# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Pure-Python statistics helpers (no numpy/pandas — Hub-safe, testable headless)."""
from __future__ import annotations

import math

AGGREGATIONS = ("none", "count", "sum", "mean", "median", "min", "max")


def to_float(value):
    """Guarded numeric coercion; returns None for anything non-finite."""
    if value is None or isinstance(value, bool):
        return None
    try:
        f = float(value)
    except (TypeError, ValueError):
        return None
    return f if math.isfinite(f) else None


def _median(sorted_vals: list[float]) -> float:
    n = len(sorted_vals)
    mid = n // 2
    if n % 2:
        return sorted_vals[mid]
    return (sorted_vals[mid - 1] + sorted_vals[mid]) / 2.0


def aggregate(xs: list, ys: list, how: str) -> tuple[list[str], list[float]]:
    """Group ys by xs (first-appearance order) and reduce each group.

    ``how='count'`` ignores ys entirely. Rows whose y is not numeric are
    skipped for numeric reductions.
    """
    if how not in AGGREGATIONS or how == "none":
        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported aggregation: {how}")

    groups: dict[str, list[float]] = {}
    counts: dict[str, int] = {}
    order: list[str] = []
    for i, x in enumerate(xs):
        key = "(null)" if x is None else str(x)
        if key not in counts:
            counts[key] = 0
            groups[key] = []
            order.append(key)
        counts[key] += 1
        if how != "count" and i < len(ys):
            f = to_float(ys[i])
            if f is not None:
                groups[key].append(f)

    values: list[float] = []
    for key in order:
        if how == "count":
            values.append(float(counts[key]))
            continue
        vals = groups[key]
        if not vals:
            values.append(0.0)
        elif how == "sum":
            values.append(sum(vals))
        elif how == "mean":
            values.append(sum(vals) / len(vals))
        elif how == "median":
            values.append(_median(sorted(vals)))
        elif how == "min":
            values.append(min(vals))
        elif how == "max":
            values.append(max(vals))
    return order, values


def _bin_label(v: float) -> str:
    """Readable bin-edge text: at most 3 decimals, no trailing zeros, comma
    thousands, and no decimals at all once the value is already in the
    thousands (a population count doesn't need cent-level precision).
    ``:g``'s significant-figure rule was the actual culprit behind
    unreadable histogram axes — for a small-magnitude value (a 0-1 ratio,
    say) 6 significant figures is 6+ decimal places, not 3."""
    if abs(v) >= 1000:
        return f"{round(v):,}"
    r = round(v, 3)
    if r == int(r):
        return f"{int(r):,}"
    s = f"{r:,.3f}".rstrip("0")
    return s[:-1] if s.endswith(".") else s


def histogram(values: list, bins: int = 20) -> tuple[list[str], list[int]]:
    """Equal-width binning. Returns (labels, counts); empty input → ([], [])."""
    nums = sorted(v for v in (to_float(x) for x in values) if v is not None)
    if not nums:
        return [], []
    lo, hi = nums[0], nums[-1]
    if lo == hi:
        return [_bin_label(lo)], [len(nums)]
    bins = max(1, int(bins))
    width = (hi - lo) / bins
    counts = [0] * bins
    for v in nums:
        i = min(int((v - lo) / width), bins - 1)
        counts[i] += 1
    labels = [f"{_bin_label(lo + i * width)}–{_bin_label(lo + (i + 1) * width)}"
             for i in range(bins)]
    return labels, counts


def pearson(xs: list, ys: list) -> float | None:
    """Pearson correlation of the numeric pairs in xs/ys; None if degenerate."""
    pairs = [(a, b) for a, b in ((to_float(x), to_float(y)) for x, y in zip(xs, ys))
             if a is not None and b is not None]
    n = len(pairs)
    if n < 3:
        return None
    mx = sum(p[0] for p in pairs) / n
    my = sum(p[1] for p in pairs) / n
    sxx = sum((p[0] - mx) ** 2 for p in pairs)
    syy = sum((p[1] - my) ** 2 for p in pairs)
    if sxx == 0 or syy == 0:
        return None
    sxy = sum((p[0] - mx) * (p[1] - my) for p in pairs)
    return sxy / math.sqrt(sxx * syy)


def mean_std(values: list) -> tuple[float, float] | None:
    """(mean, sample std). std is 0 for n < 2; None if nothing numeric."""
    nums = [v for v in (to_float(x) for x in values) if v is not None]
    if not nums:
        return None
    mean = sum(nums) / len(nums)
    if len(nums) < 2:
        return mean, 0.0
    var = sum((v - mean) ** 2 for v in nums) / (len(nums) - 1)
    return mean, math.sqrt(var)


def kde_points(values: list, points: int = 80) -> list[list[float]]:
    """Gaussian KDE sampled on a regular grid → [[x, density], ...].

    Silverman bandwidth; the grid extends one bandwidth past the data so
    curves taper to ~zero. Pure Python on purpose (Hub-safe, no numpy).
    """
    nums = sorted(v for v in (to_float(x) for x in values) if v is not None)
    n = len(nums)
    if n < 2 or nums[0] == nums[-1]:
        return []
    mean = sum(nums) / n
    std = math.sqrt(sum((v - mean) ** 2 for v in nums) / (n - 1))
    q1 = nums[int(0.25 * (n - 1))]
    q3 = nums[int(0.75 * (n - 1))]
    iqr = q3 - q1
    spread = min(std, iqr / 1.34) if iqr > 0 else std
    bw = 0.9 * spread * n ** -0.2
    if bw <= 0:
        return []
    lo, hi = nums[0] - bw, nums[-1] + bw
    step = (hi - lo) / max(1, points - 1)
    norm = 1.0 / (n * bw * math.sqrt(2 * math.pi))
    out = []
    for i in range(points):
        x = lo + i * step
        dens = sum(math.exp(-0.5 * ((x - v) / bw) ** 2) for v in nums) * norm
        out.append([x, dens])
    return out


def boxplot_stats(values: list) -> list[float] | None:
    """[min, Q1, median, Q3, max] with linear-interpolation quartiles."""
    nums = sorted(v for v in (to_float(x) for x in values) if v is not None)
    if not nums:
        return None
    return [nums[0], _quantile(nums, 0.25), _median(nums),
            _quantile(nums, 0.75), nums[-1]]


def _quantile(sorted_nums: list[float], q: float) -> float:
    """Linear-interpolation quantile of an already-sorted list."""
    pos = q * (len(sorted_nums) - 1)
    lo_i = int(math.floor(pos))
    hi_i = min(lo_i + 1, len(sorted_nums) - 1)
    frac = pos - lo_i
    return sorted_nums[lo_i] * (1 - frac) + sorted_nums[hi_i] * frac


def field_numeric_stats(values: list) -> dict | None:
    """Summary of a numeric column → {min, max, mean, std, n} (sample std,
    0 for n < 2). None when nothing in the column is numeric — used both to
    normalise map diagrams and to describe fields on the Explore dashboard.
    """
    nums = [v for v in (to_float(x) for x in values) if v is not None]
    if not nums:
        return None
    mean = sum(nums) / len(nums)
    if len(nums) < 2:
        std = 0.0
    else:
        std = math.sqrt(sum((v - mean) ** 2 for v in nums) / (len(nums) - 1))
    return {"min": min(nums), "max": max(nums), "mean": mean,
            "std": std, "n": len(nums)}


def minmax_normalize(values: list) -> list[float]:
    """Scale numeric values to 0–1 by their own min/max (None → dropped).

    Lets the dashboard put differently-scaled numeric fields on one comparable
    axis (a normalised box plot), the same idea the map-diagram normaliser
    applies on the canvas. A flat field collapses to all-zeros.
    """
    nums = [v for v in (to_float(x) for x in values) if v is not None]
    if not nums:
        return []
    lo, hi = min(nums), max(nums)
    if hi == lo:
        return [0.0] * len(nums)
    return [(v - lo) / (hi - lo) for v in nums]


def skewness(values: list) -> float | None:
    """Fisher–Pearson sample skewness; None for n < 3 or zero spread.
    Positive = a long right tail, negative = a long left tail."""
    nums = [v for v in (to_float(x) for x in values) if v is not None]
    n = len(nums)
    if n < 3:
        return None
    mean = sum(nums) / n
    m2 = sum((v - mean) ** 2 for v in nums) / n
    if m2 <= 0:
        return None
    m3 = sum((v - mean) ** 3 for v in nums) / n
    g1 = m3 / (m2 ** 1.5)
    return g1 * math.sqrt(n * (n - 1)) / (n - 2)


def outlier_count(values: list) -> int:
    """Number of values beyond the 1.5·IQR Tukey fences (0 if too few)."""
    nums = sorted(v for v in (to_float(x) for x in values) if v is not None)
    if len(nums) < 4:
        return 0
    q1, q3 = _quantile(nums, 0.25), _quantile(nums, 0.75)
    iqr = q3 - q1
    if iqr <= 0:
        return 0
    lo, hi = q1 - 1.5 * iqr, q3 + 1.5 * iqr
    return sum(1 for v in nums if v < lo or v > hi)
