/* global GeoTIFF */

import * as THREE from 'three';
import { OrbitControls } from 'three/addons/controls/OrbitControls.js';
import { PointerLockControls } from 'three/addons/controls/PointerLockControls.js';
import { Sky } from 'three/addons/objects/Sky.js';
import { CSS2DRenderer, CSS2DObject } from 'three/addons/renderers/CSS2DRenderer.js';
import { EffectComposer } from 'three/addons/postprocessing/EffectComposer.js';
import { RenderPass } from 'three/addons/postprocessing/RenderPass.js';
import { UnrealBloomPass } from 'three/addons/postprocessing/UnrealBloomPass.js';
import { SSAOPass } from 'three/addons/postprocessing/SSAOPass.js';
import { GLTFLoader } from 'three/addons/loaders/GLTFLoader.js';
import {
  blobToDataUrl,
  buildHtmlSnapshot,
  buildPdfFromJpeg,
  buildSvgSnapshot,
  sanitizeExportBaseName,
  timestampedFilename
} from './export_utils.js';
import {
  LOOKS,
  TOUR_DURATION,
  TOUR_SHOTS,
  getLook,
  pickLookId,
  tourStateAt
} from './looks.js';
import { WALK, eyeHeight, gaitOffset, gaitStrength, stepWalkVelocity, topSpeed } from './walk.js';

let currentLang = 'EN';
const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
const isPortableMode = urlParams.has('portable') || urlParams.get('portable') === '1';
const i18n = {
  TR: {
    guiTitle: 'Kentsel Kontroller',
    env: 'Çevre', fog: 'Sis', sunDir: 'Güneş Yönü', sunElev: 'Güneş Yük.',
    terrain: 'Zemin & Yüzey', pavement: 'Yol Kaplaması', showHardscape: 'Sert Zemin Göster',
    hardTex: 'Sert Zemin Dokusu', hardH: 'Sert Zemin Yüksekliği', islCol: 'Ada Rengi', islTex: 'Ada Dokusu',
    parkCol: 'Park Rengi', parkTex: 'Park Dokusu', sportCol: 'Spor Alani Rengi',
    parcels: 'Parseller', showParcels: 'Parselleri Göster', boundCol: 'Sınır Rengi', boundOp: 'Sınır Opaklığı',
    bld: 'Binalar', floorH: 'Kat Yüksekliği (m)', roofShape: 'Çatı Tipi', roofTex: 'Çatı Dokusu', roofH: 'Çatı Yüksekliği (m)',
    roads: 'Yollar & Trafik', showCars: 'Arabaları Göster', showRoads: 'Yolları Göster', roadCol: 'Yol Rengi',
    roadW: 'Yol Genişliği', trafficSpd: 'Trafik Hızı',
    funcCol: 'Kullanım Renkleri', funcFac: 'Kullanım Cepheleri',
    demWait: 'DEM bekleniyor...', demFail: 'DEM yüklenemedi. Düz zeminle devam.',
    loadingData: 'Veri yükleniyor...', processing: 'Katmanlar işleniyor...',
    clickDesc: 'Fonksiyon: {f} <br> Kat: {k} <br> Nizam: {n}',
    htmlTitle: '🏙️ 3D OSM Model',
    htmlDesc: 'Gerçekçi kentsel görselleştirme. DEM yükselti, bina, yol ve ağaç katmanları.',
    help1: 'Sol tık + sürükle: Döndür', help2: 'Scroll: Yakınlaştır / Uzaklaştır',
    help3: 'Sağ tık + sürükle: Kaydır', help4: 'Binaya tıkla: Bilgi göster',
    statsTitle: 'Alan İstatistikleri',
    statBld: 'Toplam Bina:', statBlock: 'Ada:', statParcel: 'Parsel:', statFlr: 'Ort. Kat:',
    carDensity: 'Araç Yoğunluğu', 
    sfFolder: 'Sokak Elemanları', sfLights: 'Aydınlatma', sfBenches: 'Banklar', sfBins: 'Çöp Kutuları', sfStops: 'Duraklar',
    fxFolder: 'Zaman & Efektler', timeOfDay: 'Zaman (Saat)', sSsa: 'SSAO (Gölgeler)', sBloom: 'Bloom (Parlama)',
    pedDensity: 'Yaya Yoğunluğu',
    weather: 'Hava Durumu',
    showSidewalks: 'Kaldırımlar', showCrosswalks: 'Yaya Geçitleri', showPedestrianPaths: 'Ada İçi Patikalar',
    binaInfo: 'Bina Bilgisi', biFonk: 'Fonksiyon', biKat: 'Kat Sayısı', biNiz: 'Nizam', biAlan: 'Alan',
    sapanMode: 'Sapan Modu', sapanHit: 'Vuruş! +1', sapanScoreLbl: 'Skor',
    autoTime: '⏱ Güneş Animasyonu', autoTimeSpd: 'Hız (sa/s)',
    minimap: 'Mini Harita'
  },
  EN: {
    guiTitle: 'Urban Controls',
    env: 'Environment', fog: 'Fog', sunDir: 'Sun Direction', sunElev: 'Sun Elevation',
    terrain: 'Terrain & Base', pavement: 'Pavement', showHardscape: 'Show Hardscape',
    hardTex: 'Hardscape Texture', hardH: 'Hardscape Height', islCol: 'Island Color', islTex: 'Island Texture',
    parkCol: 'Park Color', parkTex: 'Park Texture', sportCol: 'Sport Area Color',
    parcels: 'Parcels', showParcels: 'Show Parcels', boundCol: 'Boundary Color', boundOp: 'Boundary Opacity',
    bld: 'Buildings', floorH: 'Floor Height (m)', roofShape: 'Roof Shape', roofTex: 'Roof Texture', roofH: 'Roof Height (m)',
    roads: 'Roads & Traffic', showCars: 'Show Cars', showRoads: 'Show Roads', roadCol: 'Road Color',
    roadW: 'Road Width', trafficSpd: 'Traffic Speed',
    funcCol: 'Function Colors', funcFac: 'Function Facades',
    demWait: 'Waiting for DEM...', demFail: 'DEM failed. Using flat terrain.',
    loadingData: 'Loading data...', processing: 'Processing layers...',
    clickDesc: 'Function: {f} <br> Floor: {k} <br> Type: {n}',
    htmlTitle: '🏙️ 3D OSM Model',
    htmlDesc: 'Realistic urban visualization with DEM elevation, buildings, roads, and tree layers.',
    help1: 'Left click + drag: Orbit', help2: 'Scroll: Zoom in / out',
    help3: 'Right click + drag: Pan', help4: 'Click building: Show info',
    statsTitle: 'Area Statistics',
    statBld: 'Total Buildings:', statBlock: 'Blocks:', statParcel: 'Parcels:', statFlr: 'Avg Floors:',
    carDensity: 'Car Density', 
    sfFolder: 'Street Furniture', sfLights: 'Lights', sfBenches: 'Benches', sfBins: 'Trash Bins', sfStops: 'Bus Stops',
    fxFolder: 'Time & Effects', timeOfDay: 'Time of Day', sSsa: 'SSAO (Shadows)', sBloom: 'Bloom (Glow)',
    pedDensity: 'Pedestrian Density',
    weather: 'Weather',
    showSidewalks: 'Sidewalks', showCrosswalks: 'Crosswalks', showPedestrianPaths: 'Block Paths',
    binaInfo: 'Building Info', biFonk: 'Function', biKat: 'Floors', biNiz: 'Type', biAlan: 'Area',
    sapanMode: 'Slingshot Mode', sapanHit: 'Hit! +1', sapanScoreLbl: 'Score',
    autoTime: '⏱ Solar Animation', autoTimeSpd: 'Speed (h/s)',
    minimap: 'Minimap'
  }
};
function t(key) { return i18n[currentLang]?.[key] ?? i18n.EN?.[key] ?? key; }

// GeoJSON attributes, manifest metadata and uploaded file names are external
// inputs. Keep the few template-based UI renderers safe by escaping every value
// before it is interpolated into innerHTML (textContent is preferred elsewhere).
function escapeHtml(value) {
  return String(value ?? '').replace(/[&<>'"]/g, (char) => ({
    '&': '&amp;', '<': '&lt;', '>': '&gt;', "'": '&#39;', '"': '&quot;'
  })[char]);
}

Object.assign(i18n.TR, {
  dockLayers: 'Katmanlar', dockScene: 'Sahne & Güneş', dockStyle: 'Stil', dockMobility: 'Hareketlilik',
  dockFurniture: 'Kent Mobilyalari', dockAnalysis: 'Analiz',
  lblRoads: 'Yollar', lblSidewalks: 'Kaldirimlar', lblCrosswalks: 'Yaya gecitleri', lblPedestrianPaths: 'Ada ici patikalar',
  lblBlocks: 'Yeşiller / parklar', lblParcels: 'Parseller', lblHardscape: 'Sert zemin', lblBuildings: 'Binalar',
  lblFences: 'Çitler / Sınırlar', lblWaterlines: 'Su Hatları / Akarsular', lblWaterlineWidth: 'Akarsu genişliği',
  dockFences: 'Çitler & Sınırlar', lblShowFences: 'Çitleri Göster', lblFenceHeight: 'Çit Yüksekliği',
  lblFenceThickness: 'Çit Kalınlığı', lblFenceTexture: 'Çit Dokusu', lblFenceColor: 'Çit Rengi',
  fenceWall: 'Beton Duvar', fenceSteel: 'Metal Çit', fencePipeline: 'Sanayi Borusu', fenceWood: 'Ahşap Çit / Koruma Alanı',
  lblBlockStyles: 'Ada Kategorileri', dockTitleFences: 'Çit paneli',
  lblTrees: 'Agaclar', lblFurniture: 'Kent mobilyalari', lblCars: 'Araclar', lblPedestrians: 'Yayalar',
  lblPlanTexture: 'Plan texture', lblOutsideRoiTerrain: 'ROI disi zemin', lblTextureOpacity: 'Texture opakligi',
  lblTextureBrightness: 'Texture parlakligi', lblTextureContrast: 'Texture kontrasti',
  lblModelBase: 'ROI model altligi', lblSideDrop: 'Altlik dususu', lblSideColor: 'Altlik rengi',
  lblDemQuality: 'DEM mesh kalitesi', lblFog: 'Sis', lblTime: 'Zaman',
  flattenIslands: 'Ada alti duzlestirme', islandPlateauTransition: 'Plato kenar rampi (m)',
  dayOfYear: 'Yilin gunu (1-365)', latitude: 'Enlem (derece)',
  shadowStudyTitle: 'Golge analizi',
  shadowStudyNote: 'Gundonum ve ekinokslara atla, sonra günü oynat ki golgelerin nasil hareket ettigini gor.',
  shadowWinter: 'Kıs gundonumu', shadowSpring: 'Bahar ekinoksu',
  shadowSummer: 'Yaz gundonumu', shadowAutumn: 'Güz ekinoksu',
  shadowPlayDay: 'Günü oynat (gündogumu-günbatimi)', shadowStop: 'Durdur',
  shadowPlaySpeed: 'Gün-oynat hizi',
  shadowCompute: 'Gunluk golge haritasi hesapla', shadowClear: 'Haritayi temizle',
  timeDawn: 'Şafak 6', timeNoon: 'Öğle 12', timeSunset: 'Günbatımı 19', timeGolden: 'Altın 17', timeNight: 'Gece 22',
  secModelBase: 'Model altlığı', secLifeTraffic: 'Hareket & trafik',
  lblThemeMode: 'Tema', themeAuto: 'Otomatik (sistem)', themeLight: 'Aydınlık', themeDark: 'Karanlık',
  lblTerrainTileMeters: 'Doku karo boyutu (m)',
  lblBookmarks: 'Kamera yer imleri', bookmarkSave: 'Bu görünümü kaydet',
  bookmarkEmpty: 'Henüz kaydedilmiş görünüm yok.',
  bookmarkPrompt: 'Görünüm için bir isim verin:',
  bookmarkGotoTitle: 'Bu görünüme uç', bookmarkDeleteTitle: 'Yer imini sil',
  lblAutoTime: 'Gunes animasyonu', lblAutoTimeSpeed: 'Animasyon hizi',
  lblWeather: 'Hava', lblSSAO: 'Golge kalitesi', lblBloom: 'Bloom/parlama',
  lblIslandColor: 'Ada rengi', lblIslandTexture: 'Ada dokusu', lblIslandTransparency: 'Ada transparanligi',
  lblParcelColor: 'Parsel sinir rengi', lblParcelOpacity: 'Parsel sinir opakligi',
  lblRoadColor: 'Yol rengi', lblRoadStyle: 'Yol dokusu', lblPavementStyle: 'Zemin dokusu',
  lblHardscapeStyle: 'Sert zemin dokusu', lblHardscapeHeight: 'Sert zemin yuksekligi',
  lblBuildingMode: 'Bina modu', lblFacadeTextureScale: 'Cephe olcegi', lblTerrainAnalysis: 'Topoğrafya görünümü', lblAssetTheme: 'Asset theme',
  lblTreeRenderMode: 'Agac render modu',
  lblTreeRandomize: 'Agaclari rastgele dagit', lblTreeVariantCount: 'Agac cesit sayisi', lblTreeHeightRandom: 'Agac yukseklik ifadesi',
  lblXyzTiles: 'QGIS basemap altligi', lblXyzUrl: 'XYZ URL sablonu',
  lblFloorHeight: 'Kat yuksekligi', lblRoofShape: 'Cati tipi', lblRoofHeight: 'Cati yuksekligi',
  lblRoofTexture: 'Cati dokusu', lblFunctionStyles: 'Kullanim renkleri ve cepheleri',
  lblRoadAnalysis: 'Yol analizi', lblRoadWidth: 'Yol genisligi',
  lblTrafficSpeed: 'Trafik hizi', lblCarDensity: 'Arac yogunlugu', lblPedDensity: 'Yaya yogunlugu',
  lblLights: 'Aydinlatmalar', lblLightStyle: 'Aydinlatma tipi', lblBenches: 'Banklar',
  lblBenchStyle: 'Bank tipi', lblBins: 'Cop kutulari', lblBinStyle: 'Cop kutusu tipi',
  lblStops: 'Duraklar', lblStopStyle: 'Durak tipi', lblWindPlumes: 'Ruzgar etki zonu',
  lblWindDirection: 'Ruzgar yonu', lblPlumeDistance: 'Etki mesafesi',
  lblSolarReview: 'Solar inceleme', lblUrbanComfort: 'Kentsel konfor taramasi',
  analysisNote: 'Planlama taramasi / tasarim kontrolu. Bu katmanlar muhendislik simulasyonu degildir.',
  dockTitleModelStudio: 'Model Laboratuvarı',
  modelUploadTitle: 'Özel Model Yükle (.glb)',
  lblModelCategory: 'Kategori',
  catTree: 'Ağaç',
  catLight: 'Sokak Lambası',
  catBench: 'Bank',
  catBin: 'Çöp Kutusu',
  catBusStop: 'Otobüs Durağı',
  modelTransformTitle: 'Model Dönüşümü (Yükseklik & Ölçek)',
  lblTransformCategory: 'Kategori',
  treePoolTitle: 'Ağaç Model Havuzu (rastgele)',
  treePoolNote: '2-3 ağaç modeli ekleyin; ağaçlar bunlar arasından rastgele seçilir. Havuz boşsa varsayılan stilize ağaçlar kullanılır.',
  btnInPool: '✓ Havuzda',
  btnAddPool: '+ Havuza ekle',
  lblElevation: 'Yükseklik',
  uploadedModelsTitle: 'Model Kütüphanesi',
  lblScaleX: 'Ölçek X',
  lblScaleY: 'Ölçek Y',
  lblScaleZ: 'Ölçek Z',
  lblRotation: 'Döndürme',
  noModelsUploaded: 'Henüz model yüklenmedi.',
  btnUse: 'Kullan',
  btnReset: 'Sıfırla',
  confirmDeleteModel: 'Bu modeli silmek istediğinize emin misiniz?',
  statusParsing: 'GLB model ayrıştırılıyor...',
  statusSuccess: 'Başarıyla yüklendi!',
  statusError: 'Hata: '
});

Object.assign(i18n.EN, {
  dockLayers: 'Layers', dockScene: 'Scene & Sun', dockStyle: 'Style', dockMobility: 'Mobility',
  dockFurniture: 'Street Furniture', dockAnalysis: 'Analysis',
  lblRoads: 'Roads', lblSidewalks: 'Sidewalks', lblCrosswalks: 'Crosswalks', lblPedestrianPaths: 'Block paths',
  lblBlocks: 'Greens / parks', lblParcels: 'Parcels', lblHardscape: 'Hardscape', lblBuildings: 'Buildings',
  lblFences: 'Fences / Borders', lblWaterlines: 'Water lines / Streams', lblWaterlineWidth: 'Waterline default width',
  dockFences: 'Fences & Borders', lblShowFences: 'Show Fences', lblFenceHeight: 'Fence Height',
  lblFenceThickness: 'Fence Thickness', lblFenceTexture: 'Fence Texture', lblFenceColor: 'Fence Color',
  fenceWall: 'Concrete Wall', fenceSteel: 'Steel Fence', fencePipeline: 'Industrial Pipeline', fenceWood: 'Wood Fence / Conservative',
  lblBlockStyles: 'Block Categories', dockTitleFences: 'Fences dock',
  lblTrees: 'Trees', lblFurniture: 'Street furniture', lblCars: 'Cars', lblPedestrians: 'Pedestrians',
  lblPlanTexture: 'Plan texture', lblOutsideRoiTerrain: 'Outside ROI terrain', lblTextureOpacity: 'Texture opacity',
  lblTextureBrightness: 'Texture brightness', lblTextureContrast: 'Texture contrast',
  lblModelBase: 'ROI model base', lblSideDrop: 'Base drop', lblSideColor: 'Base color',
  lblDemQuality: 'DEM mesh quality', lblFog: 'Fog', lblTime: 'Time',
  flattenIslands: 'Flatten DEM under islands', islandPlateauTransition: 'Plateau edge ramp (m)',
  dayOfYear: 'Day of year (1-365)', latitude: 'Latitude (deg)',
  shadowStudyTitle: 'Shadow study',
  shadowStudyNote: 'Jump to solstices & equinoxes, then play the day to see how shadows move across the site.',
  shadowWinter: 'Winter solstice', shadowSpring: 'Spring equinox',
  shadowSummer: 'Summer solstice', shadowAutumn: 'Autumn equinox',
  shadowPlayDay: 'Play day (sunrise-sunset)', shadowStop: 'Stop',
  shadowPlaySpeed: 'Day playback speed',
  shadowCompute: 'Compute shadow heatmap', shadowClear: 'Clear heatmap',
  timeDawn: 'Dawn 6', timeNoon: 'Noon 12', timeSunset: 'Sunset 19', timeGolden: 'Golden 17', timeNight: 'Night 22',
  secModelBase: 'Model base', secLifeTraffic: 'Life & traffic',
  lblThemeMode: 'Theme', themeAuto: 'Auto (system)', themeLight: 'Light', themeDark: 'Dark',
  lblTerrainTileMeters: 'Texture tile size (m)',
  lblBookmarks: 'Camera bookmarks', bookmarkSave: 'Save current view',
  bookmarkEmpty: 'No bookmarks yet.',
  bookmarkPrompt: 'Name this view:',
  bookmarkGotoTitle: 'Fly to this view', bookmarkDeleteTitle: 'Delete bookmark',
  lblAutoTime: 'Solar animation', lblAutoTimeSpeed: 'Animation speed',
  lblWeather: 'Weather', lblSSAO: 'Shadow quality', lblBloom: 'Bloom/glow',
  lblIslandColor: 'Block color', lblIslandTexture: 'Block texture', lblIslandTransparency: 'Block transparency',
  lblParcelColor: 'Parcel boundary color', lblParcelOpacity: 'Parcel boundary opacity',
  lblRoadColor: 'Road color', lblRoadStyle: 'Road texture', lblPavementStyle: 'Ground texture',
  lblHardscapeStyle: 'Hardscape texture', lblHardscapeHeight: 'Hardscape height',
  lblBuildingMode: 'Building mode', lblFacadeTextureScale: 'Facade scale', lblTerrainAnalysis: 'Topography view', lblAssetTheme: 'Asset theme',
  lblTreeRenderMode: 'Tree render mode',
  lblTreeRandomize: 'Randomize trees', lblTreeVariantCount: 'Tree variant count', lblTreeHeightRandom: 'Tree height expression',
  lblXyzTiles: 'QGIS basemap texture', lblXyzUrl: 'XYZ URL template',
  lblFloorHeight: 'Floor height', lblRoofShape: 'Roof shape', lblRoofHeight: 'Roof height',
  lblRoofTexture: 'Roof texture', lblFunctionStyles: 'Function colors and facades',
  lblRoadAnalysis: 'Road analysis', lblRoadWidth: 'Road width',
  lblTrafficSpeed: 'Traffic speed', lblCarDensity: 'Car density', lblPedDensity: 'Pedestrian density',
  lblLights: 'Lights', lblLightStyle: 'Light style', lblBenches: 'Benches',
  lblBenchStyle: 'Bench style', lblBins: 'Trash bins', lblBinStyle: 'Trash bin style',
  lblStops: 'Bus stops', lblStopStyle: 'Bus stop style', lblWindPlumes: 'Wind impact zone',
  lblWindDirection: 'Wind direction', lblPlumeDistance: 'Impact distance',
  lblSolarReview: 'Solar review', lblUrbanComfort: 'Urban comfort screening',
  analysisNote: 'Planning screening / design review. These overlays are not engineering simulation.',
  dockTitleModelStudio: 'Model Studio',
  modelUploadTitle: 'Upload Custom Model (.glb)',
  lblModelCategory: 'Category',
  catTree: 'Tree',
  catLight: 'Street Light',
  catBench: 'Bench',
  catBin: 'Trash Bin',
  catBusStop: 'Bus Stop',
  modelTransformTitle: 'Model Transform (Elevation & Scale)',
  lblTransformCategory: 'Category',
  treePoolTitle: 'Tree Model Pool (random)',
  treePoolNote: 'Add 2-3 tree models; trees are picked randomly from them. When the pool is empty the default stylized trees are used.',
  btnInPool: '✓ In pool',
  btnAddPool: '+ Add to pool',
  lblElevation: 'Elevation',
  uploadedModelsTitle: 'Library Models',
  lblScaleX: 'Scale X',
  lblScaleY: 'Scale Y',
  lblScaleZ: 'Scale Z',
  lblRotation: 'Rotation',
  noModelsUploaded: 'No models uploaded yet.',
  btnUse: 'Use',
  btnReset: 'Reset',
  confirmDeleteModel: 'Are you sure you want to delete this model?',
  statusParsing: 'Parsing GLB model...',
  statusSuccess: 'Successfully loaded!',
  statusError: 'Error: '
});

Object.assign(i18n.EN, {
  title: '3D OSM Model',
  desc: 'Instant 3D city from OpenStreetMap: pick an area, download buildings, roads, greens and trees, and explore them live.',
  htmlTitle: '3D OSM Model',
  loadingData: 'Loading project data...',
  processing: 'Processing city layers...',
  scenePreparing: 'Preparing',
  sceneLoading: 'Loading data',
  sceneGeojson: 'Loading GeoJSON',
  sceneDem: 'Reading DEM',
  scenePlanTexture: 'Plan texture',
  sceneBasemap: 'Basemap',
  sceneTerrain: 'Terrain',
  sceneLayers: 'Layers',
  sceneReady: 'Ready',
  metricBuildings: 'Buildings',
  metricBlocks: 'Blocks',
  metricParcels: 'Parcels',
  metricFloors: 'Avg. floors',
  metricPopulation: 'Population',
  metricDwellings: 'Dwellings',
  metricVehicles: 'Vehicles',
  projectWaiting: 'Waiting for project metadata',
  manifestMissing: 'No manifest found: this may be an older export, but the viewer will still try to load it.',
  crsUnknown: 'CRS not listed',
  emptyExport: 'empty export',
  notAvailable: 'not available',
  statsLoading: 'Loading...',
  cameraPanel: 'Camera panel',
  screenshot: 'Screenshot',
  orbit: 'Orbit',
  walkSpeedShort: 'Walk speed',
  record: 'Record',
  stop: 'Stop',
  togglePanel: 'Toggle dashboard',
  toggleLanguage: 'Switch to Turkish',
  dockTitleScene: 'Scene dock',
  dockTitleLayers: 'Layer dock',
  dockTitleStyle: 'Style dock',
  dockTitleMobility: 'Mobility dock',
  dockTitleFurniture: 'Street furniture dock',
  dockTitleAnalysis: 'Analysis dock',
  dockTitleNarrative: 'Narrative Studio',
  dockTitleAdvanced: 'Advanced controls',
  dockTitleWalk: 'Walk mode',
  dockTitleGame: 'Slingshot mode',
  narrativeNote1: 'Save camera, layer, sun and analysis states as keyframes, then record the tour from the camera panel.',
  narrativeNote2: 'Tour JSON stores the route and states only. It does not embed imagery, DEM, GeoJSON, or the full viewer package.',
  tourDuration: 'Tour duration',
  loopTour: 'Loop tour',
  tourCaptionPlaceholder: 'Caption / scene note',
  addKeyframe: 'Add keyframe',
  updateKeyframe: 'Update',
  deleteKeyframe: 'Delete',
  playTour: 'Play',
  pauseTour: 'Pause',
  exportJson: 'Export JSON',
  tourEmpty: 'No keyframes yet.',
  tourLoaded: 'Narrative tour loaded from portable package.',
  walkHud: 'WASD move · Shift run · C crouch · Esc exit',
  gameHint: 'Left click: throw stone',
  demLoading: 'Loading DEM...',
  demLoaded: 'DEM loaded',
  planTextureFail: 'Plan texture could not be loaded; using the default ground material.',
  basemapFail: 'QGIS basemap texture could not be loaded; using the default ground material.',
  funcStylesPending: 'Function styles appear after data is loaded.',
  minimap: 'Minimap'
});

Object.assign(i18n.TR, {
  title: '3D OSM Model',
  desc: 'OpenStreetMap\'ten anlik 3B sehir: alani sec, bina/yol/yesil/agac verisini indir ve canli gez.',
  htmlTitle: '3D OSM Model',
  loadingData: 'Proje verisi yukleniyor...',
  processing: 'Kent katmanlari isleniyor...',
  scenePreparing: 'Hazirlaniyor',
  sceneLoading: 'Veri yukleniyor',
  sceneGeojson: 'GeoJSON yukleniyor',
  sceneDem: 'DEM okunuyor',
  scenePlanTexture: 'Plan texture',
  sceneBasemap: 'Basemap',
  sceneTerrain: 'Terrain',
  sceneLayers: 'Katmanlar',
  sceneReady: 'Hazir',
  metricBuildings: 'Bina',
  metricBlocks: 'Ada',
  metricParcels: 'Parsel',
  metricFloors: 'Ort. kat',
  metricPopulation: 'Nufus',
  metricDwellings: 'Daire',
  metricVehicles: 'Arac',
  projectWaiting: 'Proje bilgisi bekleniyor',
  manifestMissing: 'Manifest yok: bu eski bir export olabilir, viewer yine de yuklemeyi dener.',
  crsUnknown: 'CRS bilgisi yok',
  emptyExport: 'bos export',
  notAvailable: 'yok',
  statsLoading: 'Yukleniyor...',
  cameraPanel: 'Kamera paneli',
  screenshot: 'Fotograf',
  orbit: 'Orbit',
  walkSpeedShort: 'Yurume hizi',
  record: 'Kayit',
  stop: 'Dur',
  togglePanel: 'Dashboard panelini ac/kapat',
  toggleLanguage: 'Ingilizceye gec',
  dockTitleScene: 'Sahne paneli',
  dockTitleLayers: 'Katman paneli',
  dockTitleStyle: 'Stil paneli',
  dockTitleMobility: 'Hareketlilik paneli',
  dockTitleFurniture: 'Kent mobilyalari paneli',
  dockTitleAnalysis: 'Analiz paneli',
  dockTitleNarrative: 'Narrative Studio',
  dockTitleAdvanced: 'Gelistirilmis kontroller',
  dockTitleWalk: 'Walk mode',
  dockTitleGame: 'Sapan modu',
  narrativeNote1: 'Kamera, katman, gunes ve analiz durumlarini keyframe olarak kaydedin; turu kamera panelinden kaydedin.',
  narrativeNote2: 'Tour JSON yalniz rota ve durumlari saklar. Goruntu, DEM, GeoJSON veya tam viewer paketini icine gommez.',
  tourDuration: 'Tur suresi',
  loopTour: 'Turu donguye al',
  tourCaptionPlaceholder: 'Baslik / sahne notu',
  addKeyframe: 'Keyframe ekle',
  updateKeyframe: 'Guncelle',
  deleteKeyframe: 'Sil',
  playTour: 'Oynat',
  pauseTour: 'Duraklat',
  exportJson: 'JSON export',
  tourEmpty: 'Henuz keyframe yok.',
  tourLoaded: 'Narrative tur portable paketten yuklendi.',
  walkHud: 'WASD hareket · Shift hizli · C alcak · Esc cikis',
  gameHint: 'Sol tik: tas at',
  demLoading: 'DEM yukleniyor...',
  demLoaded: 'DEM yuklendi',
  planTextureFail: 'Plan texture yuklenemedi; varsayilan zeminle devam ediliyor.',
  basemapFail: 'QGIS basemap texture yuklenemedi; varsayilan zeminle devam ediliyor.',
  funcStylesPending: 'Fonksiyon stilleri veri yuklendikten sonra gorunur.',
  minimap: 'Mini Harita'
});


const scene = new THREE.Scene();
scene.background = new THREE.Color(0xcee4ef);
scene.fog = new THREE.FogExp2(0xcee4ef, 0.0003);
// Horizon haze keyed to the sun (see updateTimeOfDay).
const FOG_DAY = new THREE.Color(0xcee4ef);
const FOG_DUSK = new THREE.Color(0x6b5a63);
const FOG_NIGHT = new THREE.Color(0x0d1524);

const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(58, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 20000);
camera.position.set(0, 420, 580);

const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true, preserveDrawingBuffer: false });
renderer.setPixelRatio(Math.min(window.devicePixelRatio, 2));
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
renderer.shadowMap.enabled = true;
renderer.shadowMap.type = THREE.PCFSoftShadowMap;
document.getElementById('map').appendChild(renderer.domElement);

const labelRenderer = new CSS2DRenderer();
labelRenderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
labelRenderer.domElement.style.position = 'absolute';
labelRenderer.domElement.style.top = '0px';
labelRenderer.domElement.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
document.getElementById('map').appendChild(labelRenderer.domElement);

const renderPass = new RenderPass(scene, camera);
const ssaoPass = new SSAOPass(scene, camera, window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
ssaoPass.kernelRadius = 8;
ssaoPass.minDistance = 0.005;
ssaoPass.maxDistance = 0.1;

const bloomPass = new UnrealBloomPass(new THREE.Vector2(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight), 1.2, 0.4, 0.85);

const composer = new EffectComposer(renderer);
composer.setPixelRatio(Math.min(window.devicePixelRatio, 1.25));
composer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
composer.addPass(renderPass);
composer.addPass(ssaoPass);
composer.addPass(bloomPass);

const controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);
controls.enableDamping = true;
controls.maxPolarAngle = Math.PI * 0.49;
controls.addEventListener('change', () => { sun.shadow.needsUpdate = true; });

const walkControls = new PointerLockControls(camera, document.body);
let isWalkMode = false;
let moveForward = false;
let moveBackward = false;
let moveLeft = false;
let moveRight = false;
let sprintWalk = false;
let crouchWalk = false;
const velocity = new THREE.Vector3();
const direction = new THREE.Vector3();

let walkBobPhase = 0;
let walkOrbitFov = null;
const walkBobOffset = new THREE.Vector3();
const walkRay = new THREE.Raycaster();
const _walkAxis = new THREE.Vector3();
const _walkRight = new THREE.Vector3();
const _walkOrigin = new THREE.Vector3();
const _walkFrom = new THREE.Vector3();

function walkEyeHeight() {
  return eyeHeight(settings.walkStature, crouchWalk);
}

// Buildings are solid. Two rays — at eye and at chest — so a wall stops the
// walker whichever way they are looking.
function walkPathBlocked(from, dir, distance) {
  if (!settings.walkCollision || !buildingGroup) return false;
  walkRay.far = distance;
  for (const dy of [0, -0.85]) {
    walkRay.set(_walkOrigin.set(from.x, from.y + dy, from.z), dir);
    if (walkRay.intersectObject(buildingGroup, true).length) return true;
  }
  return false;
}

let walkHudLast = 0;
function updateWalkHud(speed) {
  const el = document.getElementById('walk-readout');
  if (!el) return;
  const now = performance.now();
  if (now - walkHudLast < 120) return;
  walkHudLast = now;
  el.textContent = `${walkEyeHeight().toFixed(2)} m eye · ${(speed * 3.6).toFixed(1)} km/h`;
}
let prevTime = performance.now();

const ambient = new THREE.AmbientLight(0xffffff, 0.62);
scene.add(ambient);
const sun = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 1.25);
sun.castShadow = true;
sun.shadow.autoUpdate = false;
sun.shadow.mapSize.set(2048, 2048);
sun.shadow.camera.left = -1600;
sun.shadow.camera.right = 1600;
sun.shadow.camera.top = 1600;
sun.shadow.camera.bottom = -1600;
scene.add(sun);

const sky = new Sky();
sky.scale.setScalar(450000);
scene.add(sky);

const texLoader = new THREE.TextureLoader();
const world = new THREE.Group();
scene.add(world);

let terrainMesh;
let islandGroup = new THREE.Group();
let parcelGroup = new THREE.Group();
let hardscapeGroup = new THREE.Group();
let buildingGroup = new THREE.Group();
let roadGroup = new THREE.Group();
let treeGroup = new THREE.Group();
let shadowHeatmapMesh = null;
let carGroup = new THREE.Group();
let bikeLaneGroup = new THREE.Group();
let bikeGroup = new THREE.Group();
let bikeLaneCurves = [];
let bikes = [];
let furnitureGroup = new THREE.Group();
let pedestrianGroup = new THREE.Group();
let sidewalkGroup = new THREE.Group();
let pedestrianPathGroup = new THREE.Group();
let crosswalkGroup = new THREE.Group();
let terrainSideGroup = new THREE.Group();
let windPlumeGroup = new THREE.Group();
let fenceGroup = new THREE.Group();
let waterlineGroup = new THREE.Group();
let zoningGroup = new THREE.Group();
let basemapGroup = new THREE.Group();
world.add(basemapGroup);
world.add(islandGroup);
world.add(parcelGroup);
world.add(hardscapeGroup);
world.add(buildingGroup);
world.add(sidewalkGroup);
world.add(pedestrianPathGroup);
world.add(crosswalkGroup);
world.add(terrainSideGroup);
world.add(windPlumeGroup);
world.add(roadGroup);
world.add(treeGroup);
world.add(carGroup);
world.add(bikeLaneGroup);
world.add(bikeGroup);
world.add(furnitureGroup);
world.add(pedestrianGroup);
world.add(fenceGroup);
world.add(waterlineGroup);
world.add(zoningGroup);

/* Layer Elevation Hierarchy
 * DEM < islands < block paths < buildings/trees < parcels < hardscape slab < roads < sidewalks < cars.
 * Offsets are relative to the final visible terrain surface.
 */
const LAYER = {
  waterline: 0.58,
  island:    0.60,
  path:      0.72,
  content:   0.78,
  parcel:    0.94,
  hardscape: 0.98,
  road:      1.36,
  bikeLane:  1.42,
  sidewalk:  1.52,
  carExtra:  0.08
};
const FACADE_TEXTURE_SCALE_MULTIPLIER = 4.85;
const SETTINGS_SCHEMA_VERSION = 13;

// Match the viewer's local X axis to the QGIS map orientation.
const LOCAL_X_SIGN = -1;
let centerX = 0;
let centerY = 0;
let bounds = null;
let demSampler = null;
let demReady = false;
let demLoadingStarted = false;
let layerDataCache = null;
let projectManifest = null;
let terrainTexture = null;
let baseMapTexture = null;
let basemapTexture = null;
let terrainOverlayMesh = null;
let roadCurves = [];
let vehicleRoadCurves = [];
let pedestrianPathCurves = [];
let cars = [];
let pedestrians = [];
let manifestDefaultsApplied = false;
let terrainHeightStats = { min: 0, max: 0, avg: 0, p02: 0, p98: 0 };
let terrainSurfaceCache = null;
let sceneBuildToken = 0;
const islandPlateauCache = [];

// --- Performance ---
const rc = new THREE.Raycaster();
rc.firstHitOnly = true;
// Three.js does not release GPU resources when an Object3D is removed. Cached
// GLTF/template resources and a handful of shared textures must survive layer
// rebuilds; everything else is owned by the current scene generation.
const persistentGeometries = new WeakSet();
const persistentMaterials = new WeakSet();
const persistentTextures = new WeakSet();
const pedestrianTemplateCache = new Map();
const vehicleTemplateCache = new Map();

function markPersistentTexture(texture) {
  if (texture?.isTexture) persistentTextures.add(texture);
  return texture;
}

function markObjectResourcesPersistent(root) {
  root?.traverse?.((object) => {
    if (object.geometry) persistentGeometries.add(object.geometry);
    const materials = object.material ? (Array.isArray(object.material) ? object.material : [object.material]) : [];
    materials.forEach((material) => {
      if (!material) return;
      persistentMaterials.add(material);
      Object.values(material).forEach((value) => {
        if (value?.isTexture) persistentTextures.add(value);
      });
    });
  });
  return root;
}

function disposeTexture(texture) {
  if (!texture?.isTexture || persistentTextures.has(texture)) return;
  texture.dispose();
}

function releasePersistentTexture(texture) {
  if (!texture?.isTexture) return;
  persistentTextures.delete(texture);
  texture.dispose();
}

function collectObjectResources(root, resources) {
  root?.traverse?.((object) => {
    if (object.geometry && !persistentGeometries.has(object.geometry)) resources.geometries.add(object.geometry);
    const materials = object.material ? (Array.isArray(object.material) ? object.material : [object.material]) : [];
    materials.forEach((material) => {
      if (!material || persistentMaterials.has(material)) return;
      resources.materials.add(material);
      Object.values(material).forEach((value) => {
        if (value?.isTexture && !persistentTextures.has(value)) resources.textures.add(value);
      });
    });
  });
}

function disposeObjectResources(root) {
  const resources = { geometries: new Set(), materials: new Set(), textures: new Set() };
  collectObjectResources(root, resources);
  resources.textures.forEach(disposeTexture);
  resources.materials.forEach((material) => material.dispose());
  resources.geometries.forEach((geometry) => geometry.dispose());
}

function releasePersistentObjectResources(root) {
  const resources = { geometries: new Set(), materials: new Set(), textures: new Set() };
  root?.traverse?.((object) => {
    if (object.geometry) resources.geometries.add(object.geometry);
    const materials = object.material ? (Array.isArray(object.material) ? object.material : [object.material]) : [];
    materials.forEach((material) => {
      if (!material) return;
      resources.materials.add(material);
      Object.values(material).forEach((value) => {
        if (value?.isTexture) resources.textures.add(value);
      });
    });
  });
  resources.textures.forEach((texture) => {
    persistentTextures.delete(texture);
    texture.dispose();
  });
  resources.materials.forEach((material) => {
    persistentMaterials.delete(material);
    material.dispose();
  });
  resources.geometries.forEach((geometry) => {
    persistentGeometries.delete(geometry);
    geometry.dispose();
  });
}

function clearProceduralTemplateCaches() {
  treeLeafTextureCache.forEach(releasePersistentTexture);
  treeLeafTextureCache.clear();
  pedestrianTemplateCache.forEach((entry) => releasePersistentObjectResources(entry.mesh));
  vehicleTemplateCache.forEach((entry) => releasePersistentObjectResources(entry.group));
  pedestrianTemplateCache.clear();
  vehicleTemplateCache.clear();
}

// --- Hover / highlight ---
let _hoveredBldg = null;
const _hovEmissive = new THREE.Color();
let _hovEmissiveIntensity = 0;

// --- Fly-to ---
let _flyOrigin = null;
let _flyTarget = null;
let _flyControlsTarget = null;
let _flyT = 1.0;

const BOOKMARK_STORAGE_KEY = 'planx_3d_city_camera_bookmarks';
let cameraBookmarks = [];

function loadCameraBookmarks() {
  if (isPortableMode) {
    cameraBookmarks = [];
    return;
  }
  try {
    const raw = localStorage.getItem(BOOKMARK_STORAGE_KEY);
    cameraBookmarks = raw ? JSON.parse(raw) : [];
    if (!Array.isArray(cameraBookmarks)) cameraBookmarks = [];
  } catch (_err) {
    cameraBookmarks = [];
  }
}

function saveCameraBookmarks() {
  if (isPortableMode) return;
  try {
    localStorage.setItem(BOOKMARK_STORAGE_KEY, JSON.stringify(cameraBookmarks));
  } catch (_err) {
    /* localStorage quota etc. — fail silently */
  }
}

function addCameraBookmark(name) {
  const label = (name || '').trim() || `View ${cameraBookmarks.length + 1}`;
  cameraBookmarks.push({
    id: Date.now().toString(36) + Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 6),
    name: label,
    position: [camera.position.x, camera.position.y, camera.position.z],
    target: [controls.target.x, controls.target.y, controls.target.z],
    fov: camera.fov,
    timeOfDay: settings.timeOfDay,
    createdAt: Date.now()
  });
  saveCameraBookmarks();
  renderCameraBookmarks();
}

function removeCameraBookmark(id) {
  cameraBookmarks = cameraBookmarks.filter((b) => b.id !== id);
  saveCameraBookmarks();
  renderCameraBookmarks();
}

function gotoCameraBookmark(id) {
  const bm = cameraBookmarks.find((b) => b.id === id);
  if (!bm) return;
  _flyOrigin = camera.position.clone();
  _flyTarget = new THREE.Vector3(bm.position[0], bm.position[1], bm.position[2]);
  _flyControlsTarget = new THREE.Vector3(bm.target[0], bm.target[1], bm.target[2]);
  _flyT = 0;
  if (Number.isFinite(bm.fov) && bm.fov > 0) {
    camera.fov = bm.fov;
    camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
    settings.fov = bm.fov;
  }
  if (Number.isFinite(bm.timeOfDay)) {
    settings.timeOfDay = bm.timeOfDay;
    updateTimeOfDay();
  }
}

function renderCameraBookmarks() {
  const host = document.getElementById('bookmark-list');
  if (!host) return;
  host.innerHTML = '';
  if (!cameraBookmarks.length) {
    const empty = document.createElement('div');
    empty.className = 'bookmark-empty';
    empty.textContent = t('bookmarkEmpty');
    host.appendChild(empty);
    return;
  }
  cameraBookmarks.forEach((bm) => {
    const row = document.createElement('div');
    row.className = 'bookmark-row';
    const gotoBtn = document.createElement('button');
    gotoBtn.className = 'bookmark-goto';
    gotoBtn.textContent = bm.name;
    gotoBtn.title = t('bookmarkGotoTitle');
    gotoBtn.addEventListener('click', () => gotoCameraBookmark(bm.id));
    const delBtn = document.createElement('button');
    delBtn.className = 'bookmark-del';
    delBtn.textContent = '×';
    delBtn.title = t('bookmarkDeleteTitle');
    delBtn.addEventListener('click', () => removeCameraBookmark(bm.id));
    row.appendChild(gotoBtn);
    row.appendChild(delBtn);
    host.appendChild(row);
  });
}

// --- Minimap ---
let _mmBg = null;           // pre-rendered static canvas
let _mmScale = 1, _mmOx = 0, _mmOy = 0;
const _mmW = 160, _mmH = 160;
let _mmLastUpdate = 0;
let _fpsLastSample = 0;
let _fpsFrames = 0;
let _fpsValue = 0;

function _mmPx(lx, lz) {
  const w = bounds.maxX - bounds.minX;
  const h = bounds.maxY - bounds.minY;
  return [_mmOx + (lx + w * 0.5) * _mmScale, _mmOy + (h * 0.5 - lz) * _mmScale];
}

function rebuildMinimapBg() {
  if (!bounds || !layerDataCache) return;
  const w = bounds.maxX - bounds.minX;
  const h = bounds.maxY - bounds.minY;
  _mmScale = Math.min(_mmW, _mmH) * 0.86 / Math.max(w, h);
  _mmOx = (_mmW - w * _mmScale) / 2;
  _mmOy = (_mmH - h * _mmScale) / 2;

  const bg = document.createElement('canvas');
  bg.width = _mmW; bg.height = _mmH;
  const ctx = bg.getContext('2d');

  ctx.fillStyle = '#0d1425';
  ctx.fillRect(0, 0, _mmW, _mmH);

  // ROI outline
  if (layerDataCache.roi?.features?.length) {
    ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(239,68,68,0.75)';
    ctx.lineWidth = 1.5;
    ctx.setLineDash([4, 3]);
    for (const f of layerDataCache.roi.features) {
      const rings = f.geometry.type === 'Polygon' ? [f.geometry.coordinates] : f.geometry.coordinates;
      for (const poly of rings) {
        for (const ring of poly) {
          ctx.beginPath();
          ring.forEach(([cx, cy], i) => {
            const [lx, lz] = metersToLocal(cx, cy);
            const [mx, my] = _mmPx(lx, lz);
            i === 0 ? ctx.moveTo(mx, my) : ctx.lineTo(mx, my);
          });
          ctx.stroke();
        }
      }
    }
    ctx.setLineDash([]);
  }

  // Island blocks
  for (const f of layerDataCache.adalar?.features || []) {
    for (const poly of getPolygonRings(f.geometry)) {
      const ring = poly[0]; if (!ring) continue;
      const fn = buildingFunctionValue(f.properties || {}).toString().toUpperCase();
      ctx.fillStyle = fn.includes('PARK') || fn.includes('YEŞİL') ? 'rgba(30,90,45,0.65)' : 'rgba(155,155,150,0.45)';
      ctx.beginPath();
      ring.forEach(([cx, cy], i) => {
        const [lx, lz] = metersToLocal(cx, cy); const [mx, my] = _mmPx(lx, lz);
        i === 0 ? ctx.moveTo(mx, my) : ctx.lineTo(mx, my);
      });
      ctx.closePath(); ctx.fill();
    }
  }

  // Roads
  ctx.strokeStyle = '#222a38'; ctx.lineWidth = 1.2;
  for (const f of layerDataCache.yollar?.features || []) {
    if (f.geometry?.type !== 'LineString') continue;
    ctx.beginPath();
    f.geometry.coordinates.forEach(([cx, cy], i) => {
      const [lx, lz] = metersToLocal(cx, cy); const [mx, my] = _mmPx(lx, lz);
      i === 0 ? ctx.moveTo(mx, my) : ctx.lineTo(mx, my);
    });
    ctx.stroke();
  }

  ctx.strokeStyle = '#b7ad93'; ctx.lineWidth = 0.9;
  for (const f of layerDataCache.pedestrianPaths?.features || []) {
    for (const line of lineSetsFromGeometry(f.geometry)) {
      ctx.beginPath();
      line.forEach(([cx, cy], i) => {
        const [lx, lz] = metersToLocal(cx, cy); const [mx, my] = _mmPx(lx, lz);
        i === 0 ? ctx.moveTo(mx, my) : ctx.lineTo(mx, my);
      });
      ctx.stroke();
    }
  }

  // Buildings (colored by function)
  for (const f of layerDataCache.yapilar?.features || []) {
    const fn = buildingFunctionValue(f.properties || {}).toString();
    ctx.fillStyle = functionColorState[fn] || '#94a3b8';
    for (const poly of getPolygonRings(f.geometry)) {
      const ring = poly[0]; if (!ring) continue;
      ctx.beginPath();
      ring.forEach(([cx, cy], i) => {
        const [lx, lz] = metersToLocal(cx, cy); const [mx, my] = _mmPx(lx, lz);
        i === 0 ? ctx.moveTo(mx, my) : ctx.lineTo(mx, my);
      });
      ctx.closePath(); ctx.fill();
    }
  }

  // Trees
  ctx.fillStyle = '#4ade80';
  for (const f of layerDataCache.agaclar?.features || []) {
    if (f.geometry?.type !== 'Point') continue;
    const [lx, lz] = metersToLocal(f.geometry.coordinates[0], f.geometry.coordinates[1]);
    const [mx, my] = _mmPx(lx, lz);
    ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(mx, my, 1.4, 0, Math.PI * 2); ctx.fill();
  }

  _mmBg = bg;
}

function updateMinimapCamera() {
  const canvas = document.getElementById('minimap-canvas');
  if (!canvas || !_mmBg) return;
  const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
  ctx.clearRect(0, 0, _mmW, _mmH);
  ctx.drawImage(_mmBg, 0, 0);

  const [cmx, cmy] = _mmPx(camera.position.x, camera.position.z);
  if (cmx < -10 || cmy < -10 || cmx > _mmW + 10 || cmy > _mmH + 10) return;

  // Camera direction arrow
  const cDir = new THREE.Vector3();
  camera.getWorldDirection(cDir);
  const arrowLen = 10;
  const ax = cDir.x, ay = -cDir.z; // canvas Y: south = positive
  const norm = Math.sqrt(ax * ax + ay * ay);

  ctx.save();
  ctx.translate(cmx, cmy);
  if (norm > 0.01) {
    // FOV indicator
    const ang = Math.atan2(ay, ax);
    ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(56,189,248,0.10)';
    ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(0, 0);
    ctx.arc(0, 0, 16, ang - 0.55, ang + 0.55);
    ctx.closePath(); ctx.fill();
    // Arrow
    ctx.strokeStyle = '#38bdf8'; ctx.lineWidth = 1.8;
    ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(0, 0);
    ctx.lineTo(ax / norm * arrowLen, ay / norm * arrowLen);
    ctx.stroke();
  }
  ctx.fillStyle = '#38bdf8';
  ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(0, 0, 3, 0, Math.PI * 2); ctx.fill();
  ctx.fillStyle = '#fff';
  ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(0, 0, 1.5, 0, Math.PI * 2); ctx.fill();
  ctx.restore();
}

// --- Scale bar ---
let _sbLastUpdate = 0;
function updateScaleBar() {
  const bar = document.getElementById('scale-bar');
  if (!bar || isWalkMode) { if (bar) bar.style.display = 'none'; return; }
  bar.style.display = 'flex';
  const dist = camera.position.distanceTo(controls.target);
  let m = 500;
  if (dist < 600) m = 200;
  if (dist < 250) m = 100;
  if (dist < 120) m = 50;
  if (dist < 60)  m = 20;
  if (dist < 25)  m = 10;

  const tgt = controls.target.clone();
  const right = new THREE.Vector3();
  camera.getWorldDirection(right);
  right.cross(new THREE.Vector3(0, 1, 0)).normalize();
  const p2 = tgt.clone().addScaledVector(right, m);
  const v1 = tgt.project(camera);
  const v2 = p2.project(camera);
  const px = Math.abs(v2.x - v1.x) * window.innerWidth / 2;

  const line = document.getElementById('scale-line');
  const label = document.getElementById('scale-label');
  if (line) line.style.width = Math.max(20, px) + 'px';
  if (label) label.textContent = m >= 1000 ? `${m / 1000}km` : `${m}m`;
}
const functionColorState = {};
const functionFacadeState = {};
const functionBuildingStyleState = {};
const FUNCTION_STYLE_STORAGE_KEY = 'planx_3d_city_function_styles';

const blockCategoryStyleState = {};
const blockCategoryColorState = {};
const blockCategoryTextureState = {};
const BLOCK_STYLE_STORAGE_KEY = 'planx_3d_city_block_styles';
const ROOF_SHAPE_OPTIONS = ['Flat', 'Pyramid', 'Hip', 'Gable', 'Shed'];

const textureSets = {
  pavement: {
    Asphalt: null,
    StoneA: 'assets/pavement.webp',
    StoneB: 'StoneB',
    Concrete: 'Concrete',
    Cobble: 'Cobble',
    WarmStone: 'WarmStone',
    CampusPaver: 'CampusPaver',
    Permeable: 'Permeable',
    Grid: 'Grid'
  },
  road: {
    Plain: null,
    Asphalt: 'Asphalt',
    Cobblestone: 'assets/pavement.webp',
    SharedStreet: 'SharedStreet'
  },
  island: {
    None: null,
    SoftNoise: 'SoftNoise',
    FineGrid: 'FineGrid',
    ParkGreen: 'ParkGreen',
    ResidentialBeige: 'ResidentialBeige',
    CivicGravel: 'CivicGravel',
    CoastalSand: 'CoastalSand',
    Water: 'Water'
  },
  hardscape: {
    Cobble: 'assets/pavement.webp',
    Concrete: 'Concrete',
    Tile: 'Tile',
    WarmStone: 'WarmStone',
    CampusPaver: 'CampusPaver',
    Permeable: 'Permeable',
    PlazaGranite: 'PlazaGranite'
  },
  facade: {
    ResidentialA: 'assets/facade_resid_a.webp',
    ResidentialB: 'assets/facade_resid_b.webp',
    ResidentialC: 'assets/facade_resid_c.webp',
    ResidentialD: 'assets/facade_resid_d.webp',
    ResidentialE: 'assets/facade_resid_e.webp',
    ResidentialF: 'assets/facade_resid_f.webp',
    UrbanA: 'assets/facade.webp',
    UrbanB: 'assets/facade2.webp',
    UrbanC: 'assets/facade3.webp',
    UrbanD: 'assets/facade4.webp',
    UrbanE: 'UrbanE',
    CampusGlass: 'CampusGlass',
    EcoTimber: 'EcoTimber',
    CivicStone: 'CivicStone',
    DenseBrick: 'DenseBrick',
    CoastalWhite: 'CoastalWhite',
    MediterraneanStucco: 'MediterraneanStucco'
  },
  roof: {
    RoofA: 'assets/roof.webp',
    RoofB: 'RoofB',
    RoofC: 'RoofC',
    RoofD: 'RoofD',
    GermanTile: 'GermanTile',
    TurkishTile: 'TurkishTile',
    USShingle: 'USShingle',
    StandingSeam: 'StandingSeam',
    GreenRoof: 'GreenRoof',
    SolarRoof: 'SolarRoof',
    CeramicLight: 'CeramicLight'
  }
};

// Human-readable, systematic labels for the otherwise opaque roof texture keys
// (RoofA/RoofB/… read as amateur). Keys stay stable for persistence + presets;
// only the displayed option text changes. Names match each preset's appearance
// in createRoofPresetTexture().
const ROOF_TEXTURE_LABELS = {
  RoofA: 'Clay tile (tan)',
  RoofB: 'Corrugated metal',
  RoofC: 'Mission tile (red)',
  RoofD: 'Flat concrete',
  GermanTile: 'Slate tile',
  TurkishTile: 'Terracotta tile',
  USShingle: 'Asphalt shingle',
  StandingSeam: 'Standing-seam metal',
  GreenRoof: 'Green roof',
  SolarRoof: 'Solar panel',
  CeramicLight: 'Light ceramic',
};
function roofTextureLabel(key) {
  return ROOF_TEXTURE_LABELS[key] || key;
}

// The region-specific Turkish facade textures (facade_tr_*.png, ~5 MB) were
// removed in v0.7.0: this is a global OSM tool, so buildings use the generic
// facade set below. turkishFacadeMatch()/normalizeFacadeKey() stay generic and
// simply fall back to a standard facade for any stale Urban_TR_* keys.

// Easy colour themes for the exported city. These recolour the 3D CONTENT only
// (buildings, roads, base/island, greens, roofs) — never the toolbar/panel chrome.
// `buildings` is a function-distinct palette consumed by getSemanticColor(); the
// scene colours mirror builder._THEMES so a fresh export and a live switch match.
// Editorial Paper is the default shared with the native OSM Quick 3D plugin.
const DEFAULT_COLOR_THEME = 'Editorial Paper';
const COLOR_THEMES = {
  'Editorial Paper': {
    label: 'Editorial paper — warm & elegant',
    buildings: { resid: '#ebd4c0', educ: '#cfdcd5', worship: '#e8dfeb', commerc: '#c4d1db', health: '#cfdcd5', sport: '#d6d1b7', green: '#c2c5aa', civic: '#cfdcd5', industr: '#dbcfb8', default: '#dcd8d3' },
    facades: ['MediterraneanStucco', 'CivicStone', 'CoastalWhite', 'UrbanE'],
    roadColor: '#7c5c43', islandColor: '#e6dfd3', terrainSideColor: '#b9aa96', terrainOutsideColor: '#fdfbf7', parkColor: '#c2c5aa', sportColor: '#aeb89a', roofTexture: 'RoofA', assetTheme: 'Civic Heritage'
  },
  'Plugin Tones': {
    label: 'Plugin tones — salmon & grey',
    buildings: { resid: '#c3c7cc', educ: '#a9b6c4', worship: '#bcc7bf', commerc: '#aab0b7', health: '#c7bfc6', sport: '#aeb6c2', green: '#bbf7d0', civic: '#b3afbd', industr: '#9aa0a6', default: '#b6bbc1' },
    roadColor: '#9a8c84', islandColor: '#dcc7bd', terrainSideColor: '#b8978a', terrainOutsideColor: '#e7d7d0', parkColor: '#9fae8a', sportColor: '#8fa07c', roofTexture: 'USShingle', assetTheme: 'Modern Urban'
  },
  'Tinted Gray Teal': {
    label: 'Tinted gray + teal',
    buildings: { resid: '#b9c7c5', educ: '#a3b8b6', worship: '#b0c6bf', commerc: '#9fb5b2', health: '#b6c5c2', sport: '#a3b8b4', green: '#bbf7d0', civic: '#abbdb9', industr: '#8fa6a2', default: '#aabfbb' },
    facades: ['UrbanE', 'CampusGlass', 'CivicStone', 'CoastalWhite'],
    roadColor: '#36433f', islandColor: '#dde6e3', terrainSideColor: '#7fb0a8', terrainOutsideColor: '#e6efec', parkColor: '#6fa589', sportColor: '#5f9579', roofTexture: 'StandingSeam', assetTheme: 'Modern Urban'
  },
  'Teal & Salmon': {
    label: 'Teal + salmon',
    buildings: { resid: '#e3c3b5', educ: '#d8b6ab', worship: '#dcc0b2', commerc: '#d6b8ab', health: '#e0bdb4', sport: '#d3b3a8', green: '#bbf7d0', civic: '#d8bfb6', industr: '#c4a597', default: '#dabdb0' },
    facades: ['MediterraneanStucco', 'CivicStone', 'CampusGlass', 'CoastalWhite'],
    roadColor: '#2f4a46', islandColor: '#e7d7d0', terrainSideColor: '#4f8c84', terrainOutsideColor: '#dfeae7', parkColor: '#5e9e7e', sportColor: '#4f8e70', roofTexture: 'StandingSeam', assetTheme: 'Modern Urban'
  },
  'Light Purple & Black': {
    label: 'Light purple + soft black',
    buildings: { resid: '#d2c9e4', educ: '#c4b8db', worship: '#cdc2e0', commerc: '#c2b6d8', health: '#cfbfdc', sport: '#c0b6d8', green: '#c7e8d0', civic: '#c6b6de', industr: '#aa9cc2', default: '#c6bcdc' },
    facades: ['CoastalWhite', 'UrbanE', 'CivicStone', 'CampusGlass'],
    roadColor: '#2a2a30', islandColor: '#e7e2f0', terrainSideColor: '#9b8fb0', terrainOutsideColor: '#efecf6', parkColor: '#8a9e6e', sportColor: '#7a8e60', roofTexture: 'USShingle', assetTheme: 'Modern Urban'
  },
  'Warm Sand & Slate': {
    label: 'Warm sand + slate',
    buildings: { resid: '#e3d6b6', educ: '#d8caa2', worship: '#dccfae', commerc: '#d6c9a2', health: '#e0d2b2', sport: '#d3c5a0', green: '#bbf7d0', civic: '#d8cca0', industr: '#c2b48c', default: '#d8cba8' },
    facades: ['MediterraneanStucco', 'CivicStone', 'CoastalWhite', 'UrbanE'],
    roadColor: '#46413a', islandColor: '#e8ddc7', terrainSideColor: '#c2a878', terrainOutsideColor: '#efe7d4', parkColor: '#8aa05e', sportColor: '#7a9050', roofTexture: 'GermanTile', assetTheme: 'Modern Urban'
  },
  // Stylised "look" themes (v0.18.0). Like the palettes above they recolour only
  // the 3D content; each leans on light, tintable procedural facades so the bright
  // building colours read through the multiply-blend (facadeTex × buildingColor).
  'Anime': {
    label: 'Anime — bright cel pastels',
    buildings: { resid: '#bfe3f0', educ: '#f3c9d6', worship: '#d8cdee', commerc: '#c4ebd6', health: '#f6d9c0', sport: '#c6d4f2', green: '#b6f2c6', civic: '#e6dcef', industr: '#bcccd6', default: '#d3e3ec' },
    facades: ['CoastalWhite', 'CampusGlass', 'UrbanE', 'MediterraneanStucco'],
    roadColor: '#7d8a96', islandColor: '#e9f1e4', terrainSideColor: '#b9d0c0', terrainOutsideColor: '#eef5ec', parkColor: '#7fc785', sportColor: '#6fb8a0', roofTexture: 'CeramicLight', assetTheme: 'Coastal Light'
  },
  'Cartoon': {
    label: 'Cartoon — bold primaries',
    buildings: { resid: '#f2b8b0', educ: '#b9d6f5', worship: '#f4e2a8', commerc: '#f6c98f', health: '#f3b9cf', sport: '#aee0c4', green: '#aef0bf', civic: '#d8c2ee', industr: '#c2cad2', default: '#f0cfa0' },
    facades: ['CoastalWhite', 'MediterraneanStucco', 'UrbanE', 'CampusGlass'],
    roadColor: '#4a4540', islandColor: '#fbe7c6', terrainSideColor: '#d9b98a', terrainOutsideColor: '#fdf1da', parkColor: '#5fbf57', sportColor: '#4fae87', roofTexture: 'TurkishTile', assetTheme: 'Modern Urban'
  },
  'Pixar': {
    label: 'Pixar — warm & friendly',
    buildings: { resid: '#f0d9bf', educ: '#cdd9e8', worship: '#e3d3c0', commerc: '#f2c7a0', health: '#ecd0d2', sport: '#bcd6cf', green: '#c9ecc4', civic: '#ddd0c6', industr: '#c2b9ab', default: '#ead8c0' },
    facades: ['MediterraneanStucco', 'CoastalWhite', 'CivicStone', 'UrbanE'],
    roadColor: '#6f655c', islandColor: '#ecdcc2', terrainSideColor: '#c9a981', terrainOutsideColor: '#f4ead6', parkColor: '#7bb069', sportColor: '#6aa085', roofTexture: 'RoofA', assetTheme: 'Mediterranean'
  },
  'Futuristic City': {
    label: 'Futuristic — neon & glass',
    buildings: { resid: '#9fc7d6', educ: '#a6b8e0', worship: '#b6a6e0', commerc: '#8fd6cf', health: '#c0a6d6', sport: '#8fb0e0', green: '#9fe0c4', civic: '#aab6e0', industr: '#8a96a8', default: '#9fc0d6' },
    facades: ['CampusGlass', 'UrbanE', 'CoastalWhite', 'CivicStone'],
    roadColor: '#1a1d24', islandColor: '#2b3038', terrainSideColor: '#1f2730', terrainOutsideColor: '#2a3340', parkColor: '#2f9e7e', sportColor: '#2f8eae', roofTexture: 'SolarRoof', assetTheme: 'Dense Urban'
  },
  'Classic Era': {
    label: 'Classic era — vintage sepia',
    buildings: { resid: '#cdb89a', educ: '#c3b194', worship: '#d2c0a0', commerc: '#c0ac8c', health: '#cdbca0', sport: '#b8a888', green: '#b9c79a', civic: '#c8b694', industr: '#ab9c80', default: '#c4b292' },
    facades: ['CivicStone', 'MediterraneanStucco', 'CoastalWhite', 'UrbanE'],
    roadColor: '#6b6052', islandColor: '#d8c8a8', terrainSideColor: '#b89c72', terrainOutsideColor: '#e4d6b8', parkColor: '#8a9560', sportColor: '#7a8550', roofTexture: 'TurkishTile', assetTheme: 'Civic Heritage'
  }
};

const assetThemePresets = {
  'Modern Urban': {
    pedestrians: ['Commuter', 'Urban Casual', 'Office', 'Student', 'Evening'],
    cars: ['Graphite', 'Slate', 'Teal', 'White', 'Navy', 'Silver'],
    trees: ['Street Linden', 'Plane', 'Compact Maple', 'Columnar', 'Broadleaf', 'Pine', 'Olive', 'Cypress'],
    lights: ['Modern Arc', 'Dual Head', 'Slim Post', 'Bollard Path', 'Classic Post'],
    benches: ['Wood Plank', 'Concrete Slab', 'Curved Metal', 'Slim Urban', 'Stone Seat'],
    bins: ['Square Box', 'Dual Recycle', 'Cylinder', 'Compact', 'Solar Compactor'],
    busstops: ['Glass Shelter', 'Minimal Canopy', 'Steel Canopy', 'Wood Cabin', 'Compact Marker'],
    facades: ['ResidentialA', 'ResidentialB', 'ResidentialC', 'ResidentialD', 'ResidentialE', 'ResidentialF'],
    roofs: ['USShingle', 'StandingSeam', 'GermanTile', 'RoofD', 'RoofB'],
    paving: ['Asphalt', 'StoneA', 'Cobble', 'Concrete', 'PlazaGranite']
  },
  'Modern Turkish': {
    pedestrians: ['Commuter', 'Urban Casual', 'Office', 'Student', 'Visitor'],
    cars: ['White', 'Graphite', 'Silver', 'Navy', 'Slate', 'Burgundy'],
    trees: ['Plane', 'Street Linden', 'Compact Maple', 'Columnar', 'Olive', 'Cypress', 'Jacaranda', 'Pine'],
    lights: ['Modern Arc', 'Slim Post', 'Dual Head', 'Classic Post'],
    benches: ['Wood Plank', 'Concrete Slab', 'Slim Urban', 'Stone Seat'],
    bins: ['Square Box', 'Dual Recycle', 'Cylinder', 'Compact'],
    busstops: ['Glass Shelter', 'Steel Canopy', 'Minimal Canopy', 'Compact Marker'],
    facades: ['MediterraneanStucco', 'CoastalWhite', 'UrbanB', 'UrbanD'],
    roofs: ['TurkishTile', 'CeramicLight', 'StandingSeam', 'RoofA'],
    paving: ['Concrete', 'StoneA', 'WarmStone', 'Asphalt', 'PlazaGranite']
  },
  Mediterranean: {
    pedestrians: ['Casual Linen', 'Warm Neutral', 'Student', 'Visitor'],
    cars: ['Ivory', 'Terracotta', 'Olive', 'Slate', 'Sand'],
    trees: ['Olive', 'Cypress', 'Plane', 'Palm', 'Jacaranda', 'Broadleaf', 'Compact Maple', 'Street Linden'],
    lights: ['Classic Post', 'Slim Post', 'Heritage Lantern', 'Modern Arc'],
    benches: ['Wood Plank', 'Curved Metal', 'Stone Seat', 'Classic Iron'],
    bins: ['Cylinder', 'Square Box', 'Dual Recycle', 'Compact'],
    busstops: ['Minimal Canopy', 'Wood Cabin', 'Glass Shelter', 'Compact Marker'],
    facades: ['MediterraneanStucco', 'UrbanB', 'UrbanD', 'CoastalWhite'],
    roofs: ['TurkishTile', 'CeramicLight', 'GermanTile', 'RoofA'],
    paving: ['StoneA', 'WarmStone', 'Cobble', 'Concrete']
  },
  Campus: {
    pedestrians: ['Student', 'Academic', 'Sport', 'Visitor'],
    cars: ['Slate', 'Navy', 'White', 'Graphite', 'Silver'],
    trees: ['Plane', 'Pine', 'Compact Maple', 'Street Linden', 'Broadleaf', 'Columnar', 'Olive', 'Cypress'],
    lights: ['Slim Post', 'Campus Twin', 'Modern Arc', 'Dual Head'],
    benches: ['Wood Plank', 'Concrete Slab', 'Slim Urban', 'Eco Timber'],
    bins: ['Dual Recycle', 'Square Box', 'Compact', 'Solar Compactor'],
    busstops: ['Glass Shelter', 'Minimal Canopy', 'Steel Canopy'],
    facades: ['CampusGlass', 'UrbanC', 'UrbanA', 'UrbanB'],
    roofs: ['RoofA', 'RoofC', 'USShingle', 'SolarRoof'],
    paving: ['Concrete', 'CampusPaver', 'StoneA', 'Asphalt']
  },
  Eco: {
    pedestrians: ['Outdoor', 'Casual Green', 'Student', 'Visitor'],
    cars: ['Teal', 'Olive', 'White', 'Slate', 'Moss'],
    trees: ['Broadleaf', 'Pine', 'Street Linden', 'Compact Maple', 'Olive', 'Jacaranda', 'Cypress', 'Plane'],
    lights: ['Slim Post', 'Bollard Path', 'Modern Arc', 'Classic Post'],
    benches: ['Eco Timber', 'Wood Plank', 'Stone Seat', 'Concrete Slab'],
    bins: ['Dual Recycle', 'Compact', 'Cylinder', 'Solar Compactor'],
    busstops: ['Wood Cabin', 'Minimal Canopy', 'Glass Shelter'],
    facades: ['EcoTimber', 'UrbanD', 'UrbanB', 'UrbanA'],
    roofs: ['GreenRoof', 'SolarRoof', 'RoofA', 'TurkishTile'],
    paving: ['Permeable', 'Cobble', 'StoneA', 'Concrete']
  },
  'Dense Urban': {
    pedestrians: ['Commuter', 'Office', 'Evening', 'Urban Casual', 'Visitor'],
    cars: ['Graphite', 'Black', 'Navy', 'White', 'Slate', 'Burgundy'],
    trees: ['Columnar', 'Compact Maple', 'Street Linden', 'Plane', 'Broadleaf', 'Pine', 'Olive', 'Cypress'],
    lights: ['Dual Head', 'Modern Arc', 'Slim Post', 'Bollard Path'],
    benches: ['Concrete Slab', 'Curved Metal', 'Slim Urban', 'Stone Seat'],
    bins: ['Square Box', 'Compact', 'Dual Recycle', 'Solar Compactor'],
    busstops: ['Glass Shelter', 'Steel Canopy', 'Minimal Canopy', 'Compact Marker'],
    facades: ['DenseBrick', 'UrbanA', 'UrbanC', 'UrbanD'],
    roofs: ['StandingSeam', 'RoofA', 'RoofB', 'USShingle'],
    paving: ['Asphalt', 'Concrete', 'Grid', 'PlazaGranite']
  },
  'Civic Heritage': {
    pedestrians: ['Visitor', 'Academic', 'Warm Neutral', 'Commuter'],
    cars: ['Graphite', 'Ivory', 'Slate', 'Burgundy', 'Black'],
    trees: ['Plane', 'Cypress', 'Street Linden', 'Columnar', 'Olive', 'Broadleaf', 'Jacaranda', 'Pine'],
    lights: ['Heritage Lantern', 'Classic Post', 'Slim Post', 'Bollard Path'],
    benches: ['Classic Iron', 'Stone Seat', 'Wood Plank', 'Concrete Slab'],
    bins: ['Cylinder', 'Square Box', 'Dual Recycle', 'Compact'],
    busstops: ['Steel Canopy', 'Glass Shelter', 'Minimal Canopy'],
    facades: ['CivicStone', 'MediterraneanStucco', 'UrbanB', 'UrbanC'],
    roofs: ['GermanTile', 'CeramicLight', 'TurkishTile', 'StandingSeam'],
    paving: ['WarmStone', 'StoneA', 'Cobble', 'PlazaGranite']
  },
  'Coastal Light': {
    pedestrians: ['Casual Linen', 'Visitor', 'Student', 'Outdoor'],
    cars: ['White', 'Ivory', 'Teal', 'Sand', 'Slate'],
    trees: ['Palm', 'Plane', 'Olive', 'Broadleaf', 'Jacaranda', 'Street Linden', 'Compact Maple', 'Cypress'],
    lights: ['Slim Post', 'Modern Arc', 'Bollard Path', 'Classic Post'],
    benches: ['Wood Plank', 'Eco Timber', 'Stone Seat', 'Slim Urban'],
    bins: ['Cylinder', 'Dual Recycle', 'Compact', 'Square Box'],
    busstops: ['Minimal Canopy', 'Glass Shelter', 'Wood Cabin'],
    facades: ['CoastalWhite', 'MediterraneanStucco', 'UrbanD', 'CampusGlass'],
    roofs: ['CeramicLight', 'RoofA', 'SolarRoof', 'TurkishTile'],
    paving: ['WarmStone', 'Permeable', 'StoneA', 'Concrete']
  }
};

const namedAssetColors = {
  Graphite: 0x1f2937, Slate: 0x475569, Teal: 0x0f766e, White: 0xe5e7eb, Navy: 0x1d4ed8,
  Ivory: 0xf8f1df, Terracotta: 0x9f5b3f, Olive: 0x556b2f, Black: 0x111827,
  Silver: 0xcbd5e1, Sand: 0xd8c3a5, Moss: 0x3f6212, Burgundy: 0x7f1d1d,
  Commuter: 0x334155, 'Urban Casual': 0x475569, Office: 0x1f2937, Student: 0x0f766e,
  Evening: 0x374151, 'Casual Linen': 0xd8c3a5, 'Warm Neutral': 0x8b6f47, Visitor: 0x64748b,
  Academic: 0x243044, Sport: 0x2563eb, Outdoor: 0x365314, 'Casual Green': 0x15803d,
  Broadleaf: 0x2f7d32, Pine: 0x1f5f3a, 'Street Linden': 0x3f8f3b, Plane: 0x4b9c45,
  'Compact Maple': 0x5a8f35, Columnar: 0x2c6e3f, Cypress: 0x174d32, Palm: 0x3d8b44,
  Olive: 0x667a2d, Jacaranda: 0x3f7f46
};

const TREE_VARIANT_CATALOG = ['Street Linden', 'Plane', 'Compact Maple', 'Columnar', 'Olive', 'Cypress', 'Palm', 'Jacaranda', 'Pine', 'Broadleaf'];
const TREE_PROFILE_DEFAULT = { shape: 'round', trunkRatio: 0.22, crownWidth: 0.46, crownHeight: 0.72, crownLift: 0.36, crownEmbed: 0.08 };
const TREE_VARIANT_PROFILES = {
  'Street Linden': { shape: 'linden', trunkRatio: 0.23, crownWidth: 0.44, crownHeight: 0.74, crownLift: 0.34, crownEmbed: 0.08 },
  Plane: { shape: 'plane', trunkRatio: 0.21, crownWidth: 0.52, crownHeight: 0.68, crownLift: 0.33, crownEmbed: 0.09 },
  'Compact Maple': { shape: 'compact', trunkRatio: 0.2, crownWidth: 0.45, crownHeight: 0.69, crownLift: 0.36, crownEmbed: 0.08 },
  Columnar: { shape: 'columnar', trunkRatio: 0.24, crownWidth: 0.29, crownHeight: 0.92, crownLift: 0.4, crownEmbed: 0.14 },
  Olive: { shape: 'olive', trunkRatio: 0.23, crownWidth: 0.43, crownHeight: 0.62, crownLift: 0.33, crownEmbed: 0.09 },
  Cypress: { shape: 'cypress', trunkRatio: 0.26, crownWidth: 0.25, crownHeight: 1.02, crownLift: 0.46, crownEmbed: 0.2 },
  Palm: { shape: 'palm', trunkRatio: 0.45, crownWidth: 0.35, crownHeight: 0.48, crownLift: 0.55, crownEmbed: 0.06 },
  Jacaranda: { shape: 'jacaranda', trunkRatio: 0.2, crownWidth: 0.52, crownHeight: 0.7, crownLift: 0.31, crownEmbed: 0.08 },
  Pine: { shape: 'pine', trunkRatio: 0.28, crownWidth: 0.32, crownHeight: 1.0, crownLift: 0.47, crownEmbed: 0.18 },
  Broadleaf: { shape: 'broadleaf', trunkRatio: 0.22, crownWidth: 0.5, crownHeight: 0.76, crownLift: 0.34, crownEmbed: 0.09 }
};
const treeLeafTextureCache = new Map();

function activeAssetTheme() {
  const name = settings.assetTheme || projectManifest?.assetTheme || 'Modern Urban';
  return assetThemePresets[name] ? name : 'Modern Urban';
}

function assetPoolVariants(category) {
  const fromManifest = settings.assetTheme === projectManifest?.assetTheme ? projectManifest?.assetPools?.[category]?.variants : null;
  if (Array.isArray(fromManifest) && fromManifest.length) return fromManifest;
  return assetThemePresets[activeAssetTheme()]?.[category] || assetThemePresets['Modern Urban'][category] || [];
}

function firstAssetVariant(category, fallback) {
  const variants = assetPoolVariants(category);
  return variants.length ? variants[0] : fallback;
}

function applyThemeDefaultsToSettings(resetFunctionFacades = true) {
  settings.lightStyle = firstAssetVariant('lights', settings.lightStyle);
  settings.benchStyle = firstAssetVariant('benches', settings.benchStyle);
  settings.binStyle = firstAssetVariant('bins', settings.binStyle);
  settings.stopStyle = firstAssetVariant('busstops', settings.stopStyle);
  const roof = firstAssetVariant('roofs', settings.roofTexture);
  if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(textureSets.roof, roof)) settings.roofTexture = roof;
  const paving = firstAssetVariant('paving', settings.pavementStyle);
  if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(textureSets.pavement, paving)) settings.pavementStyle = paving;
  if (resetFunctionFacades) {
    const facades = facadeSeedPool(assetPoolVariants('facades'));
    Object.keys(functionFacadeState).forEach((key, index) => {
      const facade = normalizeFacadeKey(facades[index % Math.max(1, facades.length)] || functionFacadeState[key]);
      functionFacadeState[key] = facade;
      if (functionBuildingStyleState[key]) functionBuildingStyleState[key].facade = facade;
    });
    saveFunctionBuildingStyles();
  }
}

function activeColorTheme() {
  return COLOR_THEMES[settings.colorTheme] || COLOR_THEMES[DEFAULT_COLOR_THEME];
}

// Apply an easy colour theme to the scene settings (content colours only — never
// the UI chrome). Per-function building colours/roofs are reseeded.
//
// `preferManifest` decides who wins when the export's manifest also carries a
// colour. On load that must be the manifest (builder._THEMES is authoritative:
// the theme picked in QGIS is what the user asked for). On an explicit *live*
// switch it must be the theme — the manifest was written for whichever theme was
// exported, so letting it win meant every runtime theme change silently kept the
// old roads, base and greens. `assetTheme` lets a caller pin a different asset
// set than the theme's own, and is applied before the asset-driven reseed so the
// paving/facade/furniture defaults come from the right pool.
function applyColorTheme(name, { preferManifest = true, assetTheme = null } = {}) {
  const theme = COLOR_THEMES[name] || COLOR_THEMES[DEFAULT_COLOR_THEME];
  settings.colorTheme = COLOR_THEMES[name] ? name : DEFAULT_COLOR_THEME;
  const vd = (typeof projectManifest !== 'undefined' && projectManifest) ? (projectManifest.viewerDefaults || {}) : {};
  const pick = (key) => (preferManifest && vd[key] != null ? vd[key] : (theme[key] != null ? theme[key] : vd[key]));
  settings.roadColor = pick('roadColor') || settings.roadColor;
  settings.islandColor = pick('islandColor') || settings.islandColor;
  settings.terrainSideColor = pick('terrainSideColor') || settings.terrainSideColor;
  settings.terrainOutsideColor = pick('terrainOutsideColor') || settings.terrainOutsideColor;
  settings.parkColor = pick('parkColor') || settings.parkColor;
  settings.sportColor = pick('sportColor') || settings.sportColor;
  const at = (assetTheme && assetThemePresets[assetTheme]) ? assetTheme : pick('assetTheme');
  if (at && assetThemePresets[at]) settings.assetTheme = at;
  applyThemeDefaultsToSettings(true); // reseed facades/paving/furniture from the asset theme
  const rt = pick('roofTexture'); // set roof AFTER the asset-theme reseed so it wins
  if (rt && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(textureSets.roof, rt)) settings.roofTexture = rt;
  // Reseed per-function building colour, roof and wall.
  const themeFacades = facadeSeedPool(theme.facades);
  Object.keys(functionBuildingStyleState).forEach((fn, index) => {
    const st = functionBuildingStyleState[fn];
    if (!st) return;
    st.color = getSemanticColor(fn);
    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(textureSets.roof, settings.roofTexture)) st.roofTexture = settings.roofTexture;
    if (themeFacades.length) {
      const facade = normalizeFacadeKey(themeFacades[index % themeFacades.length]);
      st.facade = facade;
      functionFacadeState[fn] = facade;
    }
  });
  saveFunctionBuildingStyles();
}

// On export load, adopt the manifest's colour theme when it is new (so a theme
// chosen in QGIS wins), but keep the user's Style-dock tweaks when re-opening the
// same theme.
function maybeApplyColorThemeFromManifest(persisted) {
  const mTheme = (typeof projectManifest !== 'undefined' && projectManifest) ? (projectManifest.viewerDefaults || {}).colorTheme : null;
  if (!mTheme || !COLOR_THEMES[mTheme]) return;
  if (persisted && persisted.colorTheme === mTheme) return;
  // A curated look picked in the viewer is an explicit, deliberate choice, so it
  // survives a reload. The manifest's theme only wins over an export the user
  // has not restyled — otherwise every reload would throw the look away.
  const storedLook = (persisted && persisted.activeLook) || settings.activeLook;
  if (storedLook && getLook(storedLook)) return;
  applyColorTheme(mTheme);
  settings.activeLook = '';
}

// The per-function building styles (colour, roof, facade) persist under their
// own localStorage key, independent of the colour theme, so the two can drift
// apart: reopening an export after the theme moved on left every building
// painted in the previous theme's colours with its roofs, which is what the
// user actually sees. Reseed only when *nothing* matches the active theme any
// more — a partial match means the user edited a function on purpose and that
// edit must survive.
function reconcileFunctionStylesWithTheme() {
  const keys = Object.keys(functionBuildingStyleState);
  if (!keys.length) return false;
  const hex = (value) => String(value || '').trim().toLowerCase();
  const stillMatches = keys.some((fn) => hex(functionBuildingStyleState[fn]?.color) === hex(getSemanticColor(fn)));
  if (stillMatches) return false;
  keys.forEach((fn) => {
    const style = functionBuildingStyleState[fn];
    if (!style) return;
    style.color = getSemanticColor(fn);
    style.roofShape = roofShapeValue(settings.roofShape, style.roofShape);
    style.roofHeight = settings.roofHeight;
    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(textureSets.roof, settings.roofTexture)) {
      style.roofTexture = settings.roofTexture;
    }
    functionColorState[fn] = style.color;
  });
  saveFunctionBuildingStyles();
  return true;
}

function assetColor(name, fallback = 0x64748b) {
  return namedAssetColors[name] ?? fallback;
}

function uniqueAssetVariants(category, fallback = []) {
  const values = [];
  const add = (items) => {
    for (const item of items || []) {
      if (item && !values.includes(item)) values.push(item);
    }
  };
  add(fallback);
  Object.values(assetThemePresets).forEach((preset) => add(preset[category]));
  return values;
}

function turkishFacadeMatch(key) {
  return /^Urban_TR_([A-F])(?:_(\d{1,2}))?$/i.exec(String(key || ''));
}

function normalizeFacadeKey(key) {
  const raw = String(key || '').trim();
  if (!raw) return 'UrbanA';
  const exact = Object.keys(textureSets.facade).find((name) => name.toLowerCase() === raw.toLowerCase());
  if (exact) return exact;
  const tr = turkishFacadeMatch(raw);
  if (tr) {
    const normalized = `Urban_TR_${tr[1].toUpperCase()}`;
    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(textureSets.facade, normalized)) return normalized;
  }
  // Legacy fallback: keep the scene drawable even when stored facade keys are stale.
  return 'UrbanA';
}

function resolveFacadeForLevels(key) {
  const normalized = normalizeFacadeKey(key);
  const match = turkishFacadeMatch(normalized);
  if (!match) return normalized;
  const type = match[1].toUpperCase();
  return `Urban_TR_${type}`;
}

function isTurkishFacadeFamily(key) {
  return !!turkishFacadeMatch(key);
}

function facadeTextureFloorRows(_key, fallback = 10) {
  return fallback;
}

function drawWindowedFacade(ctx, size, palette, opts) {
  const floors = Math.max(3, opts.floorRows | 0);
  const cols = Math.max(2, opts.windowCols | 0);
  const groundShop = !!opts.groundShop;
  const aspect = Math.max(0.2, Math.min(1, opts.windowAspect || 0.6));
  const accent = opts.accent || palette[1];
  const frame = opts.windowFrameColor || palette[1];
  const glassPattern = opts.glassPattern || 'uniform';
  const columnPattern = opts.columnPattern || 'flat';

  ctx.fillStyle = palette[0];
  ctx.fillRect(0, 0, size, size);

  if (columnPattern === 'brick') {
    const brickH = 8;
    const brickW = 22;
    for (let y = 0; y < size; y += brickH) {
      const offset = ((y / brickH) % 2) * (brickW * 0.5);
      for (let x = -brickW; x < size + brickW; x += brickW) {
        ctx.fillStyle = ((x + y) % 7 === 0) ? palette[2] : palette[0];
        ctx.fillRect(x + offset, y, brickW - 1, brickH - 1);
        ctx.strokeStyle = `${accent}aa`;
        ctx.lineWidth = 0.6;
        ctx.strokeRect(x + offset + 0.5, y + 0.5, brickW - 1, brickH - 1);
      }
    }
  } else if (columnPattern === 'timber') {
    const plankW = size / cols;
    for (let c = 0; c < cols; c++) {
      const grad = ctx.createLinearGradient(c * plankW, 0, c * plankW + plankW, 0);
      grad.addColorStop(0, palette[0]);
      grad.addColorStop(0.5, palette[2]);
      grad.addColorStop(1, palette[0]);
      ctx.fillStyle = grad;
      ctx.fillRect(c * plankW, 0, plankW, size);
      ctx.strokeStyle = `${accent}66`;
      ctx.lineWidth = 0.8;
      ctx.beginPath();
      ctx.moveTo(c * plankW, 0);
      ctx.lineTo(c * plankW, size);
      ctx.stroke();
    }
  } else if (columnPattern === 'pilaster') {
    const pilW = (size / cols) * 0.18;
    for (let c = 0; c <= cols; c++) {
      const x = c * (size / cols) - pilW * 0.5;
      const grad = ctx.createLinearGradient(x, 0, x + pilW, 0);
      grad.addColorStop(0, accent);
      grad.addColorStop(0.5, palette[2]);
      grad.addColorStop(1, accent);
      ctx.fillStyle = grad;
      ctx.fillRect(x, 0, pilW, size);
    }
  }

  const groundH = groundShop ? (size / (floors + 1)) * 1.6 : 0;
  const upperArea = size - groundH;
  const floorH = upperArea / floors;
  const colW = size / cols;

  ctx.strokeStyle = `${accent}99`;
  ctx.lineWidth = opts.floorLineWidth || 1.2;
  for (let f = 0; f <= floors; f++) {
    const y = groundH + f * floorH;
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.moveTo(0, y);
    ctx.lineTo(size, y);
    ctx.stroke();
  }

  for (let f = 0; f < floors; f++) {
    const yTop = groundH + f * floorH;
    for (let c = 0; c < cols; c++) {
      const xLeft = c * colW;
      const padX = colW * (1 - aspect) * 0.5;
      const padY = floorH * 0.18;
      const wx = xLeft + padX;
      const wy = yTop + padY;
      const ww = colW - padX * 2;
      const wh = floorH - padY * 2;
      ctx.fillStyle = frame;
      ctx.fillRect(wx - 1, wy - 1, ww + 2, wh + 2);
      if (glassPattern === 'horizontal-bands') {
        const grad = ctx.createLinearGradient(wx, wy, wx, wy + wh);
        grad.addColorStop(0, palette[2]);
        grad.addColorStop(0.45, accent);
        grad.addColorStop(0.55, palette[2]);
        grad.addColorStop(1, accent);
        ctx.fillStyle = grad;
        ctx.fillRect(wx, wy, ww, wh);
      } else if (glassPattern === 'striped') {
        const grad = ctx.createLinearGradient(wx, wy, wx + ww, wy);
        grad.addColorStop(0, palette[2]);
        grad.addColorStop(1, accent);
        ctx.fillStyle = grad;
        ctx.fillRect(wx, wy, ww, wh);
        ctx.strokeStyle = `${frame}66`;
        ctx.lineWidth = 0.6;
        ctx.beginPath();
        ctx.moveTo(wx + ww / 2, wy);
        ctx.lineTo(wx + ww / 2, wy + wh);
        ctx.stroke();
      } else if (glassPattern === 'shutters') {
        const half = ww * 0.5;
        ctx.fillStyle = palette[2];
        ctx.fillRect(wx, wy, ww, wh);
        ctx.fillStyle = accent;
        ctx.fillRect(wx, wy, half * 0.42, wh);
        ctx.fillRect(wx + ww - half * 0.42, wy, half * 0.42, wh);
        ctx.strokeStyle = `${frame}88`;
        ctx.lineWidth = 0.5;
        for (let s = 1; s < 4; s++) {
          const sy = wy + (wh / 4) * s;
          ctx.beginPath();
          ctx.moveTo(wx, sy);
          ctx.lineTo(wx + ww, sy);
          ctx.stroke();
        }
      } else {
        const grad = ctx.createLinearGradient(wx, wy, wx + ww, wy + wh);
        grad.addColorStop(0, palette[2]);
        grad.addColorStop(1, accent);
        ctx.fillStyle = grad;
        ctx.fillRect(wx, wy, ww, wh);
      }
    }
  }

  if (groundShop && groundH > 0) {
    ctx.fillStyle = accent;
    ctx.fillRect(0, 0, size, groundH);
    const bay = size / Math.max(2, Math.floor(cols * 1.2));
    for (let i = 0; i < size; i += bay) {
      const bw = bay * 0.85;
      const bh = groundH * 0.78;
      const bx = i + (bay - bw) * 0.5;
      const by = (groundH - bh) * 0.5;
      const grad = ctx.createLinearGradient(bx, by, bx, by + bh);
      grad.addColorStop(0, palette[2]);
      grad.addColorStop(1, palette[0]);
      ctx.fillStyle = grad;
      ctx.fillRect(bx, by, bw, bh);
      ctx.strokeStyle = `${frame}cc`;
      ctx.lineWidth = 1.2;
      ctx.strokeRect(bx + 0.5, by + 0.5, bw, bh);
    }
    ctx.strokeStyle = `${accent}cc`;
    ctx.lineWidth = 1.6;
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.moveTo(0, groundH);
    ctx.lineTo(size, groundH);
    ctx.stroke();
  }

  for (let i = 0; i < 360; i++) {
    const v = 130 + Math.floor(Math.random() * 80);
    ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(${v},${v},${v},0.05)`;
    ctx.fillRect(Math.random() * size, Math.random() * size, 1, 1);
  }
}

const FACADE_RECIPES = {
  CampusGlass:         { floorRows: 14, windowCols: 5, groundShop: true,  windowAspect: 0.82, glassPattern: 'horizontal-bands', columnPattern: 'flat',     accent: '#3d6b85' },
  EcoTimber:           { floorRows: 10, windowCols: 4, groundShop: true,  windowAspect: 0.55, glassPattern: 'uniform',          columnPattern: 'timber',   accent: '#6b4a2a' },
  CivicStone:          { floorRows: 12, windowCols: 5, groundShop: false, windowAspect: 0.35, glassPattern: 'shutters',         columnPattern: 'pilaster', accent: '#8a7a62' },
  DenseBrick:          { floorRows: 11, windowCols: 6, groundShop: true,  windowAspect: 0.62, glassPattern: 'uniform',          columnPattern: 'brick',    accent: '#4a1f15' },
  CoastalWhite:        { floorRows:  9, windowCols: 3, groundShop: true,  windowAspect: 0.95, glassPattern: 'striped',          columnPattern: 'flat',     accent: '#bcd1dc' },
  MediterraneanStucco: { floorRows: 10, windowCols: 4, groundShop: true,  windowAspect: 0.50, glassPattern: 'shutters',         columnPattern: 'flat',     accent: '#a05a3c' },
  UrbanE:              { floorRows: 13, windowCols: 6, groundShop: true,  windowAspect: 0.78, glassPattern: 'horizontal-bands', columnPattern: 'flat',     accent: '#2f3e52' }
};

function proceduralTextureCanvas(name, size = 256) {
  const c = document.createElement('canvas');
  c.width = size;
  c.height = size;
  const ctx = c.getContext('2d');
  const palette = {
    StoneB: ['#d7d0c2', '#b8ad9c', '#efe8d8'],
    Concrete: ['#bfc4c9', '#9da5ad', '#d8dde1'],
    Cobble: ['#a99f90', '#7f7468', '#c8bdad'],
    WarmStone: ['#d8c7a6', '#b99d72', '#f2e4c8'],
    CampusPaver: ['#c6cbd0', '#8e98a3', '#e5e7eb'],
    Permeable: ['#9db489', '#657b57', '#cbd9bf'],
    PlazaGranite: ['#c8cdd2', '#8d949c', '#eef1f3'],
    Tile: ['#d7d3c9', '#8f8a80', '#f4f0e7'],
    Grid: ['#dbeafe', '#64748b', '#f8fafc'],
    SharedStreet: ['#3a3f44', '#6b7280', '#eef2f7'],
    UrbanE: ['#d8dee7', '#536171', '#f3f6f9'],
    CampusGlass: ['#a9d6e8', '#2f5f73', '#e8f6fb'],
    EcoTimber: ['#9a6b3a', '#4f3824', '#d5b07c'],
    CivicStone: ['#c8c2b6', '#7c7468', '#eee8dd'],
    DenseBrick: ['#8f3f2d', '#55261d', '#c2694f'],
    CoastalWhite: ['#f5f1e8', '#92a7b4', '#ffffff'],
    MediterraneanStucco: ['#ead8bd', '#b78b64', '#fff4df']
  }[name] || ['#cbd5e1', '#94a3b8', '#f8fafc'];

  ctx.fillStyle = palette[0];
  ctx.fillRect(0, 0, size, size);

  if (['StoneB', 'Cobble', 'WarmStone', 'PlazaGranite'].includes(name)) {
    const cell = name === 'Cobble' ? 26 : 34;
    for (let y = -cell; y < size + cell; y += cell) {
      const offset = ((y / cell) % 2) * (cell * 0.45);
      for (let x = -cell; x < size + cell; x += cell) {
        const w = cell * (0.75 + ((x + y) % 5) * 0.04);
        const h = cell * (0.58 + ((x - y) % 4) * 0.05);
        ctx.fillStyle = ((x + y) / cell) % 3 === 0 ? palette[2] : palette[0];
        ctx.fillRect(x + offset + 1, y + 1, w, h);
        ctx.strokeStyle = `${palette[1]}99`;
        ctx.strokeRect(x + offset + 1, y + 1, w, h);
      }
    }
  } else if (['Concrete', 'CampusPaver', 'Tile', 'Grid', 'SharedStreet'].includes(name)) {
    ctx.strokeStyle = `${palette[1]}88`;
    ctx.lineWidth = 1;
    const step = name === 'Grid' ? 16 : name === 'Tile' ? 32 : 42;
    for (let i = 0; i <= size; i += step) {
      ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(i, 0); ctx.lineTo(i, size); ctx.stroke();
      ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(0, i); ctx.lineTo(size, i); ctx.stroke();
    }
    for (let i = 0; i < 700; i++) {
      const v = 130 + Math.floor(Math.random() * 80);
      ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(${v},${v},${v},0.08)`;
      ctx.fillRect(Math.random() * size, Math.random() * size, 1.5, 1.5);
    }
  } else if (name === 'Permeable') {
    for (let y = 0; y < size; y += 20) {
      for (let x = 0; x < size; x += 20) {
        ctx.fillStyle = palette[(x + y) % 40 === 0 ? 2 : 0];
        ctx.fillRect(x + 1, y + 1, 18, 18);
        ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(54,83,20,0.28)';
        ctx.fillRect(x + 7, y + 7, 6, 6);
      }
    }
  } else {
    const isFacade = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(textureSets.facade, name);
    if (isFacade && FACADE_RECIPES[name]) {
      drawWindowedFacade(ctx, size, palette, FACADE_RECIPES[name]);
    } else {
      const cols = isFacade ? 6 : 10;
      const rows = isFacade ? 11 : 10;
      for (let r = 0; r < rows; r++) {
        for (let col = 0; col < cols; col++) {
          const x = (col / cols) * size;
          const y = (r / rows) * size;
          const w = size / cols;
          const h = size / rows;
          ctx.fillStyle = (r + col) % 3 === 0 ? palette[2] : palette[0];
          ctx.fillRect(x + 1, y + 1, w - 2, h - 2);
          ctx.strokeStyle = `${palette[1]}77`;
          ctx.strokeRect(x + 1, y + 1, w - 2, h - 2);
          if (isFacade && r % 2 === 0 && col % 2 === 0) {
            ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(50,80,100,0.18)';
            ctx.fillRect(x + w * 0.22, y + h * 0.28, w * 0.42, h * 0.32);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
  const t = new THREE.CanvasTexture(c);
  t.wrapS = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
  t.wrapT = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
  t.colorSpace = THREE.SRGBColorSpace;
  return t;
}

async function textureFromSet(setName, key, repeatX = 1, repeatY = 1) {
  const token = textureSets[setName]?.[key];
  if (!token) return null;
  if (typeof token === 'string' && (token.startsWith('assets/') || token.startsWith('http'))) {
    return loadTexture(token, repeatX, repeatY);
  }
  const tex = proceduralTextureCanvas(token || key);
  tex.repeat.set(repeatX, repeatY);
  tex.needsUpdate = true;
  return tex;
}

function propFirst(props, names) {
  if (!props) return null;
  const lowerMap = {};
  for (const key of Object.keys(props)) lowerMap[key.toLowerCase()] = key;
  for (const name of names) {
    const key = lowerMap[name.toLowerCase()];
    if (key && props[key] !== null && props[key] !== undefined && String(props[key]).trim() !== '') {
      return props[key];
    }
  }
  return null;
}

function normalizeHexColor(value, fallback = null) {
  if (value === null || value === undefined) return fallback;
  const raw = String(value).trim();
  if (!raw) return fallback;
  const withHash = raw.startsWith('#') ? raw : `#${raw}`;
  return /^#[0-9a-fA-F]{6}$/.test(withHash) ? withHash : fallback;
}

function presetValue(value, presetMap, fallback) {
  if (value === null || value === undefined) return fallback;
  const raw = String(value).trim();
  if (!raw) return fallback;
  const found = Object.keys(presetMap).find((key) => key.toLowerCase() === raw.toLowerCase());
  return found || fallback;
}

function roofShapeValue(value, fallback) {
  if (value === null || value === undefined) return fallback;
  const raw = String(value).trim();
  const normalized = raw.toLowerCase().replace(/[\s-]+/g, '_');
  const aliases = {
    cone: 'Pyramid', pyramid: 'Pyramid', pyramidal: 'Pyramid',
    prism: 'Hip', hip: 'Hip', hipped: 'Hip',
    gable: 'Gable', gabled: 'Gable',
    shed: 'Shed', skillion: 'Shed', lean_to: 'Shed',
    flat: 'Flat'
  };
  const candidate = aliases[normalized] || raw;
  return ROOF_SHAPE_OPTIONS.find((key) => key.toLowerCase() === candidate.toLowerCase()) || fallback;
}

function parseNumberProp(props, names, fallback = null) {
  let lookupNames = names;
  if (names.includes('population') || names.includes('pop')) {
    lookupNames = namesWithMapping('building_population_field', names);
  } else if (names.includes('vehicle') || names.includes('cars')) {
    lookupNames = namesWithMapping('building_vehicle_field', names);
  } else if (names.includes('gross_area') || names.includes('floor_area')) {
    lookupNames = namesWithMapping('building_floor_area_field', names);
  } else if (names.includes('dwellings') || names.includes('dwelling')) {
    lookupNames = namesWithMapping('building_dwelling_field', names);
  }
  const raw = propFirst(props || {}, lookupNames);
  if (raw === null || raw === undefined || raw === '') return fallback;
  const value = Number(String(raw).replace(',', '.'));
  return Number.isFinite(value) ? value : fallback;
}

function featureLabelText(props, names, fallback = '') {
  const value = propFirst(props || {}, names);
  return value === null || value === undefined ? fallback : String(value);
}

function mappedField(key) {
  return projectManifest?.fieldMappings?.[key] || null;
}

function namesWithMapping(mappingKey, fallbackNames) {
  const mapped = mappedField(mappingKey);
  return mapped ? [mapped, ...fallbackNames] : fallbackNames;
}

const OSM_BUILDING_CATEGORY = {
  apartments: 'Residential', residential: 'Residential', house: 'Residential', detached: 'Residential',
  terrace: 'Residential', semidetached_house: 'Residential', dormitory: 'Residential', bungalow: 'Residential',
  commercial: 'Commercial', retail: 'Commercial', supermarket: 'Commercial', kiosk: 'Commercial', office: 'Office',
  industrial: 'Industrial', warehouse: 'Industrial', manufacture: 'Industrial', hangar: 'Industrial',
  school: 'Education', university: 'Education', college: 'Education', kindergarten: 'Education',
  hospital: 'Health', clinic: 'Health',
  mosque: 'Worship', church: 'Worship', temple: 'Worship', synagogue: 'Worship', cathedral: 'Worship', chapel: 'Worship',
  public: 'Civic', civic: 'Civic', government: 'Civic', townhall: 'Civic',
  garage: 'Utility', garages: 'Utility', shed: 'Utility', hut: 'Utility', roof: 'Utility', carport: 'Utility',
};
function titleCaseWord(v) { v = String(v || ''); return v ? v.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + v.slice(1) : v; }
function buildingFunctionValue(props) {
  // OSM-native: read the `building` tag and map it to an English category.
  const raw = propFirst(props || {}, namesWithMapping('building_function_field', ['building', 'uipfonksiyon', 'fonksiyon', 'landuse', 'arazi_kull']));
  if (raw === null || raw === undefined || String(raw).trim() === '') return 'Building';
  const key = String(raw).trim().toLowerCase();
  if (OSM_BUILDING_CATEGORY[key]) return OSM_BUILDING_CATEGORY[key];
  return key === 'yes' ? 'Building' : titleCaseWord(key);
}

const settings = {
  sunElevation: 30,
  sunAzimuth: 30,
  fogDensity: 0.0003,
  mapOpacity: 1.0,
  floorHeight: 3.2,
  pavementStyle: 'Asphalt',
  showTerrainTexture: true,
  showOutsideRoiTerrain: true,
  terrainTextureOpacity: 1.0,
  terrainTextureBrightness: 1.0,
  terrainTextureContrast: 1.0,
  // Basemap underlay (a QGIS basemap rendered to an image, draped over the base).
  showBasemap: true,
  basemapOpacity: 0.85,
  basemapBlend: 'Normal',        // Normal | Multiply | Add | Screen | Difference
  basemapBrightness: 1.0,
  basemapContrast: 1.0,
  basemapSaturation: 1.0,
  basemapTint: '#ffffff',
  basemapElevation: 0.06,
  basemapReceiveShadow: true,
  terrainOutsideColor: '#edf2ef',
  terrainSmoothingPasses: 2,
  terrainSmoothingStrength: 0.45,
  terrainMaxSlope: 0.75,
  showTerrainSides: true,
  terrainSideDrop: 5.0,
  terrainSideColor: '#d9fbf5',
  islandColor: '#e5e7eb',
  islandTexture: 'None',
  parcelBoundaryColor: '#71717a',
  parcelBoundaryOpacity: 0.35,
  hardscapeStyle: 'Cobble',
  hardscapeHeight: 0.30,
  buildingMode: 'Extruded + roof',
  terrainAnalysisMode: 'Texture',
  assetTheme: 'Modern Urban',
  colorTheme: DEFAULT_COLOR_THEME,
  activeLook: '',
  showXyzTiles: false,
  xyzTileUrl: '',
  roofTexture: 'USShingle',
  roofShape: 'Pyramid',
  roofHeight: 2.0,
  roadStyle: 'Asphalt',
  roadColor: '#2f3438',
  roadColorMode: 'Default',
  roadWidth: 8.0,
  trafficSpeed: 1.0,
  showWindPlumes: false,
  windDirectionDeg: 315,
  windPlumeDistance: 180,
  showUrbanComfort: false,
  carDensity: 0.09,
  showIslands: true,
  showParcels: false,
  showHardscape: false,
  showBuildings: true,
  facadeTextureScale: FACADE_TEXTURE_SCALE_MULTIPLIER,
  showTrees: false,
  treeRenderMode: 'Stylized',
  treeRandomize: true,
  treeVariantCount: 8,
  treeHeightRandomExpr: '',
  showFurniture: false,
  showCars: false,
  showRoads: true,
  showSidewalks: true,
  showPedestrianPaths: true,
  showCrosswalks: false,
  showLights: false,
  lightStyle: 'Modern Arc',
  showBenches: false,
  benchStyle: 'Wood Plank',
  showBins: false,
  binStyle: 'Square Box',
  showBusStops: false,
  stopStyle: 'Glass Shelter',
  fastTerrainSegments: 120,
  demMeshQuality: 160,
  timeOfDay: 17,
  // SSAO is opt-in. It can darken large map-scale scenes substantially and must
  // never be switched merely because the pointer/camera became idle.
  enableSSAO: false,
  enableBloom: true,
  showPedestrians: false,
  pedestrianDensity: 0.5,
  weather: 'Clear',
  fov: 58,
  walkSpeed: 1.0,
  walkStature: 1.85,
  walkCollision: true,
  walkHeadBob: true,
  autoOrbit: false,
  autoOrbitSpeed: 0.3,
  autoTime: false,
  autoTimeSpeed: 2.0,
  flattenIslands: true,
  islandPlateauTransition: 6,
  islandTransparency: 0,
  dayOfYear: 172,
  latitude: 39.0,
  parkColor: '#5e9e3e',
  parkTexture: 'ParkGreen',
  sportColor: '#4a8c30',
  furnitureGroundOffset: 0.02,
  terrainTileMeters: 60,
  showFences: false,
  fenceHeight: 1.8,
  fenceThickness: 0.15,
  fenceTexture: 'wall',
  fenceColor: '#a1a1aa',
  showWaterlines: false,
  waterlineWidth: 3.0,
  showBikeLanes: false,
  showBikes: true,
  bikeLaneWidth: 2.4,
  bikeLaneColor: '#16a34a',
  bikeDensity: 0.1,
  bikeSpeed: 1.0,
  showRoadMarkings: true,
  showLedges: true,
  showStorefronts: true,
  buildingSetback: 0,
  ledgeProjection: 0.15,
  showZoningEnvelopes: false,
  highlightViolations: true,
  zoningSetback: 3.0,
  zoningMaxHeight: 40.0,
  activeTreeModel: 'default',
  activeLightModel: 'default',
  activeBenchModel: 'default',
  activeBinModel: 'default',
  activeBusStopModel: 'default',
  treeModelPool: [],
  treeElevation: 0,
  lightElevation: 0,
  benchElevation: 0,
  binElevation: 0,
  busstopElevation: 0,
  treeScaleX: 1.0,
  treeScaleY: 1.0,
  treeScaleZ: 1.0,
  lightScaleX: 1.0,
  lightScaleY: 1.0,
  lightScaleZ: 1.0,
  benchScaleX: 1.0,
  benchScaleY: 1.0,
  benchScaleZ: 1.0,
  binScaleX: 1.0,
  binScaleY: 1.0,
  binScaleZ: 1.0,
  busstopScaleX: 1.0,
  busstopScaleY: 1.0,
  busstopScaleZ: 1.0,
  lightRotation: 0,
  benchRotation: 0,
  binRotation: 0,
  busstopRotation: 0
};

const PERSISTED_SETTING_KEYS = [
  'islandColor', 'islandTexture', 'islandTransparency', 'parcelBoundaryColor', 'parcelBoundaryOpacity',
  'showTerrainTexture', 'showOutsideRoiTerrain', 'terrainTextureOpacity', 'terrainTextureBrightness', 'terrainTextureContrast',
  'showBasemap', 'basemapOpacity', 'basemapBlend', 'basemapBrightness', 'basemapContrast', 'basemapSaturation', 'basemapTint', 'basemapElevation', 'basemapReceiveShadow',
  'terrainOutsideColor', 'terrainSmoothingPasses', 'terrainSmoothingStrength', 'terrainMaxSlope',
  'showTerrainSides', 'terrainSideDrop', 'terrainSideColor',
  'fogDensity', 'autoTime', 'autoTimeSpeed', 'enableSSAO', 'enableBloom',
  'pavementStyle', 'hardscapeStyle', 'hardscapeHeight', 'buildingMode', 'facadeTextureScale', 'terrainAnalysisMode', 'showXyzTiles', 'xyzTileUrl',
  'assetTheme', 'colorTheme', 'activeLook',
  'floorHeight', 'roofTexture', 'roofShape', 'roofHeight', 'roadStyle', 'roadColor', 'roadColorMode', 'roadWidth',
  'showLights', 'lightStyle', 'showBenches', 'benchStyle', 'showBins', 'binStyle', 'showBusStops', 'stopStyle',
  'showIslands', 'showParcels', 'showHardscape', 'showBuildings', 'showTrees', 'showFurniture',
  'treeElevation', 'lightElevation', 'benchElevation', 'binElevation', 'busstopElevation',
  'treeScaleX', 'treeScaleY', 'treeScaleZ', 'lightScaleX', 'lightScaleY', 'lightScaleZ',
  'benchScaleX', 'benchScaleY', 'benchScaleZ', 'binScaleX', 'binScaleY', 'binScaleZ',
  'busstopScaleX', 'busstopScaleY', 'busstopScaleZ',
  'lightRotation', 'benchRotation', 'binRotation', 'busstopRotation',
  'treeRenderMode', 'treeRandomize', 'treeVariantCount', 'treeHeightRandomExpr',
  'showCars', 'showRoads', 'showSidewalks', 'showPedestrianPaths', 'showCrosswalks', 'showPedestrians',
  'showWindPlumes', 'windDirectionDeg', 'windPlumeDistance', 'showUrbanComfort',
  'demMeshQuality', 'timeOfDay', 'weather', 'fov', 'walkSpeed', 'walkStature', 'walkCollision', 'walkHeadBob',
  'flattenIslands', 'islandPlateauTransition',
  'dayOfYear', 'latitude',
  'parkColor', 'parkTexture', 'sportColor',
  'terrainTileMeters',
  'showFences', 'fenceHeight', 'fenceThickness', 'fenceTexture', 'fenceColor',
  'showWaterlines', 'waterlineWidth',
  'showBikeLanes', 'showBikes', 'bikeLaneWidth', 'bikeLaneColor', 'bikeDensity', 'bikeSpeed',
  'showRoadMarkings', 'showLedges', 'showStorefronts', 'buildingSetback', 'ledgeProjection',
  'showZoningEnvelopes', 'highlightViolations', 'zoningSetback', 'zoningMaxHeight',
  'activeTreeModel', 'activeLightModel', 'activeBenchModel', 'activeBinModel', 'activeBusStopModel',
  'treeModelPool'
];

function loadPersistedSettings() {
  if (isPortableMode) {
    console.log('PlanX Portable Mode: localStorage settings reading disabled.');
    return;
  }
  try {
    const raw = localStorage.getItem('planx_3d_city_settings');
    if (!raw) return;
    const saved = JSON.parse(raw);
    const schemaVersion = Number(saved._schemaVersion || 0);
    for (const key of PERSISTED_SETTING_KEYS) {
      if (!(key in saved) || !(key in settings)) continue;
      if (typeof settings[key] === 'number') settings[key] = Number(saved[key]);
      else if (typeof settings[key] === 'boolean') settings[key] = Boolean(saved[key]);
      else settings[key] = saved[key];
    }
    if (schemaVersion < SETTINGS_SCHEMA_VERSION) {
      if (!('facadeTextureScale' in saved)) settings.facadeTextureScale = FACADE_TEXTURE_SCALE_MULTIPLIER;
      if (!('showOutsideRoiTerrain' in saved)) settings.showOutsideRoiTerrain = true;
      if (!('showIslands' in saved)) settings.showIslands = true;
      if (!('islandTransparency' in saved)) settings.islandTransparency = 0;
      settings.flattenIslands = true;
      if (!('treeRenderMode' in saved)) settings.treeRenderMode = 'Stylized';
      if (!('treeRandomize' in saved)) settings.treeRandomize = true;
      if (!('treeVariantCount' in saved)) settings.treeVariantCount = 8;
      if (!('treeHeightRandomExpr' in saved)) settings.treeHeightRandomExpr = '';
      if (schemaVersion < 9) {
        settings.showIslands = true;
        settings.islandTransparency = 0;
        settings.buildingMode = 'Extruded + roof';
      }
      if (schemaVersion < 10) {
        // New in 0.6.0: OSM water + street furniture layers. Enable them once so
        // returning users see the new content after upgrading.
        settings.showWaterlines = true;
        settings.showFurniture = true;
        settings.showLights = true;
        settings.showBenches = true;
        settings.showBins = true;
        settings.showBusStops = true;
      }
      if (schemaVersion < 11) {
        // New in 0.8.1: setback default → 0, and cyclists on whenever a
        // bike-lane layer exists. Reset these once for returning users.
        settings.buildingSetback = 0;
        settings.showBikes = true;
      }
      if (schemaVersion < 13) {
        // Versions through 1.1.1 enabled SSAO only after camera damping stopped.
        // Reset it once so returning users do not see an idle-triggered dark scene.
        settings.enableSSAO = false;
      }
    }
    settings.roofShape = roofShapeValue(settings.roofShape, 'Pyramid');
    settings.roofTexture = presetValue(settings.roofTexture, textureSets.roof, 'RoofA');
  } catch (err) {
    console.warn('Could not restore PlanX viewer settings', err);
  }
}

/* Facade seeding pool.
 *
 * The photo-based Residential A-F and Urban A-E sets are what an exported city
 * is actually judged on, so every reseed — an asset theme, a colour theme, a
 * shuffled look — draws from them rather than from the flat procedural walls.
 * The sequence runs three Residential to one Urban and walks each family in
 * order, so the residential set dominates, every facade in both families is
 * reached, and no two adjacent functions get the same wall.
 *
 * The procedural facades (CivicStone, CampusGlass, MediterraneanStucco,
 * CoastalWhite) stay in the Style dock's per-function dropdown and remain the
 * fallback when a photo texture is missing — they simply no longer win a reseed.
 */
const RESIDENTIAL_FACADES = ['ResidentialA', 'ResidentialB', 'ResidentialC', 'ResidentialD', 'ResidentialE', 'ResidentialF'];
const URBAN_FACADES = ['UrbanA', 'UrbanB', 'UrbanC', 'UrbanD', 'UrbanE'];
const FACADE_RESIDENTIAL_SHARE = 3;   // residential walls per urban wall

function facadeSeedPool(fallback = []) {
  const has = (name) => Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(textureSets.facade, name);
  const residential = RESIDENTIAL_FACADES.filter(has);
  const urban = URBAN_FACADES.filter(has);
  if (!residential.length) {
    const rest = urban.length ? urban : (fallback || []).filter(has);
    return rest.length ? rest : ['UrbanA'];
  }
  const pool = [];
  const slots = Math.max(residential.length, urban.length * FACADE_RESIDENTIAL_SHARE);
  for (let i = 0; i < slots; i += 1) {
    pool.push(residential[i % residential.length]);
    if (urban.length && (i + 1) % FACADE_RESIDENTIAL_SHARE === 0) {
      pool.push(urban[((i + 1) / FACADE_RESIDENTIAL_SHARE - 1) % urban.length]);
    }
  }
  return pool;
}

function defaultFunctionBuildingStyle(fn, index = 0) {
  // Walls come from the weighted Residential/Urban pool (see facadeSeedPool).
  const facadeOptions = facadeSeedPool(activeColorTheme().facades);
  return {
    color: getSemanticColor(fn) || ['#f1f5f9', '#dbeafe', '#fee2e2', '#dcfce7', '#fef3c7', '#ede9fe'][index % 6],
    facade: normalizeFacadeKey(facadeOptions[index % Math.max(1, facadeOptions.length)] || 'UrbanA'),
    facadeScale: settings.facadeTextureScale,
    floorHeight: settings.floorHeight,
    roofShape: roofShapeValue(settings.roofShape, 'Pyramid'),
    roofHeight: settings.roofHeight,
    roofTexture: presetValue(settings.roofTexture, textureSets.roof, 'RoofA')
  };
}

function sanitizeFunctionBuildingStyle(style, fallback) {
  const base = { ...fallback, ...(style || {}) };
  return {
    color: normalizeHexColor(base.color, fallback.color),
    facade: normalizeFacadeKey(base.facade || fallback.facade),
    facadeScale: Math.max(1, Math.min(8, Number(base.facadeScale) || fallback.facadeScale)),
    floorHeight: Math.max(2.4, Math.min(6, Number(base.floorHeight) || fallback.floorHeight)),
    roofShape: roofShapeValue(base.roofShape, fallback.roofShape),
    roofHeight: Math.max(0, Math.min(8, Number(base.roofHeight) || fallback.roofHeight)),
    roofTexture: presetValue(base.roofTexture, textureSets.roof, fallback.roofTexture)
  };
}

function ensureFunctionBuildingStyle(fn, index = 0) {
  const fallback = defaultFunctionBuildingStyle(fn, index);
  functionBuildingStyleState[fn] = sanitizeFunctionBuildingStyle(functionBuildingStyleState[fn], fallback);
  functionColorState[fn] = functionBuildingStyleState[fn].color;
  functionFacadeState[fn] = functionBuildingStyleState[fn].facade;
  return functionBuildingStyleState[fn];
}

function loadFunctionBuildingStyles() {
  if (isPortableMode) return;
  try {
    const raw = localStorage.getItem(FUNCTION_STYLE_STORAGE_KEY);
    if (!raw) return;
    const parsed = JSON.parse(raw);
    Object.entries(parsed || {}).forEach(([key, value]) => {
      functionBuildingStyleState[key] = value;
    });
  } catch (err) {
    console.warn('Could not restore function building styles', err);
  }
}

function saveFunctionBuildingStyles() {
  if (isPortableMode) return;
  try {
    localStorage.setItem(FUNCTION_STYLE_STORAGE_KEY, JSON.stringify(functionBuildingStyleState));
  } catch (err) {
    console.warn('Could not save function building styles', err);
  }
}

function savePersistedSettings() {
  if (isPortableMode) return;
  try {
    const payload = {};
    for (const key of PERSISTED_SETTING_KEYS) payload[key] = settings[key];
    payload._schemaVersion = SETTINGS_SCHEMA_VERSION;
    localStorage.setItem('planx_3d_city_settings', JSON.stringify(payload));
  } catch (err) {
    console.warn('Could not save PlanX viewer settings', err);
  }
}

loadPersistedSettings();
loadFunctionBuildingStyles();
loadBlockCategoryStyles();

// --- Model Studio & IndexedDB Storage ---
const dbName = 'PlanX_ModelStudio_DB';
const storeName = 'models';
const uploadedModels = []; // holds { id, name, category, scene }

function openDB() {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    // Time-box the open. In some embedded browsers indexedDB.open() can stall
    // without ever firing success/error/blocked — which would hang the whole
    // boot, since rebuildScene awaits this before drawing anything. If it does
    // not settle quickly we reject and carry on without custom models.
    let settled = false;
    const finish = (fn, arg) => { if (!settled) { settled = true; clearTimeout(timer); fn(arg); } };
    const timer = setTimeout(() => finish(reject, new Error('IndexedDB open timed out')), 3000);
    let request;
    try {
      request = indexedDB.open(dbName, 1);
    } catch (err) {
      finish(reject, err);
      return;
    }
    request.onupgradeneeded = (e) => {
      const db = e.target.result;
      if (!db.objectStoreNames.contains(storeName)) {
        db.createObjectStore(storeName, { keyPath: 'id' });
      }
    };
    request.onsuccess = (e) => finish(resolve, e.target.result);
    request.onerror = (e) => finish(reject, (e.target && e.target.error) || new Error('IndexedDB open error'));
    request.onblocked = () => finish(reject, new Error('IndexedDB open blocked'));
  });
}

async function saveModelToDB(id, name, category, blob) {
  try {
    const db = await openDB();
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      const transaction = db.transaction([storeName], 'readwrite');
      const store = transaction.objectStore(storeName);
      const request = store.put({ id, name, category, blob });
      request.onsuccess = () => resolve();
      request.onerror = () => reject(request.error);
    });
  } catch (err) {
    console.error('Error saving model to IndexedDB', err);
  }
}

async function deleteModelFromDB(id) {
  try {
    const db = await openDB();
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      const transaction = db.transaction([storeName], 'readwrite');
      const store = transaction.objectStore(storeName);
      const request = store.delete(id);
      request.onsuccess = () => resolve();
      request.onerror = () => reject(request.error);
    });
  } catch (err) {
    console.error('Error deleting model from IndexedDB', err);
  }
}

async function loadModelsFromDB() {
  try {
    const db = await openDB();
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      const transaction = db.transaction([storeName], 'readonly');
      const store = transaction.objectStore(storeName);
      const request = store.getAll();
      request.onsuccess = () => resolve(request.result);
      request.onerror = () => reject(request.error);
    });
  } catch (err) {
    console.error('Error loading models from IndexedDB', err);
    return [];
  }
}

// --- Model Studio Integration Logic & UI rendering ---
let uploadedModelsLoaded = false;

function parseGltfBuffer(buffer) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    gltfLoader.parse(buffer, '', (gltf) => {
      gltf.scene.traverse(child => {
        if (child.isMesh) {
          child.castShadow = true;
          child.receiveShadow = true;
        }
      });
      resolve(markObjectResourcesPersistent(gltf.scene));
    }, (err) => {
      reject(err);
    });
  });
}

async function ensureUploadedModelsLoaded() {
  if (isPortableMode) return;
  if (uploadedModelsLoaded) return;
  uploadedModelsLoaded = true;
  try {
    const rows = await loadModelsFromDB();
    for (const row of rows) {
      try {
        const buffer = await row.blob.arrayBuffer();
        const scene = await parseGltfBuffer(buffer);
        uploadedModels.push({
          id: row.id,
          name: row.name,
          category: row.category,
          scene: scene
        });
      } catch (err) {
        console.error(`Failed to parse cached model ${row.name}`, err);
      }
    }
  } catch (err) {
    console.error('Error loading uploaded models from IndexedDB:', err);
  }
}

function rebuildTreeLayerPartially() {
  if (!layerDataCache || !layerDataCache.agaclar) return;
  buildTreeLayer(layerDataCache.agaclar);
}

function rebuildFurnitureLayerPartially() {
  if (!layerDataCache) return;
  buildFurnitureLayer();
}

function rebuildCategoryLayer(cat) {
  if (cat === 'tree') {
    rebuildTreeLayerPartially();
  } else {
    rebuildFurnitureLayerPartially();
  }
}

function getActiveModelForCategory(cat) {
  if (cat === 'tree') return settings.activeTreeModel;
  if (cat === 'light') return settings.activeLightModel;
  if (cat === 'bench') return settings.activeBenchModel;
  if (cat === 'bin') return settings.activeBinModel;
  if (cat === 'busstop') return settings.activeBusStopModel;
  return 'default';
}

function setActiveModelForCategory(cat, modelId) {
  if (cat === 'tree') {
    settings.activeTreeModel = modelId;
    if (modelId !== 'default') {
      settings.showTrees = true;
      settings.treeRenderMode = 'Model-based';
    }
  } else if (cat === 'light') {
    settings.activeLightModel = modelId;
    if (modelId !== 'default') {
      settings.showFurniture = true;
      settings.showLights = true;
    }
  } else if (cat === 'bench') {
    settings.activeBenchModel = modelId;
    if (modelId !== 'default') {
      settings.showFurniture = true;
      settings.showBenches = true;
    }
  } else if (cat === 'bin') {
    settings.activeBinModel = modelId;
    if (modelId !== 'default') {
      settings.showFurniture = true;
      settings.showBins = true;
    }
  } else if (cat === 'busstop') {
    settings.activeBusStopModel = modelId;
    if (modelId !== 'default') {
      settings.showFurniture = true;
      settings.showBusStops = true;
    }
  }

  if (typeof updateDockControls === 'function') {
    updateDockControls();
  }
}

function renderUploadedModelsList() {
  const container = document.getElementById('uploaded-models-list');
  if (!container) return;
  container.innerHTML = '';

  // Trees are managed in their own random-pool section, not via single Use/Reset.
  const items = uploadedModels.filter(m => m.category !== 'tree');

  if (items.length === 0) {
    container.innerHTML = `<div style="text-align:center; font-size:0.7rem; color:rgba(255,255,255,0.4); padding:10px;">${t('noModelsUploaded') || 'No models uploaded yet.'}</div>`;
    return;
  }

  items.forEach(m => {
    const isCategoryActive = getActiveModelForCategory(m.category) === m.id;
    const item = document.createElement('div');
    item.className = 'uploaded-model-item';
    
    const catLabel = t('cat' + m.category.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + m.category.slice(1)) || m.category;
    const safeName = escapeHtml(m.name);
    const safeId = escapeHtml(m.id);
    const safeCategory = escapeHtml(m.category);
    const safeCatLabel = escapeHtml(catLabel);
    
    item.innerHTML = `
      <div class="model-meta">
        <span class="model-name" title="${safeName}">${safeName}</span>
        <span class="model-tag">${safeCatLabel} ${isCategoryActive ? ` <span style="color:#22c55e;">● ${escapeHtml(t('active') || 'Active')}</span>` : ''}</span>
      </div>
      <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; align-items: center;">
        ${!isCategoryActive ? `
          <button class="btn-use-model" data-id="${safeId}" data-category="${safeCategory}" style="background: var(--planx-accent, #5eead4); color: #0f172a; border: 0; border-radius: 4px; padding: 2px 6px; font-size: 0.65rem; font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer;">
            ${t('btnUse') || 'Use'}
          </button>
        ` : `
          <button class="btn-reset-model" data-category="${safeCategory}" style="background: rgba(255,255,255,0.15); color: white; border: 0; border-radius: 4px; padding: 2px 6px; font-size: 0.65rem; font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer;">
            ${t('btnReset') || 'Reset'}
          </button>
        `}
        <button class="btn-delete-model" data-id="${safeId}">x</button>
      </div>
    `;
    
    item.querySelector('.btn-use-model')?.addEventListener('click', () => {
      setActiveModelForCategory(m.category, m.id);
      savePersistedSettings();
      renderUploadedModelsList();
      rebuildCategoryLayer(m.category);
    });
    
    item.querySelector('.btn-reset-model')?.addEventListener('click', () => {
      setActiveModelForCategory(m.category, 'default');
      savePersistedSettings();
      renderUploadedModelsList();
      rebuildCategoryLayer(m.category);
    });
    
    item.querySelector('.btn-delete-model')?.addEventListener('click', async () => {
      if (confirm(t('confirmDeleteModel') || 'Are you sure you want to delete this model?')) {
        await deleteModelFromDB(m.id);
        const idx = uploadedModels.findIndex(x => x.id === m.id);
        if (idx !== -1) uploadedModels.splice(idx, 1);
        
        if (getActiveModelForCategory(m.category) === m.id) {
          setActiveModelForCategory(m.category, 'default');
        }
        if (Array.isArray(settings.treeModelPool)) {
          settings.treeModelPool = settings.treeModelPool.filter(id => id !== m.id);
        }
        savePersistedSettings();
        renderUploadedModelsList();
        renderTreePoolList();
        rebuildCategoryLayer(m.category);
      }
    });

    container.appendChild(item);
  });
}

function renderTreePoolList() {
  const container = document.getElementById('tree-pool-list');
  if (!container) return;
  container.innerHTML = '';

  const treeItems = uploadedModels.filter(m => m.category === 'tree');
  if (treeItems.length === 0) {
    container.innerHTML = `<div style="text-align:center; font-size:0.7rem; color:rgba(255,255,255,0.4); padding:10px;">${t('noModelsUploaded') || 'No models uploaded yet.'}</div>`;
    return;
  }

  if (!Array.isArray(settings.treeModelPool)) settings.treeModelPool = [];

  treeItems.forEach(m => {
    const inPool = settings.treeModelPool.includes(m.id);
    const item = document.createElement('div');
    item.className = 'uploaded-model-item';
    const safeName = escapeHtml(m.name);
    const safeId = escapeHtml(m.id);
    item.innerHTML = `
      <div class="model-meta">
        <span class="model-name" title="${safeName}">${safeName}</span>
        <span class="model-tag">${t('catTree') || 'Tree'} ${inPool ? ` <span style="color:#22c55e;">● ${t('active') || 'Active'}</span>` : ''}</span>
      </div>
      <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; align-items: center;">
        <button class="btn-pool-toggle" style="background: ${inPool ? 'rgba(255,255,255,0.15)' : 'var(--planx-accent, #5eead4)'}; color: ${inPool ? 'white' : '#0f172a'}; border: 0; border-radius: 4px; padding: 2px 6px; font-size: 0.65rem; font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer;">
          ${inPool ? (t('btnInPool') || '✓ In pool') : (t('btnAddPool') || '+ Add to pool')}
        </button>
        <button class="btn-delete-model" data-id="${safeId}">x</button>
      </div>
    `;

    item.querySelector('.btn-pool-toggle')?.addEventListener('click', () => {
      if (!Array.isArray(settings.treeModelPool)) settings.treeModelPool = [];
      if (settings.treeModelPool.includes(m.id)) {
        settings.treeModelPool = settings.treeModelPool.filter(id => id !== m.id);
      } else {
        settings.treeModelPool.push(m.id);
      }
      // Keep the legacy single-active field in sync and switch trees to model mode.
      settings.activeTreeModel = settings.treeModelPool[0] || 'default';
      if (settings.treeModelPool.length) {
        settings.showTrees = true;
        settings.treeRenderMode = 'Model-based';
      }
      savePersistedSettings();
      renderTreePoolList();
      updateDockControls();
      rebuildTreeLayerPartially();
    });

    item.querySelector('.btn-delete-model')?.addEventListener('click', async () => {
      if (confirm(t('confirmDeleteModel') || 'Are you sure you want to delete this model?')) {
        await deleteModelFromDB(m.id);
        const idx = uploadedModels.findIndex(x => x.id === m.id);
        if (idx !== -1) uploadedModels.splice(idx, 1);
        if (Array.isArray(settings.treeModelPool)) {
          settings.treeModelPool = settings.treeModelPool.filter(id => id !== m.id);
        }
        settings.activeTreeModel = settings.treeModelPool[0] || 'default';
        savePersistedSettings();
        renderTreePoolList();
        renderUploadedModelsList();
        updateDockControls();
        rebuildTreeLayerPartially();
      }
    });

    container.appendChild(item);
  });
}

const CATEGORY_ELEVATION_KEY = {
  tree: 'treeElevation',
  light: 'lightElevation',
  bench: 'benchElevation',
  bin: 'binElevation',
  busstop: 'busstopElevation',
};

const CATEGORY_SCALE_KEYS = {
  tree: ['treeScaleX', 'treeScaleY', 'treeScaleZ'],
  light: ['lightScaleX', 'lightScaleY', 'lightScaleZ'],
  bench: ['benchScaleX', 'benchScaleY', 'benchScaleZ'],
  bin: ['binScaleX', 'binScaleY', 'binScaleZ'],
  busstop: ['busstopScaleX', 'busstopScaleY', 'busstopScaleZ'],
};

// Categories whose global rotation is meaningful from the Transform panel.
// Furniture rotation is applied as an offset on top of the road-aligned/attribute angle.
const CATEGORY_ROTATION_KEY = {
  light: 'lightRotation',
  bench: 'benchRotation',
  bin: 'binRotation',
  busstop: 'busstopRotation',
};

function activeTransformCategory() {
  const sel = document.getElementById('transform-category');
  return (sel && sel.value) || 'tree';
}

// Per-category Elevation + Scale (X/Y/Z) panel, driven by the category selector.
function renderModelTransformControls() {
  const container = document.getElementById('model-transform-controls');
  if (!container) return;
  container.innerHTML = '';

  const cat = activeTransformCategory();
  const elevKey = CATEGORY_ELEVATION_KEY[cat];
  const scaleKeys = CATEGORY_SCALE_KEYS[cat];
  const rotKey = CATEGORY_ROTATION_KEY[cat];

  const makeSliderRow = (labelText, key, min, max, step, fmt) => {
    const current = Number(settings[key]);
    const value = Number.isFinite(current) ? current : (key.includes('Scale') ? 1 : 0);
    const row = document.createElement('div');
    row.className = 'model-transform-slider-row';
    row.style.cssText = 'display:flex; align-items:center; gap:6px;';
    row.innerHTML = `
      <span style="flex: 0 0 78px; font-size: 0.72rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85);">${labelText}</span>
      <input type="range" min="${min}" max="${max}" step="${step}" value="${value}" style="flex:1;">
      <span class="transform-val" style="min-width:44px; text-align:right; font-size:0.72rem;">${fmt(value)}</span>
    `;
    const input = row.querySelector('input');
    const valOut = row.querySelector('.transform-val');
    let debounceTimer;
    input.addEventListener('input', () => {
      const v = parseFloat(input.value);
      settings[key] = v;
      valOut.textContent = fmt(v);
      if (typeof updateDockControls === 'function') updateDockControls();
      clearTimeout(debounceTimer);
      debounceTimer = setTimeout(() => {
        savePersistedSettings();
        rebuildCategoryLayer(cat);
      }, 60);
    });
    container.appendChild(row);
  };

  if (elevKey) {
    makeSliderRow(t('lblElevation') || 'Elevation', elevKey, -15, 30, 0.5, (v) => v.toFixed(1) + 'm');
  }
  if (scaleKeys) {
    makeSliderRow(t('lblScaleX') || 'Scale X', scaleKeys[0], 0.1, 10, 0.1, (v) => v.toFixed(1) + 'x');
    makeSliderRow(t('lblScaleY') || 'Scale Y', scaleKeys[1], 0.1, 10, 0.1, (v) => v.toFixed(1) + 'x');
    makeSliderRow(t('lblScaleZ') || 'Scale Z', scaleKeys[2], 0.1, 10, 0.1, (v) => v.toFixed(1) + 'x');
  }
  if (rotKey) {
    makeSliderRow(t('lblRotation') || 'Rotation', rotKey, 0, 360, 1, (v) => Math.round(v) + '°');
  }
}

function initModelStudioListeners() {
  const uploadFileInput = document.getElementById('upload-model-file');
  const uploadCategorySelect = document.getElementById('upload-model-category');
  const uploadStatusDiv = document.getElementById('upload-status');
  const transformCategorySelect = document.getElementById('transform-category');
  if (transformCategorySelect) {
    transformCategorySelect.addEventListener('change', () => renderModelTransformControls());
  }

  if (uploadFileInput) {
    uploadFileInput.addEventListener('change', async (e) => {
      const file = e.target.files[0];
      if (!file) return;
      
      const category = uploadCategorySelect.value;
      uploadStatusDiv.innerText = t('statusParsing') || 'Parsing GLB model...';
      uploadStatusDiv.style.color = '#a5f3fc';
      
      try {
        const buffer = await file.arrayBuffer();
        const scene = await parseGltfBuffer(buffer);
        
        const id = 'custom_' + Date.now() + '_' + Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9);
        await saveModelToDB(id, file.name, category, file);
        
        uploadedModels.push({
          id,
          name: file.name,
          category,
          scene
        });
        
        uploadStatusDiv.innerText = t('statusSuccess') || 'Successfully loaded!';
        uploadStatusDiv.style.color = '#22c55e';
        uploadFileInput.value = '';

        if (category === 'tree') {
          // Newly uploaded tree models join the random pool automatically.
          if (!Array.isArray(settings.treeModelPool)) settings.treeModelPool = [];
          if (!settings.treeModelPool.includes(id)) settings.treeModelPool.push(id);
          settings.activeTreeModel = settings.treeModelPool[0] || 'default';
          settings.showTrees = true;
          settings.treeRenderMode = 'Model-based';
          updateDockControls();
        } else {
          setActiveModelForCategory(category, id);
        }
        savePersistedSettings();
        renderUploadedModelsList();
        renderTreePoolList();
        renderModelTransformControls();
        rebuildCategoryLayer(category);

      } catch (err) {
        console.error('Error parsing uploaded file', err);
        uploadStatusDiv.innerText = (t('statusError') || 'Error parsing model: ') + err.message;
        uploadStatusDiv.style.color = '#ef4444';
      }
    });
  }
}

function createAsphaltTexture() {
  const c = document.createElement('canvas');
  c.width = 256; c.height = 256;
  const ctx = c.getContext('2d');
  // Neutral luminance lets the selected theme/analysis colour tint one shared
  // texture. The old per-road 512px texture allocated megabytes of GPU memory.
  ctx.fillStyle = '#b8b8b8';
  ctx.fillRect(0, 0, c.width, c.height);
  let seed = 0x4f534d33;
  const random = () => {
    seed = (Math.imul(seed, 1664525) + 1013904223) >>> 0;
    return seed / 0x100000000;
  };
  for (let i = 0; i < 900; i++) {
    const x = random() * c.width;
    const y = random() * c.height;
    const r = random() * 1.1 + 0.2;
    const g = 65 + Math.floor(random() * 120);
    ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(${g},${g},${g},0.18)`;
    ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(x, y, r, 0, Math.PI * 2); ctx.fill();
  }
  const t = new THREE.CanvasTexture(c);
  t.wrapS = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
  t.wrapT = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
  t.repeat.set(8, 8);
  t.colorSpace = THREE.SRGBColorSpace;
  return t;
}

function createIslandTexturePreset(name) {
  if (name === 'None') return null;
  const c = document.createElement('canvas');
  c.width = 256; c.height = 256;
  const ctx = c.getContext('2d');
  const islandPalette = {
    ParkGreen:        { base: '#6f9c52', shadow: '#3f6b2c', highlight: '#a6c982' },
    ResidentialBeige: { base: '#d6c8a6', shadow: '#a18c63', highlight: '#efe6cf' },
    CivicGravel:      { base: '#b6b3a8', shadow: '#7b7a72', highlight: '#dad7ce' },
    CoastalSand:      { base: '#ecd9b0', shadow: '#b39361', highlight: '#fff1d2' }
  }[name];
  if (islandPalette) {
    ctx.fillStyle = islandPalette.base;
    ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 256, 256);
    if (name === 'ParkGreen') {
      for (let i = 0; i < 2200; i++) {
        const x = Math.random() * 256;
        const y = Math.random() * 256;
        const r = 0.6 + Math.random() * 1.6;
        ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(${Math.random() < 0.5 ? '63,107,44' : '166,201,130'},${0.10 + Math.random() * 0.18})`;
        ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(x, y, r, 0, Math.PI * 2); ctx.fill();
      }
      for (let i = 0; i < 28; i++) {
        ctx.strokeStyle = `rgba(63,107,44,${0.10 + Math.random() * 0.10})`;
        ctx.lineWidth = 0.6 + Math.random() * 0.5;
        ctx.beginPath();
        const sx = Math.random() * 256;
        const sy = Math.random() * 256;
        ctx.moveTo(sx, sy);
        ctx.lineTo(sx + (Math.random() - 0.5) * 30, sy + (Math.random() - 0.5) * 30);
        ctx.stroke();
      }
    } else if (name === 'ResidentialBeige') {
      for (let i = 0; i < 900; i++) {
        const x = Math.random() * 256;
        const y = Math.random() * 256;
        ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(161,140,99,${0.06 + Math.random() * 0.12})`;
        ctx.fillRect(x, y, 1.5, 1.5);
      }
      ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(161,140,99,0.18)';
      ctx.lineWidth = 0.8;
      for (let i = 0; i < 256; i += 36) {
        ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(0, i); ctx.lineTo(256, i); ctx.stroke();
      }
    } else if (name === 'CivicGravel') {
      for (let i = 0; i < 1800; i++) {
        const x = Math.random() * 256;
        const y = Math.random() * 256;
        const r = 0.4 + Math.random() * 1.2;
        const tone = Math.random() < 0.5 ? '123,122,114' : '218,215,206';
        ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(${tone},${0.18 + Math.random() * 0.20})`;
        ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(x, y, r, 0, Math.PI * 2); ctx.fill();
      }
    } else if (name === 'CoastalSand') {
      for (let i = 0; i < 1600; i++) {
        const x = Math.random() * 256;
        const y = Math.random() * 256;
        ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(179,147,97,${0.05 + Math.random() * 0.12})`;
        ctx.fillRect(x, y, 1, 1);
      }
      for (let band = 0; band < 6; band++) {
        ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(255,241,210,0.22)';
        ctx.lineWidth = 0.8;
        ctx.beginPath();
        const yBand = band * 42 + 8 + Math.random() * 6;
        ctx.moveTo(0, yBand);
        for (let x = 0; x <= 256; x += 8) {
          ctx.lineTo(x, yBand + Math.sin(x * 0.18 + band) * 2.2);
        }
        ctx.stroke();
      }
    }
  } else {
    ctx.fillStyle = '#e5e7eb';
    ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 256, 256);
    if (name === 'SoftNoise') {
      for (let i = 0; i < 1400; i++) {
        const x = Math.random() * 256;
        const y = Math.random() * 256;
        const r = Math.random() * 1.4;
        ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(120,130,140,0.14)';
        ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(x, y, r, 0, Math.PI * 2); ctx.fill();
      }
    } else if (name === 'FineGrid') {
      ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(120,130,140,0.24)';
      for (let i = 0; i < 256; i += 12) {
        ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(i, 0); ctx.lineTo(i, 256); ctx.stroke();
        ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(0, i); ctx.lineTo(256, i); ctx.stroke();
      }
    } else if (name === 'Water') {
      ctx.fillStyle = '#0f5e9c';
      ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 256, 256);
      for (let band = 0; band < 10; band++) {
        ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(255,255,255,0.18)';
        ctx.lineWidth = 1.0;
        ctx.beginPath();
        const yBand = band * 25 + 5 + Math.random() * 5;
        ctx.moveTo(0, yBand);
        for (let x = 0; x <= 256; x += 6) {
          ctx.lineTo(x, yBand + Math.sin(x * 0.25 + band * 1.5) * 1.8);
        }
        ctx.stroke();
      }
    }
  }
  const t = new THREE.CanvasTexture(c);
  t.wrapS = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
  t.wrapT = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
  t.repeat.set(4, 4);
  t.colorSpace = THREE.SRGBColorSpace;
  return t;
}

function setStatus(text) {
  const el = document.getElementById('dem-status');
  if (el) el.innerText = text;
}

/* Solar position via simplified NOAA formula.
 * timeHours = local solar time (0-24), dayOfYear = 1-365, latitudeDeg = WGS84 lat.
 * Returns elevation + azimuth in RADIANS. Azimuth follows compass convention:
 * 0 = North, π/2 = East, π = South, 3π/2 = West. */
function solarPosition(timeHours, dayOfYear, latitudeDeg) {
  const declRad = THREE.MathUtils.degToRad(23.45) *
    Math.sin(THREE.MathUtils.degToRad((360 / 365) * (284 + dayOfYear)));
  const hourAngleRad = THREE.MathUtils.degToRad(15 * (timeHours - 12));
  const latRad = THREE.MathUtils.degToRad(latitudeDeg);
  const sinElev = Math.sin(latRad) * Math.sin(declRad) +
    Math.cos(latRad) * Math.cos(declRad) * Math.cos(hourAngleRad);
  const elevation = Math.asin(Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, sinElev)));
  const cosElev = Math.cos(elevation) || 1e-9;
  const cosLat = Math.cos(latRad) || 1e-9;
  const cosAz = (Math.sin(declRad) - Math.sin(elevation) * Math.sin(latRad)) / (cosElev * cosLat);
  const azRaw = Math.acos(Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, cosAz)));
  const azimuth = hourAngleRad > 0 ? (2 * Math.PI - azRaw) : azRaw;
  return { elevation, azimuth };
}

let _solarCache = { elevationDeg: 30, azimuthDeg: 180 };

function updateTimeOfDay() {
  const t = settings.timeOfDay;
  const dayOfYear = Math.max(1, Math.min(365, settings.dayOfYear || 172));
  const latitude = Math.max(-66, Math.min(66, settings.latitude == null ? 39 : settings.latitude));

  const { elevation, azimuth } = solarPosition(t, dayOfYear, latitude);
  const elevationDeg = THREE.MathUtils.radToDeg(elevation);
  const azimuthDeg = (THREE.MathUtils.radToDeg(azimuth) + 360) % 360;
  _solarCache = { elevationDeg, azimuthDeg };

  /* Three.js convention: phi from +Y axis (0 = up), theta from +Z around +Y.
   * Compass azimuth 0=N(-Z), 90=E(+X), 180=S(+Z), 270=W(-X) → theta = π - azimuth. */
  const phi = Math.PI / 2 - elevation;
  const theta = Math.PI - azimuth;
  const pos = new THREE.Vector3().setFromSphericalCoords(1, phi, theta);

  sun.position.copy(pos).multiplyScalar(1300);
  // Smooth intensity ramp at horizon (golden hour feel)
  sun.intensity = elevationDeg > 0 ? 1.25 * Math.min(1, elevationDeg / 18) : 0;
  sun.shadow.needsUpdate = true;

  sky.material.uniforms.sunPosition.value.copy(pos);
  scene.fog.density = settings.fogDensity;
  // Fog colour used to be a fixed daylight blue, so any night scene with real
  // fog was painted in a bright daytime haze that washed the whole city out —
  // most visible on the dusk/night looks and on recorded fly-throughs. Track
  // the sun instead: night -> dusk -> day, keyed on solar elevation.
  const duskMix = THREE.MathUtils.clamp((elevationDeg + 6) / 8, 0, 1);
  const dayMix = THREE.MathUtils.clamp((elevationDeg - 2) / 12, 0, 1);
  scene.fog.color.copy(FOG_NIGHT).lerp(FOG_DUSK, duskMix).lerp(FOG_DAY, dayMix);

  // Night Mode effects
  const isNight = elevationDeg < -3;
  ambient.intensity = isNight ? 0.2 : 0.62;
  
  // Toggle bloom based on night mode and settings
  bloomPass.strength = (isNight && settings.enableBloom) ? 1.2 : 0.0;
  
  // We will apply emissive changes when generating materials, 
  // but let's just trigger a scene rebuild if day/night status changes to refresh building windows.
  // We can track lastNightMode to avoid infinite loops.
}
let lastTimeOfDay = -1;

// Lightweight day/night switch — updates only emissive + furniture lights.
// Does NOT rebuild terrain, geometry or DEM.
function rebuildLightingOnly() {
  const isNight = (_solarCache.elevationDeg ?? 30) < -3;
  buildingGroup.children.forEach(mesh => {
    if (!Array.isArray(mesh.material) || mesh.material.length < 2) return;
    const mat = mesh.material[1];
    if (!mat) return;
    mat.emissive.setHex(isNight ? 0x333322 : 0x000000);
    // Deterministic per-building intensity from position hash (avoids random on every call)
    const hash = Math.abs(Math.sin(mesh.position.x * 12.9898 + mesh.position.z * 78.233)) % 1;
    mat.emissiveIntensity = isNight ? 0.2 + hash * 0.8 : 0;
  });
  buildFurnitureLayer(); // refresh lamp glow
}

function checkTimeChange() {
  updateTimeOfDay();
  const isNight = (_solarCache.elevationDeg ?? 30) < -3;
  if (lastTimeOfDay !== -1) {
    const wasNight = lastTimeOfDay < 6.5 || lastTimeOfDay > 17.5;
    if (isNight !== wasNight) {
      rebuildLightingOnly();
    }
  }
  lastTimeOfDay = settings.timeOfDay;
}
checkTimeChange();

let weatherParticles = null;
function updateWeather() {
  if (weatherParticles) {
    scene.remove(weatherParticles);
    weatherParticles.geometry.dispose();
    weatherParticles.material.dispose();
    weatherParticles = null;
  }
  if (settings.weather === 'Clear') return;
  
  const count = settings.weather === 'Rain' ? 10000 : 8000;
  const size = settings.weather === 'Rain' ? 0.2 : 0.5;
  const color = settings.weather === 'Rain' ? 0xaaaaff : 0xffffff;
  const opacity = settings.weather === 'Rain' ? 0.5 : 0.8;
  
  const geo = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
  const pos = new Float32Array(count * 3);
  for(let i=0; i<count*3; i+=3){
      pos[i] = (Math.random() - 0.5) * 800;
      pos[i+1] = Math.random() * 400;
      pos[i+2] = (Math.random() - 0.5) * 800;
  }
  geo.setAttribute('position', new THREE.BufferAttribute(pos, 3));
  
  let tex = null;
  if (settings.weather === 'Snow') {
      const c = document.createElement('canvas');
      c.width=32; c.height=32;
      const ctx = c.getContext('2d');
      const grad = ctx.createRadialGradient(16,16,0,16,16,16);
      grad.addColorStop(0, 'rgba(255,255,255,1)');
      grad.addColorStop(1, 'rgba(255,255,255,0)');
      ctx.fillStyle = grad; ctx.fillRect(0,0,32,32);
      tex = new THREE.CanvasTexture(c);
  }
  
  const mat = new THREE.PointsMaterial({
      color: color,
      size: size,
      transparent: true,
      opacity: opacity,
      map: tex,
      depthWrite: false,
      blending: THREE.AdditiveBlending
  });
  
  weatherParticles = new THREE.Points(geo, mat);
  scene.add(weatherParticles);
}
updateWeather();

function metersToLocal(x, y) {
  return [(x - centerX) * LOCAL_X_SIGN, y - centerY];
}

function localToMeters(localX, localZ) {
  return [centerX + localX * LOCAL_X_SIGN, centerY + localZ];
}

function parseLevel(v) {
  if (v == null) return 4;
  const s = String(v).replace(',', '.');
  const n = parseFloat(s);
  if (Number.isFinite(n) && n > 0) return n;
  return 4;
}

// Common Turkish/English column names for building floor count.
const BUILDING_FLOOR_FIELD_ALIASES = [
  'katadedi', 'kat_adedi', 'katadet', 'kat_adet', 'katsayisi', 'kat_sayisi',
  'kat_sayısı', 'katSayisi', 'kat', 'katlar', 'floors', 'num_floors', 'numfloors',
  'floor_count', 'levels', 'storeys', 'stories', 'nkat', 'n_kat'
];

// Raw floor-count value as stored on the feature, honoring the QGIS-mapped
// 'building_floors_field' first, or null when no usable column exists.
function buildingLevelsRaw(props) {
  return propFirst(props || {}, namesWithMapping('building_floors_field', BUILDING_FLOOR_FIELD_ALIASES));
}

// Building floor count: prefers the QGIS-mapped 'building_floors_field', then
// falls back to common Turkish/English column names. Building height is this
// count multiplied by the (per-feature or global) floor height.
function buildingLevels(props) {
  return parseLevel(buildingLevelsRaw(props));
}

function getPolygonRings(geometry) {
  if (!geometry) return [];
  if (geometry.type === 'Polygon') return [geometry.coordinates];
  if (geometry.type === 'MultiPolygon') return geometry.coordinates;
  return [];
}

function geometryBounds(features) {
  let minX = Infinity, minY = Infinity, maxX = -Infinity, maxY = -Infinity;
  for (const f of features) {
    if (!f.geometry) continue;
    const type = f.geometry.type;
    // Handle Polygon / MultiPolygon
    if (type === 'Polygon' || type === 'MultiPolygon') {
      for (const poly of getPolygonRings(f.geometry)) {
        for (const ring of poly) {
          for (const c of ring) {
            minX = Math.min(minX, c[0]);
            minY = Math.min(minY, c[1]);
            maxX = Math.max(maxX, c[0]);
            maxY = Math.max(maxY, c[1]);
          }
        }
      }
    }
    // Handle LineString
    else if (type === 'LineString') {
      for (const c of f.geometry.coordinates) {
        minX = Math.min(minX, c[0]);
        minY = Math.min(minY, c[1]);
        maxX = Math.max(maxX, c[0]);
        maxY = Math.max(maxY, c[1]);
      }
    }
    // Handle MultiLineString
    else if (type === 'MultiLineString') {
      for (const line of f.geometry.coordinates) {
        for (const c of line) {
          minX = Math.min(minX, c[0]);
          minY = Math.min(minY, c[1]);
          maxX = Math.max(maxX, c[0]);
          maxY = Math.max(maxY, c[1]);
        }
      }
    }
    // Handle Point
    else if (type === 'Point') {
      const c = f.geometry.coordinates;
      minX = Math.min(minX, c[0]);
      minY = Math.min(minY, c[1]);
      maxX = Math.max(maxX, c[0]);
      maxY = Math.max(maxY, c[1]);
    }
  }
  return { minX, minY, maxX, maxY };
}

function mergeBounds(a, b) {
  return {
    minX: Math.min(a.minX, b.minX),
    minY: Math.min(a.minY, b.minY),
    maxX: Math.max(a.maxX, b.maxX),
    maxY: Math.max(a.maxY, b.maxY)
  };
}

const EMPTY_GEOJSON = { type: 'FeatureCollection', features: [] };
const DATA_FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS = 20000;

async function fetchWithTimeout(url, options = {}, timeoutMs = DATA_FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS) {
  const controller = new AbortController();
  const timer = setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), timeoutMs);
  try {
    return await fetch(url, { ...options, signal: controller.signal });
  } catch (err) {
    if (err?.name === 'AbortError') {
      throw new Error(`Request timed out: ${url}`);
    }
    throw err;
  } finally {
    clearTimeout(timer);
  }
}

async function loadGeoJson(path, options = {}) {
  const { required = false, label = path } = options;
  try {
    const r = await fetchWithTimeout(path);
    if (!r.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${r.status}`);
    const data = await r.json();
    if (!data || !Array.isArray(data.features)) {
      throw new Error('Invalid GeoJSON FeatureCollection');
    }
    return data;
  } catch (err) {
    if (required) {
      throw new Error(`${label} could not be loaded: ${path}`);
    }
    if (!String(err?.message || err).includes('HTTP 404')) {
      console.warn(`Optional layer skipped: ${path}`, err);
    }
    return { ...EMPTY_GEOJSON, name: label };
  }
}

async function loadManifest() {
  try {
    const r = await fetchWithTimeout('../data/planx_manifest.json', { cache: 'no-store' });
    if (!r.ok) return null;
    return await r.json();
  } catch (err) {
    console.warn('PlanX manifest not available', err);
    return null;
  }
}

function applyManifestDefaults() {
  if (manifestDefaultsApplied || !projectManifest) return;
  manifestDefaultsApplied = true;
  let persistedRaw = null;
  let persisted = null; // function-scoped so maybeApplyColorThemeFromManifest() can read it
  if (!isPortableMode) {
    try {
      persistedRaw = localStorage.getItem('planx_3d_city_settings');
    } catch (_) {}
  }
  if (persistedRaw) {
    try {
      persisted = JSON.parse(persistedRaw);
      const schemaVersion = Number(persisted._schemaVersion || 0);
      const defaults = { ...(projectManifest.viewerDefaults || {}), ...(projectManifest.analysisDefaults || {}) };
      if (projectManifest.assetTheme && !defaults.assetTheme) defaults.assetTheme = projectManifest.assetTheme;
      for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(defaults)) {
        if (key in settings && !(key in persisted) && value !== null && value !== undefined) settings[key] = value;
      }
      if (schemaVersion < SETTINGS_SCHEMA_VERSION) {
        if (!('facadeTextureScale' in persisted)) settings.facadeTextureScale = FACADE_TEXTURE_SCALE_MULTIPLIER;
        if (!('showOutsideRoiTerrain' in persisted)) settings.showOutsideRoiTerrain = true;
        if (!('showIslands' in persisted)) settings.showIslands = true;
        if (!('islandTransparency' in persisted)) settings.islandTransparency = 0;
        if (!('showPedestrianPaths' in persisted)) settings.showPedestrianPaths = true;
        settings.flattenIslands = true;
        if (schemaVersion < 9) {
          settings.showIslands = true;
          settings.islandTransparency = 0;
          settings.buildingMode = 'Extruded + roof';
        }
        if (schemaVersion < 10) {
          // New in 0.6.0: enable OSM water + street furniture layers once.
          settings.showWaterlines = true;
          settings.showFurniture = true;
          settings.showLights = true;
          settings.showBenches = true;
          settings.showBins = true;
          settings.showBusStops = true;
        }
        if (schemaVersion < 11) {
          // New in 0.8.1: setback default → 0, cyclists on with bike lanes.
          settings.buildingSetback = 0;
          settings.showBikes = true;
        }
        if (schemaVersion < 13) {
          // Keep manifest-based startup consistent with loadPersistedSettings().
          settings.enableSSAO = false;
        }
      }
      if (!persisted.assetTheme && projectManifest.assetTheme) settings.assetTheme = projectManifest.assetTheme;
    } catch (_err) {
      if (projectManifest.assetTheme) settings.assetTheme = projectManifest.assetTheme;
    }
    applyThemeDefaultsToSettings(false);
    maybeApplyColorThemeFromManifest(persisted);
    reconcileFunctionStylesWithTheme();
    return;
  }
  const defaults = { ...(projectManifest.viewerDefaults || {}), ...(projectManifest.analysisDefaults || {}) };
  if (projectManifest.assetTheme && !defaults.assetTheme) defaults.assetTheme = projectManifest.assetTheme;
  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(defaults)) {
    if (key in settings && value !== null && value !== undefined) settings[key] = value;
  }
  applyThemeDefaultsToSettings(false);
  maybeApplyColorThemeFromManifest(null);
  reconcileFunctionStylesWithTheme();
}

async function loadTexture(path, repeatX = 1, repeatY = 1) {
  if (!path) return null;
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    texLoader.load(path, (t) => {
      t.wrapS = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
      t.wrapT = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
      t.repeat.set(repeatX, repeatY);
      t.colorSpace = THREE.SRGBColorSpace;
      resolve(t);
    }, undefined, reject);
  });
}

function viewerMode() {
  return projectManifest?.mode || 'vector';
}

function isRasterTextureMode() {
  return viewerMode() === 'raster_texture';
}

function manifestRequiresInput(key) {
  const required = projectManifest?.requiredInputs;
  if (Array.isArray(required)) return required.includes(key);
  if (isRasterTextureMode()) return ['roi', 'roads', 'buildings'].includes(key);
  return false;
}

function asFeatureCollection(data, name = 'Layer') {
  return data && Array.isArray(data.features) ? data : { ...EMPTY_GEOJSON, name };
}

function demSamplerBounds() {
  if (!demSampler) return null;
  if (demSampler.flat && demSampler.bounds) return { ...demSampler.bounds };
  const x0 = demSampler.originX;
  const x1 = demSampler.originX + demSampler.resX * demSampler.width;
  const y0 = demSampler.originY;
  const y1 = demSampler.originY + demSampler.resY * demSampler.height;
  return {
    minX: Math.min(x0, x1),
    maxX: Math.max(x0, x1),
    minY: Math.min(y0, y1),
    maxY: Math.max(y0, y1)
  };
}

function deriveVectorBounds(data) {
  const roi = asFeatureCollection(data?.roi, 'ROI');
  if (roi.features.length) return geometryBounds(roi.features);
  const candidates = [
    asFeatureCollection(data?.adalar, 'Blocks').features,
    asFeatureCollection(data?.yollar, 'Roads').features,
    asFeatureCollection(data?.yapilar, 'Buildings').features,
    asFeatureCollection(data?.parseller, 'Parcels').features,
    asFeatureCollection(data?.sidewalks, 'Sidewalks').features,
    asFeatureCollection(data?.pedestrianPaths, 'Pedestrian paths').features
  ]
    .filter((features) => features.length)
    .map((features) => geometryBounds(features))
    .filter(Boolean);
  return candidates.length ? candidates.reduce((acc, b) => acc ? mergeBounds(acc, b) : b, null) : null;
}

function fallbackSceneBounds() {
  return { minX: -500, maxX: 500, minY: -500, maxY: 500 };
}

function activateFlatTerrainFallback(sourceBounds = null, height = 0, statusMessage = 'DEM not found; using a flat presentation plane.') {
  const b = sourceBounds || bounds || deriveVectorBounds(layerDataCache) || fallbackSceneBounds();
  bounds = { ...b };
  demSampler = {
    flat: true,
    flatHeight: height,
    bounds: { ...b },
    originX: b.minX,
    originY: b.minY,
    resX: Math.max(1, b.maxX - b.minX),
    resY: Math.max(1, b.maxY - b.minY),
    width: 1,
    height: 1,
    noData: null
  };
  terrainHeightStats = { min: height, max: height, avg: height, p02: height, p98: height, median: height, mad: 1 };
  demReady = true;
  demLoadingStarted = false;
  _lastTerrainY = height;
  if (statusMessage) setStatus(statusMessage);
}

function normalizeAccessText(value) {
  return String(value ?? '')
    .toLocaleLowerCase('tr-TR')
    .normalize('NFD')
    .replace(/[\u0300-\u036f]/g, '')
    .replace(/ı/g, 'i')
    .replace(/ş/g, 's')
    .replace(/ğ/g, 'g')
    .replace(/ü/g, 'u')
    .replace(/ö/g, 'o')
    .replace(/ç/g, 'c');
}

function keywordList(values) {
  return (values || []).map(normalizeAccessText).filter(Boolean);
}

function roadAllowsCars(feature) {
  const props = feature?.properties || {};
  const hw = String(props[mappedField('road_hierarchy_field') || 'highway'] ?? props.highway ?? '').toLowerCase();
  // OSM highway classes that are pedestrian/bike-only — keep cars off them.
  const NO_CAR_HIGHWAY = new Set(['footway', 'path', 'pedestrian', 'steps', 'bridleway', 'corridor', 'track', 'cycleway', 'platform', 'construction', 'proposed']);
  if (NO_CAR_HIGHWAY.has(hw)) return false;
  const access = projectManifest?.roadAccess;
  const field = access?.field;
  if (!field) return true;
  const raw = props[field];
  if (raw === undefined || raw === null || String(raw).trim() === '') return true;
  const value = normalizeAccessText(raw);
  const noCar = keywordList(access.noCarKeywords || ['yaya', 'pedestrian', 'foot', 'walk', 'path']);
  const vehicle = keywordList(access.vehicleKeywords || ['tasit', 'vehicle', 'car', 'arac', 'motorlu']);
  const hasNoCar = noCar.some((kw) => value.includes(kw));
  const hasVehicle = vehicle.some((kw) => value.includes(kw));
  return !hasNoCar || hasVehicle;
}

function roadModeText(feature) {
  const access = projectManifest?.roadAccess;
  const field = access?.field;
  const props = feature?.properties || {};
  const hierarchy = mappedField('road_hierarchy_field');
  if (hierarchy) return featureLabelText(props, [hierarchy], '');
  return field ? featureLabelText(props, [field], '') : featureLabelText(props, ['yol_turu', 'yoltipi', 'tur', 'tip', 'access', 'mode'], '');
}

function estimateAmenityPoints() {
  const points = [];
  const data = layerDataCache || {};
  const furniture = data.furniture || {};
  for (const collection of [furniture.busstops, furniture.lights, data.agaclar]) {
    for (const f of collection?.features || []) {
      if (f.geometry?.type === 'Point') points.push(f.geometry.coordinates);
    }
  }
  for (const f of data.yapilar?.features || []) {
    const fn = normalizeAccessText(buildingFunctionValue(f.properties || {}));
    if (!/(egitim|okul|park|saglik|ticaret|sosyal|kultur|spor|yesil|donati)/.test(fn)) continue;
    const rings = getPolygonRings(f.geometry);
    const outer = rings?.[0]?.[0];
    if (!outer?.length) continue;
    const c = outer.reduce((acc, p) => [acc[0] + p[0], acc[1] + p[1]], [0, 0]);
    points.push([c[0] / outer.length, c[1] / outer.length]);
  }
  return points;
}

function featureMidpoint(feature) {
  const coords = feature?.geometry?.coordinates || [];
  if (!coords.length) return null;
  const mid = coords[Math.floor(coords.length / 2)];
  return Array.isArray(mid) ? mid : null;
}

function minDistanceToPoints(point, points) {
  if (!point || !points.length) return Infinity;
  let min = Infinity;
  for (const p of points) {
    const dx = point[0] - p[0];
    const dy = point[1] - p[1];
    min = Math.min(min, Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy));
  }
  return min;
}

function roadVisualColor(feature, amenityPoints = []) {
  if (settings.roadColorMode === 'Amenity distance') {
    const d = minDistanceToPoints(featureMidpoint(feature), amenityPoints);
    const t = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, d / 450));
    return new THREE.Color(0x16a34a).lerp(new THREE.Color(0x9ca3af), t);
  }
  if (settings.roadColorMode === 'Access / traffic') {
    if (!roadAllowsCars(feature)) return new THREE.Color(0x0ea5e9);
    const mode = normalizeAccessText(roadModeText(feature));
    if (/(ana|arter|bulvar|otoyol|primary|trunk)/.test(mode)) return new THREE.Color(0xef4444);
    if (/(cadde|collector|secondary)/.test(mode)) return new THREE.Color(0xf59e0b);
    return new THREE.Color(0x64748b);
  }
  return new THREE.Color(settings.roadColor);
}

function applyTone(value) {
  let v = value / 255;
  v = (v - 0.5) * settings.terrainTextureContrast + 0.5;
  v *= settings.terrainTextureBrightness;
  return Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(v * 255)));
}

function terrainTextureRasterOrientation(image) {
  let resolution = null;
  try {
    resolution = image?.getResolution ? image.getResolution() : null;
  } catch (err) {
    resolution = null;
  }
  const resX = Array.isArray(resolution) ? Number(resolution[0]) : NaN;
  const resY = Array.isArray(resolution) ? Number(resolution[1]) : NaN;
  const rasterXSign = Number.isFinite(resX) && resX !== 0 ? Math.sign(resX) : 1;
  const rasterYSign = Number.isFinite(resY) && resY !== 0 ? Math.sign(resY) : -1;
  return {
    mirrorX: rasterXSign !== LOCAL_X_SIGN,
    mirrorY: rasterYSign > 0
  };
}

function geoTiffImageBounds(image) {
  try {
    const b = image?.getBoundingBox ? image.getBoundingBox() : null;
    if (Array.isArray(b) && b.length >= 4 && b.every(Number.isFinite)) {
      return {
        minX: Math.min(b[0], b[2]),
        maxX: Math.max(b[0], b[2]),
        minY: Math.min(b[1], b[3]),
        maxY: Math.max(b[1], b[3])
      };
    }
  } catch (err) {
    // Fall back to origin/resolution below.
  }

  try {
    const origin = image?.getOrigin ? image.getOrigin() : null;
    const resolution = image?.getResolution ? image.getResolution() : null;
    if (Array.isArray(origin) && Array.isArray(resolution)) {
      const x0 = Number(origin[0]);
      const y0 = Number(origin[1]);
      const x1 = x0 + Number(resolution[0]) * image.getWidth();
      const y1 = y0 + Number(resolution[1]) * image.getHeight();
      if ([x0, y0, x1, y1].every(Number.isFinite)) {
        return {
          minX: Math.min(x0, x1),
          maxX: Math.max(x0, x1),
          minY: Math.min(y0, y1),
          maxY: Math.max(y0, y1)
        };
      }
    }
  } catch (err) {
    return null;
  }
  return null;
}

function terrainTexturePixelForProjected(x, y, canvasWidth, canvasHeight) {
  const width = Math.max(1e-6, bounds.maxX - bounds.minX);
  const depth = Math.max(1e-6, bounds.maxY - bounds.minY);
  const [localX, localZ] = metersToLocal(x, y);
  const px = ((localX + width * 0.5) / width) * canvasWidth;
  const py = ((depth * 0.5 - localZ) / depth) * canvasHeight;
  return [px, py];
}

function terrainTextureAtlasSize(maxSize = 4096) {
  const width = Math.max(1, bounds.maxX - bounds.minX);
  const depth = Math.max(1, bounds.maxY - bounds.minY);
  if (width >= depth) {
    return [maxSize, Math.max(1, Math.round(maxSize * depth / width))];
  }
  return [Math.max(1, Math.round(maxSize * width / depth)), maxSize];
}

function alignTerrainTextureCanvas(sourceCanvas, textureBounds) {
  if (!bounds || !textureBounds) return sourceCanvas;
  const terrainWidth = Math.max(1e-6, bounds.maxX - bounds.minX);
  const terrainDepth = Math.max(1e-6, bounds.maxY - bounds.minY);
  const texWidth = Math.max(1e-6, textureBounds.maxX - textureBounds.minX);
  const texDepth = Math.max(1e-6, textureBounds.maxY - textureBounds.minY);
  const sameExtent =
    Math.abs(textureBounds.minX - bounds.minX) <= terrainWidth * 0.001 &&
    Math.abs(textureBounds.maxX - bounds.maxX) <= terrainWidth * 0.001 &&
    Math.abs(textureBounds.minY - bounds.minY) <= terrainDepth * 0.001 &&
    Math.abs(textureBounds.maxY - bounds.maxY) <= terrainDepth * 0.001;
  if (sameExtent) return sourceCanvas;

  const [atlasW, atlasH] = terrainTextureAtlasSize();
  const atlas = document.createElement('canvas');
  atlas.width = atlasW;
  atlas.height = atlasH;
  const ctx = atlas.getContext('2d');
  ctx.fillStyle = settings.terrainOutsideColor || '#edf2ef';
  ctx.fillRect(0, 0, atlasW, atlasH);
  ctx.imageSmoothingEnabled = true;
  ctx.imageSmoothingQuality = 'high';

  const [xA, yA] = terrainTexturePixelForProjected(textureBounds.minX, textureBounds.maxY, atlasW, atlasH);
  const [xB, yB] = terrainTexturePixelForProjected(textureBounds.maxX, textureBounds.minY, atlasW, atlasH);
  const dx = Math.min(xA, xB);
  const dy = Math.min(yA, yB);
  const dw = Math.abs(xB - xA);
  const dh = Math.abs(yB - yA);
  if (dw < 1 || dh < 1 || texWidth <= 0 || texDepth <= 0) return sourceCanvas;

  ctx.drawImage(sourceCanvas, dx, dy, dw, dh);
  return atlas;
}

async function loadTerrainTextureFromGeoTiff() {
  const target = projectManifest?.terrainTexture?.target;
  if (!target || !settings.showTerrainTexture) return null;
  const res = await fetchWithTimeout(`../data/${target}`, { cache: 'no-store' }, 30000);
  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Terrain texture not found: ${target}`);
  const file = await res.arrayBuffer();
  const tiff = await GeoTIFF.fromArrayBuffer(file);
  const image = await tiff.getImage();
  const w = image.getWidth();
  const h = image.getHeight();
  const maxSize = 4096;
  const scale = Math.min(1, maxSize / Math.max(w, h));
  const outW = Math.max(1, Math.round(w * scale));
  const outH = Math.max(1, Math.round(h * scale));
  const samples = image.getSamplesPerPixel ? image.getSamplesPerPixel() : 1;
  const raster = await image.readRasters({ interleave: true, width: outW, height: outH });
  const orientation = terrainTextureRasterOrientation(image);
  const textureBounds = geoTiffImageBounds(image);
  const sourceCanvas = document.createElement('canvas');
  sourceCanvas.width = outW;
  sourceCanvas.height = outH;
  const ctx = sourceCanvas.getContext('2d');
  const img = ctx.createImageData(outW, outH);
  for (let y = 0; y < outH; y++) {
    const srcY = orientation.mirrorY ? outH - 1 - y : y;
    for (let x = 0; x < outW; x++) {
      const srcX = orientation.mirrorX ? outW - 1 - x : x;
      const src = (srcY * outW + srcX) * samples;
      const dst = (y * outW + x) * 4;
      const gray = raster[src];
      const r = samples >= 3 ? raster[src] : gray;
      const g = samples >= 3 ? raster[src + 1] : gray;
      const b = samples >= 3 ? raster[src + 2] : gray;
      const a = samples >= 4 ? raster[src + 3] : 255;
      img.data[dst] = applyTone(Number(r) || 0);
      img.data[dst + 1] = applyTone(Number(g) || 0);
      img.data[dst + 2] = applyTone(Number(b) || 0);
      img.data[dst + 3] = Number.isFinite(a) ? Math.max(0, Math.min(255, a)) : 255;
    }
  }
  ctx.putImageData(img, 0, 0);
  const canvas = alignTerrainTextureCanvas(sourceCanvas, textureBounds);
  const tex = new THREE.CanvasTexture(canvas);
  // The canvas is normalized to the corrected local map axes; terrain UVs use it directly.
  tex.flipY = false;
  tex.wrapS = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
  tex.wrapT = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
  tex.colorSpace = THREE.SRGBColorSpace;
  tex.needsUpdate = true;
  return tex;
}

async function loadBaseMapTexture() {
  const target = projectManifest?.baseMapTexture?.target;
  if (!target || !settings.showXyzTiles) return null;
  const texture = await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    texLoader.load(`../data/${target}`, resolve, undefined, reject);
  });
  texture.flipY = false;
  texture.wrapS = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
  texture.wrapT = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
  texture.colorSpace = THREE.SRGBColorSpace;
  texture.needsUpdate = true;
  return texture;
}

function demHeightAtProjected(x, y, fallback = 0) {
  if (!demSampler) return fallback;
  if (demSampler.flat) return Number.isFinite(demSampler.flatHeight) ? demSampler.flatHeight : fallback;
  const px = Math.floor((x - demSampler.originX) / demSampler.resX);
  const py = Math.floor((y - demSampler.originY) / demSampler.resY);
  if (px < 0 || px >= demSampler.width || py < 0 || py >= demSampler.height) return fallback;
  const idx = py * demSampler.width + px;
  const v = demSampler.raster[idx];
  if (!Number.isFinite(v)) return fallback;
  if (demSampler.noData !== null && String(v) === String(demSampler.noData)) return fallback;
  return v;
}

function demHeightMedianAtProjected(x, y, fallback = null, radius = 1) {
  if (!demSampler) return fallback;
  if (demSampler.flat) return Number.isFinite(demSampler.flatHeight) ? demSampler.flatHeight : fallback;
  const px = Math.floor((x - demSampler.originX) / demSampler.resX);
  const py = Math.floor((y - demSampler.originY) / demSampler.resY);
  const values = [];
  for (let dy = -radius; dy <= radius; dy++) {
    for (let dx = -radius; dx <= radius; dx++) {
      const sx = px + dx;
      const sy = py + dy;
      if (sx < 0 || sx >= demSampler.width || sy < 0 || sy >= demSampler.height) continue;
      const v = demSampler.raster[sy * demSampler.width + sx];
      if (!Number.isFinite(v)) continue;
      if (demSampler.noData !== null && String(v) === String(demSampler.noData)) continue;
      values.push(v);
    }
  }
  if (!values.length) return fallback;
  values.sort((a, b) => a - b);
  return values[Math.floor(values.length / 2)];
}

async function loadProjectDem() {
  setStatus(t('demLoading'));
  const res = await fetchWithTimeout('../data/dem/mydem.tif', { cache: 'no-store' }, 30000);
  if (!res.ok) throw new Error('DEM not found');
  const file = await res.arrayBuffer();
  const tiff = await GeoTIFF.fromArrayBuffer(file);
  const image = await tiff.getImage();
  const [originXFull, originYFull] = image.getOrigin();
  const [resX, resY] = image.getResolution();
  const wFull = image.getWidth();
  const hFull = image.getHeight();

  let minPx = 0;
  let minPy = 0;
  let maxPx = wFull - 1;
  let maxPy = hFull - 1;
  if (bounds) {
    const pxA = Math.floor((bounds.minX - originXFull) / resX);
    const pxB = Math.floor((bounds.maxX - originXFull) / resX);
    const pyA = Math.floor((bounds.minY - originYFull) / resY);
    const pyB = Math.floor((bounds.maxY - originYFull) / resY);
    minPx = Math.max(0, Math.min(pxA, pxB) - 20);
    maxPx = Math.min(wFull - 1, Math.max(pxA, pxB) + 20);
    minPy = Math.max(0, Math.min(pyA, pyB) - 20);
    maxPy = Math.min(hFull - 1, Math.max(pyA, pyB) + 20);
  }
    const winMinX = Math.max(0, Math.min(minPx, maxPx));
  const winMaxX = Math.min(wFull - 1, Math.max(minPx, maxPx));
  const winMinY = Math.max(0, Math.min(minPy, maxPy));
  const winMaxY = Math.min(hFull - 1, Math.max(minPy, maxPy));
  const raster = await image.readRasters({
    interleave: true,
    window: [winMinX, winMinY, winMaxX + 1, winMaxY + 1]
  });
  const originX = originXFull + winMinX * resX;
  const originY = originYFull + winMinY * resY;
  demSampler = {
    raster,
    originX,
    originY,
    resX,
    resY,
    width: winMaxX - winMinX + 1,
    height: winMaxY - winMinY + 1,
    noData: image.getGDALNoData()
  };
  demReady = true;
  setStatus(`${t('demLoaded')} (mydem.tif).`);
}

function clearGroup(g) {
  if (!g) return;
  disposeObjectResources(g);
  g.clear();
}

function createRoiMaskTexture(width, depth) {
  const roi = layerDataCache?.roi;
  if (!roi || !roi.features || !roi.features.length) return null;
  const size = 1024;
  const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
  canvas.width = size;
  canvas.height = size;
  const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
  ctx.fillStyle = '#000000';
  ctx.fillRect(0, 0, size, size);

  const toPixel = (x, z) => {
    const u = (x + width * 0.5) / width;
    const v = (z + depth * 0.5) / depth;
    return [u * size, v * size];
  };

  ctx.fillStyle = '#ffffff';
  for (const f of roi.features) {
    for (const poly of getPolygonRings(f.geometry)) {
      if (!poly.length) continue;
      ctx.beginPath();
      poly.forEach((ring) => {
        if (!ring || ring.length < 3) return;
        ring.forEach((c, i) => {
          const [lx, lz] = metersToLocal(c[0], c[1]);
          const [px, py] = toPixel(lx, lz);
          if (i === 0) ctx.moveTo(px, py); else ctx.lineTo(px, py);
        });
        ctx.closePath();
      });
      ctx.fill('evenodd');
    }
  }

  const tex = new THREE.CanvasTexture(canvas);
  tex.wrapS = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
  tex.wrapT = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
  tex.needsUpdate = true;
  return tex;
}

function edgeHeightAt(localX, localZ, fallback) {
  const [wx, wy] = localToMeters(localX, localZ);
  let z = demHeightMedianAtProjected(wx, wy, null, 2);
  if (z === null) z = fallback;
  const lo = Number.isFinite(terrainHeightStats.p02) ? terrainHeightStats.p02 : fallback - 20;
  const hi = Number.isFinite(terrainHeightStats.p98) ? terrainHeightStats.p98 : fallback + 20;
  return Math.max(lo, Math.min(hi, z));
}

function smoothSideLineHeights(points, fallbackHeight) {
  const raw = points.map(([x, z]) => edgeHeightAt(x, z, fallbackHeight));
  return raw.map((value, i) => {
    const a = raw[Math.max(0, i - 2)];
    const b = raw[Math.max(0, i - 1)];
    const c = value;
    const d = raw[Math.min(raw.length - 1, i + 1)];
    const e = raw[Math.min(raw.length - 1, i + 2)];
    return (a + b + c * 2 + d + e) / 6;
  });
}

function robustTerrainHeightAtProjected(x, y, fallback) {
  const base = Number.isFinite(fallback) ? fallback : (Number.isFinite(terrainHeightStats.avg) ? terrainHeightStats.avg : 0);
  let z = demHeightMedianAtProjected(x, y, null, 1);
  if (z === null) z = base;
  const lo = Number.isFinite(terrainHeightStats.p02) ? terrainHeightStats.p02 : base - 20;
  const hi = Number.isFinite(terrainHeightStats.p98) ? terrainHeightStats.p98 : base + 20;
  return Math.max(lo, Math.min(hi, z));
}

function terrainHeightStatsFromPositions(pos) {
  const values = [];
  for (let i = 0; i < pos.count; i++) {
    const z = pos.getZ(i);
    if (Number.isFinite(z)) values.push(z);
  }
  if (!values.length) {
    return { min: 0, max: 0, avg: 0, p02: 0, p98: 0, median: 0, mad: 1 };
  }
  values.sort((a, b) => a - b);
  const sum = values.reduce((acc, v) => acc + v, 0);
  const median = values[Math.floor(values.length / 2)];
  const deviations = values.map((v) => Math.abs(v - median)).sort((a, b) => a - b);
  return {
    min: values[0],
    max: values[values.length - 1],
    avg: sum / values.length,
    p02: values[Math.max(0, Math.floor((values.length - 1) * 0.02))],
    p98: values[Math.min(values.length - 1, Math.floor((values.length - 1) * 0.98))],
    median,
    mad: Math.max(0.5, deviations[Math.floor(deviations.length / 2)] || 1)
  };
}

function smoothTerrainSurface(pos, segments, width, depth) {
  const passes = Math.max(0, Math.min(6, Math.round(Number(settings.terrainSmoothingPasses) || 0)));
  if (!passes) return;
  const strength = Math.max(0, Math.min(0.9, Number(settings.terrainSmoothingStrength) || 0));
  if (strength <= 0) return;

  const cols = segments + 1;
  const rows = segments + 1;
  const count = cols * rows;
  let current = new Float32Array(count);
  for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) current[i] = pos.getZ(i);

  const gridStep = Math.max(width / Math.max(1, segments), depth / Math.max(1, segments));
  const maxSlope = Math.max(0.1, Math.min(3.0, Number(settings.terrainMaxSlope) || 0.75));
  const maxDelta = Math.max(0.5, Math.min(16, gridStep * maxSlope));

  for (let pass = 0; pass < passes; pass++) {
    const next = new Float32Array(count);
    for (let row = 0; row < rows; row++) {
      for (let col = 0; col < cols; col++) {
        const idx = row * cols + col;
        const values = [];
        let sum = 0;
        let n = 0;
        for (let dy = -1; dy <= 1; dy++) {
          const rr = row + dy;
          if (rr < 0 || rr >= rows) continue;
          for (let dx = -1; dx <= 1; dx++) {
            const cc = col + dx;
            if (cc < 0 || cc >= cols) continue;
            const v = current[rr * cols + cc];
            if (!Number.isFinite(v)) continue;
            values.push(v);
            sum += v;
            n++;
          }
        }
        if (!values.length) {
          next[idx] = current[idx];
          continue;
        }
        values.sort((a, b) => a - b);
        const med = values[Math.floor(values.length / 2)];
        const mean = sum / n;
        let clamped = current[idx];
        if (clamped > med + maxDelta) clamped = med + maxDelta;
        else if (clamped < med - maxDelta) clamped = med - maxDelta;
        const target = med * 0.62 + mean * 0.25 + clamped * 0.13;
        next[idx] = current[idx] * (1 - strength) + target * strength;
      }
    }
    current = next;
  }

  for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) pos.setZ(i, current[i]);
  pos.needsUpdate = true;
}

function buildTerrainSurfaceCache(pos, segments, width, depth) {
  const values = new Float32Array(pos.count);
  for (let i = 0; i < pos.count; i++) values[i] = pos.getZ(i);
  terrainSurfaceCache = {
    values,
    segments,
    cols: segments + 1,
    rows: segments + 1,
    width,
    depth
  };
}

function terrainSurfaceCacheYAt(localX, localZ) {
  const cache = terrainSurfaceCache;
  if (!cache) return null;
  const fx = ((localX + cache.width * 0.5) / cache.width) * cache.segments;
  const fz = ((localZ + cache.depth * 0.5) / cache.depth) * cache.segments;
  if (fx < 0 || fz < 0 || fx > cache.segments || fz > cache.segments) return null;
  const c0 = Math.max(0, Math.min(cache.segments, Math.floor(fx)));
  const r0 = Math.max(0, Math.min(cache.segments, Math.floor(fz)));
  const c1 = Math.min(cache.segments, c0 + 1);
  const r1 = Math.min(cache.segments, r0 + 1);
  const tx = fx - c0;
  const tz = fz - r0;
  const z00 = cache.values[r0 * cache.cols + c0];
  const z10 = cache.values[r0 * cache.cols + c1];
  const z01 = cache.values[r1 * cache.cols + c0];
  const z11 = cache.values[r1 * cache.cols + c1];
  if (![z00, z10, z01, z11].every(Number.isFinite)) return null;
  const za = z00 * (1 - tx) + z10 * tx;
  const zb = z01 * (1 - tx) + z11 * tx;
  return za * (1 - tz) + zb * tz;
}

function ringToLocalPolyline(ring, maxStep = 5) {
  const points = [];
  if (!ring || ring.length < 2) return points;
  for (let i = 0; i < ring.length - 1; i++) {
    const a = ring[i];
    const b = ring[i + 1];
    const dx = b[0] - a[0];
    const dy = b[1] - a[1];
    const dist = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
    const steps = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(dist / maxStep));
    for (let s = 0; s < steps; s++) {
      const t = s / steps;
      const [x, z] = metersToLocal(a[0] + dx * t, a[1] + dy * t);
      points.push([x, z]);
    }
  }
  const last = ring[ring.length - 1];
  const [x, z] = metersToLocal(last[0], last[1]);
  points.push([x, z]);
  return points;
}

function roiSidePolylines() {
  const roi = layerDataCache?.roi;
  const lines = [];
  for (const feature of roi?.features || []) {
    for (const poly of getPolygonRings(feature.geometry)) {
      const outer = poly[0];
      if (!outer || outer.length < 3) continue;
      lines.push(ringToLocalPolyline(outer));
    }
  }
  return lines.filter((line) => line.length > 1);
}

function demExtentSidePolylines(width, depth) {
  const samples = Math.max(16, Math.floor(currentTerrainSegments() / 2));
  const halfW = width * 0.5;
  const halfD = depth * 0.5;
  const north = [];
  const east = [];
  const south = [];
  const west = [];
  for (let i = 0; i <= samples; i++) {
    const t = i / samples;
    north.push([-halfW + width * t, -halfD]);
    east.push([halfW, -halfD + depth * t]);
    south.push([halfW - width * t, halfD]);
    west.push([-halfW, halfD - depth * t]);
  }
  return [north, east, south, west];
}

function buildTerrainSideSkirt(width, depth, demMin, fallbackHeight) {
  clearGroup(terrainSideGroup);
  if (!settings.showTerrainSides) return;
  const baseY = demMin - Math.max(0, Number(settings.terrainSideDrop) || 0);
  const positions = [];
  const colors = [];
  const indices = [];
  const baseColor = new THREE.Color(settings.terrainSideColor || '#d9fbf5');
  const lowerColor = baseColor.clone().lerp(new THREE.Color(0xffffff), 0.55);

  const addVertex = (x, y, z, color) => {
    positions.push(x, y, z);
    colors.push(color.r, color.g, color.b);
    return positions.length / 3 - 1;
  };
  const addStrip = (points) => {
    let prevTop = null;
    let prevBottom = null;
    const topHeights = smoothSideLineHeights(points, fallbackHeight);
    for (let i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
      const [x, z] = points[i];
      const topY = topHeights[i];
      const top = addVertex(x, topY, z, baseColor);
      const bottom = addVertex(x, baseY, z, lowerColor);
      if (prevTop !== null) {
        indices.push(prevTop, top, prevBottom, top, bottom, prevBottom);
      }
      prevTop = top;
      prevBottom = bottom;
    }
  };

  const roiLines = roiSidePolylines();
  const sideLines = roiLines.length ? roiLines : demExtentSidePolylines(width, depth);
  sideLines.forEach(addStrip);

  const geo = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
  geo.setAttribute('position', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(positions, 3));
  geo.setAttribute('color', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(colors, 3));
  geo.setIndex(indices);
  geo.computeVertexNormals();
  const mat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
    vertexColors: true,
    transparent: false,
    opacity: 1,
    roughness: 0.88,
    metalness: 0.0,
    side: THREE.DoubleSide,
    depthWrite: true
  });
  const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geo, mat);
  mesh.receiveShadow = true;
  mesh.renderOrder = -40;
  terrainSideGroup.add(mesh);

  const addBottomPolygon = (rings) => {
    if (!rings || !rings[0] || rings[0].length < 3) return;
    const outer = rings[0].map((coord) => metersToLocal(coord[0], coord[1]));
    const shape = new THREE.Shape();
    outer.forEach(([x, z], idx) => { if (idx === 0) shape.moveTo(x, z); else shape.lineTo(x, z); });
    for (let r = 1; r < rings.length; r++) {
      const holePts = rings[r].map((coord) => metersToLocal(coord[0], coord[1]));
      if (holePts.length < 3) continue;
      const hole = new THREE.Path();
      holePts.forEach(([x, z], idx) => { if (idx === 0) hole.moveTo(x, z); else hole.lineTo(x, z); });
      shape.holes.push(hole);
    }
    const bottomGeo = new THREE.ShapeGeometry(shape);
    const bottomPos = bottomGeo.attributes.position;
    for (let i = 0; i < bottomPos.count; i++) {
      const x = bottomPos.getX(i);
      const z = bottomPos.getY(i);
      bottomPos.setXYZ(i, x, baseY, z);
    }
    bottomGeo.computeVertexNormals();
    const bottomMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
      color: baseColor,
      roughness: 0.9,
      metalness: 0,
      side: THREE.DoubleSide,
      depthWrite: true
    });
    const bottomMesh = new THREE.Mesh(bottomGeo, bottomMat);
    bottomMesh.receiveShadow = true;
    bottomMesh.renderOrder = -41;
    terrainSideGroup.add(bottomMesh);
  };

  const roiFeatures = layerDataCache?.roi?.features || [];
  if (roiFeatures.length) {
    roiFeatures.forEach((feature) => getPolygonRings(feature.geometry).forEach(addBottomPolygon));
  } else {
    addBottomPolygon([[
      [bounds.minX, bounds.minY],
      [bounds.maxX, bounds.minY],
      [bounds.maxX, bounds.maxY],
      [bounds.minX, bounds.maxY],
      [bounds.minX, bounds.minY]
    ]]);
  }
}

function currentTerrainSegments() {
  const v = Number(settings.demMeshQuality || settings.fastTerrainSegments || 120);
  return Math.max(32, Math.min(420, Math.round(v)));
}

function terrainVertexBoundaryBlend(localX, localY, width, depth) {
  const edgeDistance = Math.min(localX + width * 0.5, width * 0.5 - localX, localY + depth * 0.5, depth * 0.5 - localY);
  const band = Math.max(8, Math.min(width, depth) * 0.035);
  if (edgeDistance >= band) return 0;
  return 1 - Math.max(0, edgeDistance) / band;
}

function pointInRingLocal(x, z, ring) {
  let inside = false;
  for (let i = 0, j = ring.length - 1; i < ring.length; j = i++) {
    const xi = ring[i][0], zi = ring[i][1];
    const xj = ring[j][0], zj = ring[j][1];
    const crosses = (zi > z) !== (zj > z);
    if (crosses) {
      const xAtZ = ((xj - xi) * (z - zi)) / ((zj - zi) || 1e-9) + xi;
      if (x < xAtZ) inside = !inside;
    }
  }
  return inside;
}

function roiLocalPolygons() {
  const polygons = [];
  for (const feature of layerDataCache?.roi?.features || []) {
    for (const poly of getPolygonRings(feature.geometry)) {
      if (!poly?.[0]?.length) continue;
      polygons.push(poly.map((ring) => ring.map((coord) => metersToLocal(coord[0], coord[1]))));
    }
  }
  return polygons;
}

function pointInRoiLocal(x, z, polygons) {
  if (!polygons.length) return true;
  for (const poly of polygons) {
    if (!pointInRingLocal(x, z, poly[0])) continue;
    let inHole = false;
    for (let i = 1; i < poly.length; i++) {
      if (pointInRingLocal(x, z, poly[i])) {
        inHole = true;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (!inHole) return true;
  }
  return false;
}

function limitTerrainBoundarySpikes(pos, segments, width, depth, fallback, roiPolyCache) {
  const cols = segments + 1;
  const rows = segments + 1;
  const count = cols * rows;
  const original = new Float32Array(count);
  const inside = new Uint8Array(count);
  const polygons = roiPolyCache || roiLocalPolygons();
  const hasRoi = polygons.length > 0;
  for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
    original[i] = pos.getZ(i);
    inside[i] = pointInRoiLocal(pos.getX(i), -pos.getY(i), polygons) ? 1 : 0;
  }
  const range = Math.max(1, (terrainHeightStats.p98 || fallback) - (terrainHeightStats.p02 || fallback));
  const riseLimit = Math.max(1.2, Math.min(7.5, range * 0.055));
  const dropLimit = Math.max(1.8, Math.min(10.0, range * 0.080));
  const bboxBand = Math.max(2, Math.ceil(cols * 0.035));
  const radius = 3;

  const medianAround = (row, col) => {
    const values = [];
    for (let dy = -radius; dy <= radius; dy++) {
      const rr = row + dy;
      if (rr < 0 || rr >= rows) continue;
      for (let dx = -radius; dx <= radius; dx++) {
        const cc = col + dx;
        if (cc < 0 || cc >= cols) continue;
        const v = original[rr * cols + cc];
        if (Number.isFinite(v)) values.push(v);
      }
    }
    if (!values.length) return fallback;
    values.sort((a, b) => a - b);
    return values[Math.floor(values.length / 2)];
  };

  for (let row = 0; row < rows; row++) {
    for (let col = 0; col < cols; col++) {
      const idx = row * cols + col;
      let boundary = row < bboxBand || col < bboxBand || row >= rows - bboxBand || col >= cols - bboxBand;
      if (hasRoi && !boundary) {
        const here = inside[idx];
        boundary =
          inside[Math.max(0, row - 1) * cols + col] !== here ||
          inside[Math.min(rows - 1, row + 1) * cols + col] !== here ||
          inside[row * cols + Math.max(0, col - 1)] !== here ||
          inside[row * cols + Math.min(cols - 1, col + 1)] !== here;
      }
      if (!boundary) continue;
      const z = original[idx];
      const med = medianAround(row, col);
      if (!Number.isFinite(z) || !Number.isFinite(med)) continue;
      if (z > med + riseLimit) {
        pos.setZ(idx, med + riseLimit * 0.30);
      } else if (z < med - dropLimit) {
        pos.setZ(idx, med - dropLimit * 0.50);
      }
    }
  }
  pos.needsUpdate = true;
}

function distanceToRingLocal(x, z, ring) {
  let minD2 = Infinity;
  for (let i = 0, j = ring.length - 1; i < ring.length; j = i++) {
    const ax = ring[j][0], az = ring[j][1];
    const bx = ring[i][0], bz = ring[i][1];
    const dx = bx - ax, dz = bz - az;
    const len2 = dx * dx + dz * dz;
    let t = len2 > 0 ? ((x - ax) * dx + (z - az) * dz) / len2 : 0;
    if (t < 0) t = 0; else if (t > 1) t = 1;
    const px = ax + t * dx, pz = az + t * dz;
    const dxp = x - px, dzp = z - pz;
    const d2 = dxp * dxp + dzp * dzp;
    if (d2 < minD2) minD2 = d2;
  }
  return Math.sqrt(minD2);
}

function pointInLocalPolys(x, z, localPolys) {
  for (const localRings of localPolys) {
    const outer = localRings[0];
    if (!outer || outer.length < 3) continue;
    if (pointInRingLocal(x, z, outer)) {
      let inHole = false;
      for (let h = 1; h < localRings.length; h++) {
        if (pointInRingLocal(x, z, localRings[h])) { inHole = true; break; }
      }
      if (!inHole) return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

function shapeFromLocalPolygon(poly) {
  const outer = poly?.[0];
  if (!outer || outer.length < 3) return null;
  const shape = new THREE.Shape();
  outer.forEach((c, i) => {
    const [x, z] = metersToLocal(c[0], c[1]);
    if (i === 0) shape.moveTo(x, z); else shape.lineTo(x, z);
  });
  for (let h = 1; h < poly.length; h++) {
    const ring = poly[h];
    if (!ring || ring.length < 3) continue;
    const path = new THREE.Path();
    ring.forEach((c, i) => {
      const [x, z] = metersToLocal(c[0], c[1]);
      if (i === 0) path.moveTo(x, z); else path.lineTo(x, z);
    });
    shape.holes.push(path);
  }
  return shape;
}

function offsetRing(ring, distance, isHole) {
  if (!ring || !Array.isArray(ring)) return null;
  const pts = [];
  for (const pt of ring) {
    if (!pt || pt.length < 2) continue;
    const [x, z] = metersToLocal(pt[0], pt[1]);
    if (!Number.isFinite(x) || !Number.isFinite(z)) continue;
    const v = new THREE.Vector2(x, z);
    if (pts.length === 0 || pts[pts.length - 1].distanceTo(v) > 0.001) {
      pts.push(v);
    }
  }
  if (pts.length > 2 && pts[0].distanceTo(pts[pts.length - 1]) < 0.001) {
    pts.pop();
  }
  const n = pts.length;
  if (n < 3) return null;
  let area = 0;
  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    const p1 = pts[i];
    const p2 = pts[(i + 1) % n];
    area += (p1.x * p2.y - p2.x * p1.y);
  }
  const ccw = area > 0;
  const dirSign = (ccw !== isHole) ? 1 : -1;
  const newPts = [];
  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    const prev = pts[(i - 1 + n) % n];
    const curr = pts[i];
    const next = pts[(i + 1) % n];
    
    const len1 = curr.distanceTo(prev);
    const len2 = next.distanceTo(curr);
    if (len1 < 0.001 || len2 < 0.001) {
      newPts.push(new THREE.Vector2(curr.x, curr.y));
      continue;
    }
    
    const d1 = new THREE.Vector2().subVectors(curr, prev).divideScalar(len1);
    const d2 = new THREE.Vector2().subVectors(next, curr).divideScalar(len2);
    const n1 = new THREE.Vector2(-d1.y, d1.x);
    const n2 = new THREE.Vector2(-d2.y, d2.x);
    
    const sum = new THREE.Vector2().addVectors(n1, n2);
    let bisector;
    if (sum.lengthSq() < 0.0001) {
      bisector = new THREE.Vector2(n1.x, n1.y);
    } else {
      bisector = sum.normalize();
    }
    
    const cosHalf = bisector.dot(n1);
    const scale = cosHalf > 0.1 ? 1 / cosHalf : 1.0;
    const offset = new THREE.Vector2().addScaledVector(bisector, distance * scale * dirSign).add(curr);
    newPts.push(offset);
  }
  return newPts;
}

function shapeFromInsetPolygon(poly, distance) {
  if (!poly || !poly.length) return null;
  if (distance <= 0) return shapeFromLocalPolygon(poly);
  const outerLocal = offsetRing(poly[0], distance, false);
  if (!outerLocal || outerLocal.length < 3) return null;
  const hasNan = outerLocal.some(pt => !Number.isFinite(pt.x) || !Number.isFinite(pt.y));
  if (hasNan) return null;
  
  let area = 0;
  const n = outerLocal.length;
  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    const p1 = outerLocal[i];
    const p2 = outerLocal[(i + 1) % n];
    area += (p1.x * p2.y - p2.x * p1.y);
  }
  if (Math.abs(area) < 5.0) {
    return shapeFromLocalPolygon(poly);
  }
  const shape = new THREE.Shape();
  outerLocal.forEach((pt, i) => {
    if (i === 0) shape.moveTo(pt.x, pt.y); else shape.lineTo(pt.x, pt.y);
  });
  for (let h = 1; h < poly.length; h++) {
    const ring = poly[h];
    if (!ring || ring.length < 3) continue;
    const holeLocal = offsetRing(ring, distance, true);
    if (!holeLocal || holeLocal.length < 3) continue;
    const holeHasNan = holeLocal.some(pt => !Number.isFinite(pt.x) || !Number.isFinite(pt.y));
    if (holeHasNan) continue;
    
    const path = new THREE.Path();
    holeLocal.forEach((pt, i) => {
      if (i === 0) path.moveTo(pt.x, pt.y); else path.lineTo(pt.x, pt.y);
    });
    shape.holes.push(path);
  }
  return shape;
}

function isSceneBuildStale(token) {
  return token !== sceneBuildToken;
}

function islandOpacityValue() {
  const transparency = Math.max(0, Math.min(0.95, Number(settings.islandTransparency) || 0));
  return Math.max(0.05, 1 - transparency);
}

function applyIslandMaterialVisibility(material) {
  const opacity = islandOpacityValue();
  material.opacity = opacity;
  material.transparent = opacity < 0.999;
  material.depthWrite = opacity >= 0.999;
  return material;
}

function shouldApplyIslandPlateaus(adalar) {
  if (!settings.flattenIslands || !adalar?.features?.length) return false;
  return !!(settings.showIslands || settings.showBuildings || settings.showHardscape || settings.showTrees || settings.showFurniture);
}

function applyIslandPlateaus(pos, segments, width, depth, adalar, transitionM) {
  islandPlateauCache.length = 0;
  if (!adalar?.features?.length) return;
  const count = pos.count;

  for (const feature of adalar.features) {
    const rings = getPolygonRings(feature.geometry);
    if (!rings.length) continue;
    const localPolys = rings.map((poly) => poly.map((ring) => ring.map((c) => metersToLocal(c[0], c[1]))));

    let bboxMinX = Infinity, bboxMaxX = -Infinity, bboxMinZ = Infinity, bboxMaxZ = -Infinity;
    for (const localRings of localPolys) {
      for (const r of localRings) {
        for (let p = 0; p < r.length; p++) {
          const px = r[p][0];
          const pz = r[p][1];
          if (px < bboxMinX) bboxMinX = px;
          if (px > bboxMaxX) bboxMaxX = px;
          if (pz < bboxMinZ) bboxMinZ = pz;
          if (pz > bboxMaxZ) bboxMaxZ = pz;
        }
      }
    }
    if (!Number.isFinite(bboxMinX)) continue;

    const insideIdx = [];
    const heights = [];
    for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
      const lx = pos.getX(i);
      const lz = -pos.getY(i);
      if (lx < bboxMinX || lx > bboxMaxX || lz < bboxMinZ || lz > bboxMaxZ) continue;
      if (pointInLocalPolys(lx, lz, localPolys)) {
        insideIdx.push(i);
        heights.push(pos.getZ(i));
      }
    }
    if (!heights.length) continue;
    heights.sort((a, b) => a - b);
    const plateauY = heights[Math.floor(heights.length / 2)];

    for (let k = 0; k < insideIdx.length; k++) {
      pos.setZ(insideIdx[k], plateauY);
    }

    if (transitionM > 0) {
      const expMinX = bboxMinX - transitionM;
      const expMaxX = bboxMaxX + transitionM;
      const expMinZ = bboxMinZ - transitionM;
      const expMaxZ = bboxMaxZ + transitionM;
      for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        const lx = pos.getX(i);
        const lz = -pos.getY(i);
        if (lx < expMinX || lx > expMaxX || lz < expMinZ || lz > expMaxZ) continue;
        if (pointInLocalPolys(lx, lz, localPolys)) continue;
        let minDist = Infinity;
        for (const localRings of localPolys) {
          for (const r of localRings) {
            const d = distanceToRingLocal(lx, lz, r);
            if (d < minDist) minDist = d;
          }
        }
        if (minDist < transitionM) {
          let t = 1 - minDist / transitionM;
          t = t * t * (3 - 2 * t);
          const z = pos.getZ(i);
          pos.setZ(i, z * (1 - t) + plateauY * t);
        }
      }
    }

    islandPlateauCache.push({
      feature,
      localRings: localPolys,
      plateauY,
      bbox: { minX: bboxMinX, maxX: bboxMaxX, minZ: bboxMinZ, maxZ: bboxMaxZ },
      transition: transitionM
    });
  }

  pos.needsUpdate = true;
}

async function buildTerrain(adalar, buildToken = sceneBuildToken) {
  const width = bounds.maxX - bounds.minX;
  const depth = bounds.maxY - bounds.minY;
  const segments = currentTerrainSegments();
  const geo = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(width, depth, segments, segments);
  const pos = geo.attributes.position;
  let zMin = Infinity;
  let zMax = -Infinity;

  let sumZ = 0;
  let countZ = 0;
  const validHeights = [];

  for (let i = 0; i < pos.count; i++) {
    const lx = pos.getX(i);
    const ly = pos.getY(i);
    const [wx, wy] = localToMeters(lx, -ly);
    const z = demHeightAtProjected(wx, wy, null);
    if (z !== null) {
      zMin = Math.min(zMin, z);
      zMax = Math.max(zMax, z);
      sumZ += z;
      countZ++;
      validHeights.push(z);
    }
  }

  const avgZ = countZ > 0 ? sumZ / countZ : 0;
  if (zMin === Infinity) { zMin = avgZ; zMax = avgZ; }
  validHeights.sort((a, b) => a - b);
  const percentile = (p, fallback) => validHeights.length ? validHeights[Math.max(0, Math.min(validHeights.length - 1, Math.floor((validHeights.length - 1) * p)))] : fallback;
  const medianZ = validHeights.length ? validHeights[Math.floor(validHeights.length / 2)] : avgZ;
  let madZ = 1;
  if (validHeights.length) {
    const deviations = validHeights.map((v) => Math.abs(v - medianZ));
    deviations.sort((a, b) => a - b);
    madZ = Math.max(0.5, deviations[Math.floor(deviations.length / 2)] || 1);
  }
  terrainHeightStats = {
    min: zMin,
    max: zMax,
    avg: avgZ,
    p02: percentile(0.02, zMin),
    p98: percentile(0.98, zMax),
    median: medianZ,
    mad: madZ
  };
  const lowFloor = medianZ - 3 * madZ;

  const roiPolyCache = roiLocalPolygons();
  const hasRoiCache = roiPolyCache.length > 0;
  for (let i = 0; i < pos.count; i++) {
    const lx = pos.getX(i);
    const ly = pos.getY(i);
    const [wx, wy] = localToMeters(lx, -ly);
    let z = robustTerrainHeightAtProjected(wx, wy, avgZ);
    if (z === null) z = avgZ;
    if (hasRoiCache && !pointInRoiLocal(lx, -ly, roiPolyCache)) {
      const outsideZ = demHeightMedianAtProjected(wx, wy, avgZ, 3);
      z = Number.isFinite(outsideZ) ? outsideZ : avgZ;
    }
    if (z < lowFloor) {
      const repaired = demHeightMedianAtProjected(wx, wy, lowFloor, 3);
      z = Number.isFinite(repaired) && repaired >= lowFloor ? repaired : lowFloor;
    }
    const edgeBlend = terrainVertexBoundaryBlend(lx, ly, width, depth);
    if (edgeBlend > 0) {
      const smoothZ = demHeightMedianAtProjected(wx, wy, z, 3);
      z = z * (1 - edgeBlend) + smoothZ * edgeBlend;
    }
    pos.setZ(i, z);
  }
  limitTerrainBoundarySpikes(pos, segments, width, depth, avgZ, roiPolyCache);
  smoothTerrainSurface(pos, segments, width, depth);
  if (shouldApplyIslandPlateaus(adalar)) {
    applyIslandPlateaus(pos, segments, width, depth, adalar, settings.islandPlateauTransition);
  } else {
    islandPlateauCache.length = 0;
  }
  const finalStats = terrainHeightStatsFromPositions(pos);
  terrainHeightStats = finalStats;
  zMin = finalStats.min;
  zMax = finalStats.max;
  buildTerrainSurfaceCache(pos, segments, width, depth);
  geo.computeVertexNormals();
  const useTopoTint = settings.terrainAnalysisMode && settings.terrainAnalysisMode !== 'Texture';
  if (useTopoTint) {
    const colors = [];
    const normals = geo.attributes.normal;
    for (let i = 0; i < pos.count; i++) {
      const z = pos.getZ(i);
      let color;
      if (settings.terrainAnalysisMode === 'Slope tint') {
        const steep = 1 - Math.max(0, Math.min(1, normals.getZ(i)));
        color = new THREE.Color().setHSL(0.33 - steep * 0.33, 0.72, 0.46 + steep * 0.10);
      } else {
        const tZ = (z - zMin) / Math.max(1e-6, zMax - zMin);
        color = new THREE.Color().setHSL(0.58 - tZ * 0.45, 0.62, 0.42 + tZ * 0.18);
      }
      colors.push(color.r, color.g, color.b);
    }
    geo.setAttribute('color', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(colors, 3));
  }

  const useBaseMapTexture = settings.showXyzTiles && baseMapTexture;
  const useRasterTexture = !useBaseMapTexture && isRasterTextureMode() && settings.showTerrainTexture && terrainTexture;
  const groundTex = useBaseMapTexture
    ? baseMapTexture
    : (useRasterTexture
      ? terrainTexture
    : (settings.pavementStyle === 'Asphalt'
      ? createAsphaltTexture()
      : await textureFromSet('pavement', settings.pavementStyle,
        width / Math.max(2, settings.terrainTileMeters || 60),
        depth / Math.max(2, settings.terrainTileMeters || 60))));
  if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) {
    geo.dispose();
    disposeTexture(groundTex);
    return false;
  }
  const terrainOpacity = useRasterTexture ? settings.terrainTextureOpacity : 1;
  const roiMaskTexture = createRoiMaskTexture(width, depth);
  const clipTerrainToRoi = !settings.showOutsideRoiTerrain && !!roiMaskTexture;
  const maskTextureToRoi = settings.showOutsideRoiTerrain && !useTopoTint && !!roiMaskTexture && !!groundTex;
  const materialOptions = {
    color: maskTextureToRoi ? new THREE.Color(settings.terrainOutsideColor || '#edf2ef') : 0xffffff,
    map: useTopoTint || maskTextureToRoi ? null : groundTex,
    alphaMap: clipTerrainToRoi ? roiMaskTexture : null,
    alphaTest: clipTerrainToRoi ? 0.02 : 0,
    vertexColors: useTopoTint,
    transparent: clipTerrainToRoi || (!maskTextureToRoi && terrainOpacity < 1),
    opacity: maskTextureToRoi ? 1 : terrainOpacity,
    roughness: (useRasterTexture || useBaseMapTexture) ? 0.82 : 0.95,
    metalness: 0.02,
    depthWrite: true
  };
  const mat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial(materialOptions);
  terrainMesh = new THREE.Mesh(geo, mat);
  terrainMesh.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2;
  terrainMesh.receiveShadow = true;
  terrainMesh.renderOrder = -30;
  world.add(terrainMesh);
  if (maskTextureToRoi) {
    const overlayMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
      map: groundTex,
      alphaMap: roiMaskTexture,
      alphaTest: 0.02,
      transparent: true,
      opacity: terrainOpacity,
      roughness: (useRasterTexture || useBaseMapTexture) ? 0.82 : 0.95,
      metalness: 0.02,
      depthWrite: false,
      polygonOffset: true,
      polygonOffsetFactor: -1,
      polygonOffsetUnits: -1
    });
    terrainOverlayMesh = new THREE.Mesh(geo.clone(), overlayMat);
    terrainOverlayMesh.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2;
    terrainOverlayMesh.receiveShadow = false;
    terrainOverlayMesh.renderOrder = -29;
    world.add(terrainOverlayMesh);
  }
  buildTerrainSideSkirt(width, depth, zMin, finalStats.avg);
  _lastTerrainY = finalStats.avg;   // fallback için kararlı terrain yüksekliğini başlat
  const terrainLabel = demSampler?.flat ? 'Flat terrain plane' : 'mydem.tif';
  setStatus(`${t('demLoaded')} (${terrainLabel}). Z: ${zMin.toFixed(1)} - ${zMax.toFixed(1)} m`);
  return true;
}

/* terrainLocalYAt: DEM'den doğrudan yükseklik okur.
 * Raycasting KULLANMAZ — demHeightAtProjected ile aynı kaynağı kullanır.
 * Terrain mesh segment çözünürlüğüne bağımlılık ortadan kalkar. */
let _lastTerrainY = 0;
function terrainLocalYAt(localX, localZ) {
  if (islandPlateauCache.length) {
    for (const cache of islandPlateauCache) {
      const t = cache.transition || 0;
      if (localX < cache.bbox.minX - t || localX > cache.bbox.maxX + t) continue;
      if (localZ < cache.bbox.minZ - t || localZ > cache.bbox.maxZ + t) continue;
      if (pointInLocalPolys(localX, localZ, cache.localRings)) {
        return cache.plateauY;
      }
    }
  }
  const cachedY = terrainSurfaceCacheYAt(localX, localZ);
  if (cachedY !== null) {
    return cachedY;
  }
  if (!demSampler || demSampler.flat) return _lastTerrainY;
  const [wx, wy] = localToMeters(localX, localZ);
  const z = robustTerrainHeightAtProjected(wx, wy, null);
  if (z !== null) {
    return z;
  }
  return _lastTerrainY;
}

/* Collapse coincident vertices of a non-indexed BufferGeometry into an indexed
 * one with shared vertices, so computeVertexNormals can produce smooth shading
 * across shared edges. Tolerance in scene units. */
function indexAndMergeNonIndexed(geometry, tolerance = 0.01) {
  if (geometry.index) return geometry;
  const posAttr = geometry.attributes.position;
  const uvAttr = geometry.attributes.uv;
  if (!posAttr) return geometry;
  const positions = posAttr.array;
  const uvs = uvAttr ? uvAttr.array : null;
  const count = positions.length / 3;
  const inv = 1 / Math.max(tolerance, 1e-6);
  const uniquePositions = [];
  const uniqueUvs = uvs ? [] : null;
  const indices = new Array(count);
  const map = new Map();
  for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
    const x = positions[i * 3];
    const y = positions[i * 3 + 1];
    const z = positions[i * 3 + 2];
    const key = `${Math.round(x * inv)}|${Math.round(y * inv)}|${Math.round(z * inv)}`;
    let idx = map.get(key);
    if (idx === undefined) {
      idx = uniquePositions.length / 3;
      uniquePositions.push(x, y, z);
      if (uvs) uniqueUvs.push(uvs[i * 2], uvs[i * 2 + 1]);
      map.set(key, idx);
    }
    indices[i] = idx;
  }
  const out = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
  out.setAttribute('position', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(uniquePositions, 3));
  if (uniqueUvs) out.setAttribute('uv', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(uniqueUvs, 2));
  out.setIndex(indices);
  return out;
}

function subdivideShapeGeometry(geometry, maxEdgeLen) {
  // Conforming 4-1 (Loop-style) subdivision: every triangle is split into 4
  // children at the midpoints of ALL three edges. Because two neighbouring
  // triangles share an edge, both compute the exact same midpoint, so the
  // resulting mesh is watertight (no T-vertices, no gaps). Earlier code
  // bisected only the longest edge per triangle, which produced T-vertex
  // cracks visible after DEM drape.
  let geo = geometry.index ? geometry.toNonIndexed() : geometry;
  const maxIterations = 6;
  for (let iter = 0; iter < maxIterations; iter++) {
    const positions = geo.attributes.position.array;
    const uvs = geo.attributes.uv ? geo.attributes.uv.array : null;
    const triCount = positions.length / 9;

    // Decide whether further subdivision is needed (longest edge > target).
    let maxEdge = 0;
    for (let i = 0; i < triCount; i++) {
      const ax = positions[i * 9],     az = positions[i * 9 + 2];
      const bx = positions[i * 9 + 3], bz = positions[i * 9 + 5];
      const cx = positions[i * 9 + 6], cz = positions[i * 9 + 8];
      const d1 = Math.hypot(ax - bx, az - bz);
      const d2 = Math.hypot(bx - cx, bz - cz);
      const d3 = Math.hypot(cx - ax, cz - az);
      if (d1 > maxEdge) maxEdge = d1;
      if (d2 > maxEdge) maxEdge = d2;
      if (d3 > maxEdge) maxEdge = d3;
    }
    if (maxEdge <= maxEdgeLen) break;

    const newPos = new Array(triCount * 4 * 9);
    const newUv = uvs ? new Array(triCount * 4 * 6) : null;
    let pi = 0;
    let ui = 0;
    for (let i = 0; i < triCount; i++) {
      const ax = positions[i * 9],     ay = positions[i * 9 + 1], az = positions[i * 9 + 2];
      const bx = positions[i * 9 + 3], by = positions[i * 9 + 4], bz = positions[i * 9 + 5];
      const cx = positions[i * 9 + 6], cy = positions[i * 9 + 7], cz = positions[i * 9 + 8];
      const mabx = (ax + bx) / 2, maby = (ay + by) / 2, mabz = (az + bz) / 2;
      const mbcx = (bx + cx) / 2, mbcy = (by + cy) / 2, mbcz = (bz + cz) / 2;
      const mcax = (cx + ax) / 2, mcay = (cy + ay) / 2, mcaz = (cz + az) / 2;
      // 4 triangles: corner_a, corner_b, corner_c, central
      // [A, Mab, Mca]
      newPos[pi++] = ax;   newPos[pi++] = ay;   newPos[pi++] = az;
      newPos[pi++] = mabx; newPos[pi++] = maby; newPos[pi++] = mabz;
      newPos[pi++] = mcax; newPos[pi++] = mcay; newPos[pi++] = mcaz;
      // [Mab, B, Mbc]
      newPos[pi++] = mabx; newPos[pi++] = maby; newPos[pi++] = mabz;
      newPos[pi++] = bx;   newPos[pi++] = by;   newPos[pi++] = bz;
      newPos[pi++] = mbcx; newPos[pi++] = mbcy; newPos[pi++] = mbcz;
      // [Mca, Mbc, C]
      newPos[pi++] = mcax; newPos[pi++] = mcay; newPos[pi++] = mcaz;
      newPos[pi++] = mbcx; newPos[pi++] = mbcy; newPos[pi++] = mbcz;
      newPos[pi++] = cx;   newPos[pi++] = cy;   newPos[pi++] = cz;
      // [Mab, Mbc, Mca] central
      newPos[pi++] = mabx; newPos[pi++] = maby; newPos[pi++] = mabz;
      newPos[pi++] = mbcx; newPos[pi++] = mbcy; newPos[pi++] = mbcz;
      newPos[pi++] = mcax; newPos[pi++] = mcay; newPos[pi++] = mcaz;
      if (uvs) {
        const au = uvs[i * 6],     av = uvs[i * 6 + 1];
        const bu = uvs[i * 6 + 2], bv = uvs[i * 6 + 3];
        const cu = uvs[i * 6 + 4], cv = uvs[i * 6 + 5];
        const mabu = (au + bu) / 2, mabv = (av + bv) / 2;
        const mbcu = (bu + cu) / 2, mbcv = (bv + cv) / 2;
        const mcau = (cu + au) / 2, mcav = (cv + av) / 2;
        newUv[ui++] = au;   newUv[ui++] = av;
        newUv[ui++] = mabu; newUv[ui++] = mabv;
        newUv[ui++] = mcau; newUv[ui++] = mcav;
        newUv[ui++] = mabu; newUv[ui++] = mabv;
        newUv[ui++] = bu;   newUv[ui++] = bv;
        newUv[ui++] = mbcu; newUv[ui++] = mbcv;
        newUv[ui++] = mcau; newUv[ui++] = mcav;
        newUv[ui++] = mbcu; newUv[ui++] = mbcv;
        newUv[ui++] = cu;   newUv[ui++] = cv;
        newUv[ui++] = mabu; newUv[ui++] = mabv;
        newUv[ui++] = mbcu; newUv[ui++] = mbcv;
        newUv[ui++] = mcau; newUv[ui++] = mcav;
      }
    }
    const next = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
    next.setAttribute('position', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(newPos, 3));
    if (newUv) next.setAttribute('uv', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(newUv, 2));
    geo = next;
  }
  return geo;
}

// --- Block Category Styling Infrastructure ---


function blockCategoryValue(properties) {
  const p = properties || {};
  const field = projectManifest?.fieldMappings?.block_category_field;
  // OSM greens carry leisure / landuse / natural; pick the first non-empty.
  for (const k of [field, 'leisure', 'landuse', 'natural', 'uipfonksiyon', 'arazi_kull', 'category', 'function']) {
    if (k && p[k] !== undefined && p[k] !== null && String(p[k]).trim() !== '') return p[k];
  }
  return 'Residential';
}

function defaultBlockCategoryStyle(cat, index = 0) {
  const c = cat.toUpperCase();
  let color = ['#f5e4c2', '#bfdbfe', '#fee2e2', '#dcfce7', '#fef3c7', '#ede9fe'][index % 6];
  let texture = 'None';
  // Parking first: 'PARKING' contains 'PARK', so it must be caught before the green
  // PARK rule below, otherwise a car park would render as a green park.
  if (c.includes('PARKING')) {
    return { color: '#73787e', texture: 'CivicGravel' };
  }
  // Paved public squares/plazas (pedestrian/footway areas, town squares, markets) —
  // a light stone pavement, distinct from the darker asphalt of car parks. Caught
  // before the green PARK rule for the same substring reason as parking.
  if (c.includes('PEDESTRIAN') || c.includes('PLAZA') || c.includes('SQUARE') || c.includes('MARKET')) {
    return { color: '#bdb8b0', texture: 'CivicGravel' };
  }
  if (c.includes('GRASS') || c.includes('MEADOW') || c.includes('FOREST') || c.includes('WOOD') || c.includes('RECREATION') || c.includes('CEMETERY') || c.includes('SCRUB') || c.includes('GARDEN') || c.includes('ORCHARD') || c.includes('VINEYARD') || c.includes('FARMLAND') || c.includes('ALLOTMENT') || c.includes('HEATH') || c.includes('NATURE') || c.includes('GOLF') || c.includes('COMMON')) {
    return { color: '#5e9e3e', texture: 'ParkGreen' };
  }
  if (c.includes('PITCH')) {
    return { color: '#4a8c30', texture: 'FineGrid' };
  }
  if (c.includes('PARK') || c.includes('GREEN') || c.includes('YEŞİL') || c.includes('ORMAN') || c.includes('PLAYGROUND') || c.includes('BAHÇE')) {
    color = '#5e9e3e';
    texture = 'ParkGreen';
  } else if (c.includes('WATER') || c.includes('SU') || c.includes('GÖL') || c.includes('DENİZ') || c.includes('NEHİR')) {
    color = '#0f5e9c';
    texture = 'Water';
  } else if (c.includes('SPORT') || c.includes('SPOR')) {
    color = '#4a8c30';
    texture = 'FineGrid';
  } else if (c.includes('RESIDENT') || c.includes('KONUT')) {
    color = '#d6c8a6';
    texture = 'ResidentialBeige';
  } else if (c.includes('CIVIC') || c.includes('KAMU') || c.includes('COMMERCIAL') || c.includes('TİCARET') || c.includes('SCHOOL') || c.includes('OKUL')) {
    color = '#b6b3a8';
    texture = 'CivicGravel';
  }
  return { color, texture };
}

function ensureBlockCategoryStyle(cat, index = 0) {
  if (!blockCategoryStyleState[cat] || !blockCategoryStyleState[cat].color || !blockCategoryStyleState[cat].texture) {
    const fallback = defaultBlockCategoryStyle(cat, index);
    blockCategoryStyleState[cat] = {
      color: blockCategoryStyleState[cat]?.color || fallback.color,
      texture: blockCategoryStyleState[cat]?.texture || fallback.texture
    };
  }
  blockCategoryColorState[cat] = blockCategoryStyleState[cat].color;
  blockCategoryTextureState[cat] = blockCategoryStyleState[cat].texture;
  return blockCategoryStyleState[cat];
}

function loadBlockCategoryStyles() {
  if (isPortableMode) return;
  try {
    const raw = localStorage.getItem(BLOCK_STYLE_STORAGE_KEY);
    if (raw) {
      const parsed = JSON.parse(raw);
      Object.entries(parsed || {}).forEach(([k, v]) => {
        blockCategoryStyleState[k] = v;
      });
    }
  } catch (err) {
    console.warn('Could not restore block category styles', err);
  }
}

function saveBlockCategoryStyles() {
  if (isPortableMode) return;
  try {
    localStorage.setItem(BLOCK_STYLE_STORAGE_KEY, JSON.stringify(blockCategoryStyleState));
  } catch (err) {
    console.warn('Could not save block category styles', err);
  }
}

function renderBlockCategoryStyleDock() {
  const host = document.getElementById('block-style-controls');
  if (!host) return;
  const keys = Object.keys(blockCategoryColorState).sort();
  if (!keys.length) {
    host.innerHTML = `<p class="dock-note">Block categories appear after data is loaded.</p>`;
    return;
  }
  host.innerHTML = '';
  const islandOptions = Object.keys(textureSets.island);
  const makeSelect = (options, value, labelFn) => {
    const select = document.createElement('select');
    options.forEach((item) => {
      const opt = document.createElement('option');
      opt.value = item;
      opt.textContent = labelFn ? labelFn(item) : item;
      select.appendChild(opt);
    });
    select.value = value;
    return select;
  };
  const makeField = (labelText, control) => {
    const label = document.createElement('label');
    label.className = 'function-style-field';
    const span = document.createElement('span');
    span.textContent = labelText;
    label.append(span, control);
    return label;
  };
  keys.forEach((key, index) => {
    const style = ensureBlockCategoryStyle(key, index);
    const card = document.createElement('div');
    card.className = 'function-style-card';

    const header = document.createElement('div');
    header.className = 'function-style-header';
    const name = document.createElement('strong');
    name.textContent = key;
    name.title = key;
    const color = document.createElement('input');
    color.type = 'color';
    color.value = style.color;
    color.title = 'Block color';
    color.addEventListener('input', () => {
      style.color = color.value;
      blockCategoryColorState[key] = color.value;
      saveBlockCategoryStyles();
      requestFunctionStyleRebuild();
    });
    header.append(name, color);

    const grid = document.createElement('div');
    grid.className = 'function-style-grid';

    const islandTex = makeSelect(islandOptions, style.texture);
    islandTex.addEventListener('change', () => {
      style.texture = islandTex.value;
      blockCategoryTextureState[key] = style.texture;
      saveBlockCategoryStyles();
      rebuildScene();
    });

    grid.append(makeField('Texture', islandTex));
    card.append(header, grid);
    host.append(card);
  });
}

// --- Procedural Textures Helper Functions ---
function createWaterTexture() {
  const c = document.createElement('canvas');
  c.width = 128; c.height = 128;
  const ctx = c.getContext('2d');
  ctx.fillStyle = '#0f5e9c';
  ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 128, 128);
  for (let band = 0; band < 5; band++) {
    ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(255,255,255,0.18)';
    ctx.lineWidth = 1.0;
    ctx.beginPath();
    const yBand = band * 25 + 5 + Math.random() * 5;
    ctx.moveTo(0, yBand);
    for (let x = 0; x <= 128; x += 6) {
      ctx.lineTo(x, yBand + Math.sin(x * 0.25 + band * 1.5) * 1.8);
    }
    ctx.stroke();
  }
  const t = new THREE.CanvasTexture(c);
  t.wrapS = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
  t.wrapT = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
  t.repeat.set(1, 1);
  return t;
}

function createSteelFenceTexture() {
  const c = document.createElement('canvas');
  c.width = 64; c.height = 64;
  const ctx = c.getContext('2d');
  ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(0,0,0,0)';
  ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 64, 64);
  ctx.strokeStyle = '#94a3b8';
  ctx.lineWidth = 4;
  ctx.beginPath();
  ctx.moveTo(0, 0); ctx.lineTo(64, 64);
  ctx.moveTo(64, 0); ctx.lineTo(0, 64);
  ctx.stroke();
  ctx.strokeStyle = '#475569';
  ctx.lineWidth = 6;
  ctx.strokeRect(0, 0, 64, 64);
  const t = new THREE.CanvasTexture(c);
  t.wrapS = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
  t.wrapT = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
  t.repeat.set(1, 1);
  return t;
}

function createWoodFenceTexture() {
  const c = document.createElement('canvas');
  c.width = 64; c.height = 64;
  const ctx = c.getContext('2d');
  ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(0,0,0,0)';
  ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 64, 64);
  ctx.fillStyle = '#b45309';
  ctx.fillRect(4, 0, 16, 64);
  ctx.fillRect(24, 0, 16, 64);
  ctx.fillRect(44, 0, 16, 64);
  ctx.fillStyle = '#78350f';
  ctx.fillRect(0, 12, 64, 8);
  ctx.fillRect(0, 44, 64, 8);
  const t = new THREE.CanvasTexture(c);
  t.wrapS = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
  t.wrapT = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
  t.repeat.set(1, 1);
  return t;
}

function createSoftNoiseTexture() {
  const c = document.createElement('canvas');
  c.width = 128; c.height = 128;
  const ctx = c.getContext('2d');
  ctx.fillStyle = '#ffffff';
  ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 128, 128);
  for (let i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
    const x = Math.random() * 128;
    const y = Math.random() * 128;
    const g = 180 + Math.random() * 75;
    ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(${g},${g},${g},0.15)`;
    ctx.fillRect(x, y, 1.5, 1.5);
  }
  const t = new THREE.CanvasTexture(c);
  t.wrapS = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
  t.wrapT = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
  t.repeat.set(2, 2);
  return t;
}

// --- Fences & Waterlines Layers implementation ---
function buildFencesLayer(fences) {
  clearGroup(fenceGroup);
  if (!settings.showFences || !fences?.features?.length) return;
  
  const height = settings.fenceHeight;
  const thickness = settings.fenceThickness;
  const type = settings.fenceTexture;
  const color = new THREE.Color(settings.fenceColor);
  
  let mat;
  if (type === 'steel_fence') {
    mat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
      color: color,
      map: createSteelFenceTexture(),
      transparent: true,
      alphaTest: 0.1,
      roughness: 0.5,
      metalness: 0.8,
      side: THREE.DoubleSide
    });
  } else if (type === 'wood_fence') {
    mat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
      color: color,
      map: createWoodFenceTexture(),
      transparent: true,
      alphaTest: 0.1,
      roughness: 0.9,
      side: THREE.DoubleSide
    });
  } else if (type === 'pipeline') {
    mat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
      color: color,
      roughness: 0.3,
      metalness: 0.9
    });
  } else {
    mat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
      color: color,
      roughness: 0.9,
      bumpMap: createSoftNoiseTexture(),
      bumpScale: 0.05
    });
  }
  
  const postMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
    color: color.clone().multiplyScalar(0.8),
    roughness: 0.6,
    metalness: type === 'pipeline' || type === 'steel_fence' ? 0.8 : 0.2
  });
  
  for (const f of fences.features) {
    for (const poly of getPolygonRings(f.geometry)) {
      const outer = poly[0];
      if (!outer || outer.length < 3) continue;
      
      const pts = [];
      for (const pt of outer) {
        if (!pt || pt.length < 2) continue;
        const [x, z] = metersToLocal(pt[0], pt[1]);
        if (!Number.isFinite(x) || !Number.isFinite(z)) continue;
        const y = terrainLocalYAt(x, z) + LAYER.island;
        pts.push(new THREE.Vector3(x, y, z));
      }
      if (pts.length < 3) continue;
      
      for (let i = 0; i < pts.length; i++) {
        const A = pts[i];
        const B = pts[(i + 1) % pts.length];
        const distance = A.distanceTo(B);
        if (distance < 0.1) continue;
        
        let geom;
        if (type === 'pipeline') {
          geom = new THREE.CylinderGeometry(thickness, thickness, distance, 8);
          geom.rotateX(Math.PI / 2);
          geom.translate(0, height, 0);
        } else {
          geom = new THREE.BoxGeometry(thickness, height, distance);
          geom.translate(0, height / 2, 0);
        }
        
        const segmentMesh = new THREE.Mesh(geom, mat);
        segmentMesh.castShadow = true;
        segmentMesh.receiveShadow = true;
        
        const midpoint = new THREE.Vector3().addVectors(A, B).multiplyScalar(0.5);
        segmentMesh.position.copy(midpoint);
        segmentMesh.lookAt(B);
        fenceGroup.add(segmentMesh);
        
        if (type !== 'wall') {
          const postH = height;
          const postR = thickness * (type === 'pipeline' ? 1.2 : 1.3);
          const postGeom = new THREE.CylinderGeometry(postR, postR, postH, 8);
          postGeom.translate(0, postH / 2, 0);
          const postMesh = new THREE.Mesh(postGeom, postMat);
          postMesh.castShadow = true;
          postMesh.receiveShadow = true;
          postMesh.position.copy(A);
          fenceGroup.add(postMesh);
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

function buildWaterlinesLayer(waterlines) {
  clearGroup(waterlineGroup);
  if (!settings.showWaterlines || !waterlines?.features?.length) return;

  const defaultWidth = settings.waterlineWidth;
  const widthField = projectManifest?.fieldMappings?.waterline_width_field;

  const mat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
    color: '#0f5e9c',
    map: createWaterTexture(),
    roughness: 0.15,
    metalness: 0.1,
    side: THREE.DoubleSide,
    polygonOffset: true,
    polygonOffsetFactor: -3,
    polygonOffsetUnits: -3
  });

  for (const f of waterlines.features) {
    if (f.geometry?.type !== 'LineString' && f.geometry?.type !== 'MultiLineString') continue;

    const lines = f.geometry.type === 'LineString' ? [f.geometry.coordinates] : f.geometry.coordinates;
    const featureWidth = parseNumberProp(f.properties || {}, widthField ? [widthField] : [], defaultWidth);

    for (const coords of lines) {
      if (coords.length < 2) continue;

      const pts = [];
      for (const pt of coords) {
        if (!pt || pt.length < 2) continue;
        const [x, z] = metersToLocal(pt[0], pt[1]);
        if (!Number.isFinite(x) || !Number.isFinite(z)) continue;
        const y = terrainLocalYAt(x, z) + LAYER.waterline;
        pts.push(new THREE.Vector3(x, y, z));
      }
      if (pts.length < 2) continue;

      for (let i = 0; i < pts.length - 1; i++) {
        const A = pts[i];
        const B = pts[i + 1];
        const distance = A.distanceTo(B);
        if (distance < 0.1) continue;

        const dx = B.x - A.x;
        const dz = B.z - A.z;
        const len = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dz * dz);
        if (len < 0.01) continue;

        const nx = -dz / len;
        const nz = dx / len;

        const wHalf = featureWidth / 2;
        
        const p0x = A.x - nx * wHalf;
        const p0z = A.z - nz * wHalf;
        const p0y = terrainLocalYAt(p0x, p0z) + LAYER.waterline;

        const p1x = A.x + nx * wHalf;
        const p1z = A.z + nz * wHalf;
        const p1y = terrainLocalYAt(p1x, p1z) + LAYER.waterline;

        const p2x = B.x - nx * wHalf;
        const p2z = B.z - nz * wHalf;
        const p2y = terrainLocalYAt(p2x, p2z) + LAYER.waterline;

        const p3x = B.x + nx * wHalf;
        const p3z = B.z + nz * wHalf;
        const p3y = terrainLocalYAt(p3x, p3z) + LAYER.waterline;

        const geom = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
        const vertices = new Float32Array([
          p0x, p0y, p0z,
          p1x, p1y, p1z,
          p2x, p2y, p2z,

          p1x, p1y, p1z,
          p3x, p3y, p3z,
          p2x, p2y, p2z
        ]);

        const uvs = new Float32Array([
          0, 0,
          1, 0,
          0, distance / featureWidth,

          1, 0,
          1, distance / featureWidth,
          0, distance / featureWidth
        ]);

        geom.setAttribute('position', new THREE.BufferAttribute(vertices, 3));
        geom.setAttribute('uv', new THREE.BufferAttribute(uvs, 2));
        geom.computeVertexNormals();

        const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geom, mat);
        mesh.receiveShadow = true;
        waterlineGroup.add(mesh);
      }
    }
  }
}

async function buildIslandLayer(adalar) {
  clearGroup(islandGroup);
  if (!adalar?.features?.length) return;
  
  const categories = [...new Set(adalar.features.map(f => String(blockCategoryValue(f.properties))))];
  categories.forEach((cat, i) => {
    ensureBlockCategoryStyle(cat, i);
  });

  const customMaterials = {};
  
  for (const f of adalar.features) {
    const cat = String(blockCategoryValue(f.properties));
    const catStyle = ensureBlockCategoryStyle(cat, categories.indexOf(cat));
    
    const featureColor = normalizeHexColor(propFirst(f.properties || {}, ['planx_color', 'planx_renk', 'color', 'renk']), catStyle.color);
    const featureTexture = presetValue(propFirst(f.properties || {}, ['planx_texture', 'planx_island_texture', 'texture', 'doku']), textureSets.island, catStyle.texture);
    
    const matKey = `${featureColor}_${featureTexture}`;
    if (!customMaterials[matKey]) {
      customMaterials[matKey] = applyIslandMaterialVisibility(new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
        color: new THREE.Color(featureColor),
        map: createIslandTexturePreset(featureTexture),
        roughness: 0.92,
        side: THREE.DoubleSide,
        polygonOffset: true,
        polygonOffsetFactor: -2,
        polygonOffsetUnits: -2
      }));
    }
    const mat = customMaterials[matKey];

    for (const poly of getPolygonRings(f.geometry)) {
      const outer = poly[0];
      if (!outer || outer.length < 3) continue;
      const shape = shapeFromLocalPolygon(poly);
      if (!shape) continue;
      const rawGeo = new THREE.ShapeGeometry(shape);
      rawGeo.rotateX(Math.PI / 2);
      const cacheEntry = settings.flattenIslands ? islandPlateauCache.find((c) => c.feature === f) : null;
      const plateauY = cacheEntry?.plateauY;
      let g;
      if (plateauY != null) {
        g = rawGeo;
      } else {
        const subdivided = subdivideShapeGeometry(rawGeo, 6);
        g = indexAndMergeNonIndexed(subdivided, 0.1);
      }
      const pos = g.attributes.position;
      if (plateauY != null) {
        const flatY = plateauY + LAYER.island;
        for (let vi = 0; vi < pos.count; vi++) {
          pos.setY(vi, flatY);
        }
      } else {
        for (let vi = 0; vi < pos.count; vi++) {
          const vx = pos.getX(vi);
          const vz = pos.getZ(vi);
          pos.setY(vi, terrainLocalYAt(vx, vz) + LAYER.island);
        }
      }
      pos.needsUpdate = true;
      g.computeVertexNormals();
      const m = new THREE.Mesh(g, mat);
      m.receiveShadow = true;
      m.renderOrder = 0;
      islandGroup.add(m);
    }
  }
}

function buildParcelLayer(parseller) {
  clearGroup(parcelGroup);
  if (!parseller?.features?.length) return;
  /* Parsel: sadece boundary (sınır çizgisi), fill yok.
   * Her vertex kendi DEM yüksekliğini alır (relevant to DEM). */
  const lineMat = new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({
    color: new THREE.Color(settings.parcelBoundaryColor),
    transparent: true,
    opacity: settings.parcelBoundaryOpacity,
    depthWrite: false          // ada yüzeyleriyle depth-fighting önlenir
  });

  for (const f of parseller.features) {
    for (const poly of getPolygonRings(f.geometry)) {
      const outer = poly[0];
      if (!outer || outer.length < 3) continue;
      const pts = [];
      outer.forEach((c) => {
        const [x, z] = metersToLocal(c[0], c[1]);
        const y = terrainLocalYAt(x, z) + LAYER.parcel;
        pts.push(new THREE.Vector3(x, y, z));
      });
      const lg = new THREE.BufferGeometry().setFromPoints(pts);
      const l = new THREE.LineLoop(lg, lineMat);
      l.renderOrder = 5;
      parcelGroup.add(l);
    }
  }
}

async function buildHardscapeLayer(hardscape, buildToken = sceneBuildToken) {
  clearGroup(hardscapeGroup);
  if (!hardscape?.features?.length) return;
  const t = await textureFromSet('hardscape', settings.hardscapeStyle, 8, 8);
  if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
  const mat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
    map: t, roughness: 0.94, metalness: 0.02,
    side: THREE.DoubleSide,
    polygonOffset: true,
    polygonOffsetFactor: -2,
    polygonOffsetUnits: -2
  });
  for (const f of hardscape.features) {
    for (const poly of getPolygonRings(f.geometry)) {
      const outer = poly[0];
      if (!outer || outer.length < 3) continue;
      const shape = shapeFromLocalPolygon(poly);
      if (!shape) continue;
      const raw = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(shape, { depth: 1, bevelEnabled: false });
      raw.rotateX(Math.PI / 2);
      const g = indexAndMergeNonIndexed(subdivideShapeGeometry(raw, 8), 0.1);
      /* -- Per-vertex DEM elevation -- */
      const pos = g.attributes.position;
      for (let vi = 0; vi < pos.count; vi++) {
        const vx = pos.getX(vi);
        const vz = pos.getZ(vi);
        const origY = pos.getY(vi);
        const t = (origY - (-1)) / 1;
        const clampedT = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, t));
        const offset = clampedT * settings.hardscapeHeight;
        const baseDem = terrainLocalYAt(vx, vz);
        pos.setY(vi, baseDem + LAYER.hardscape + offset);
      }
      pos.needsUpdate = true;
      g.computeVertexNormals();
      if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
      const m = new THREE.Mesh(g, mat);
      m.receiveShadow = true;
      m.renderOrder = 5;
      hardscapeGroup.add(m);
    }
  }
}

function polygonCentroidGeo(ring) {
  if (!ring?.length) return null;
  const sum = ring.reduce((acc, p) => [acc[0] + p[0], acc[1] + p[1]], [0, 0]);
  return [sum[0] / ring.length, sum[1] / ring.length];
}

function polygonAreaGeo(ring) {
  if (!ring?.length) return 0;
  let sum = 0;
  for (let i = 0; i < ring.length; i++) {
    const a = ring[i];
    const b = ring[(i + 1) % ring.length];
    sum += a[0] * b[1] - b[0] * a[1];
  }
  return Math.abs(sum) * 0.5;
}

function estimateBuildingFeatureMetrics(feature) {
  const props = feature?.properties || {};
  const levels = buildingLevels(props);
  let footprint = parseNumberProp(props, ['taban_alani', 'footprint_area', 'aream2'], null);
  if (!footprint) {
    const outer = getPolygonRings(feature.geometry)?.[0]?.[0];
    footprint = polygonAreaGeo(outer);
  }
  const floorArea = parseNumberProp(props, namesWithMapping('building_floor_area_field', ['toplam_insaat', 'insaat_alani', 'floor_area', 'gross_area']), footprint * levels);
  const dwellings = parseNumberProp(props, namesWithMapping('building_dwelling_field', ['daire', 'daire_sayisi', 'dwelling', 'dwellings']), Math.max(1, Math.round(floorArea / 115)));
  const population = parseNumberProp(props, namesWithMapping('building_population_field', ['nufus', 'nüfus', 'nÃ¼fus', 'population', 'pop']), Math.round(dwellings * 3.1));
  const vehicles = parseNumberProp(props, namesWithMapping('building_vehicle_field', ['arac', 'araç', 'araÃ§', 'vehicle', 'cars']), Math.round(dwellings * 0.7));
  return { footprint, floorArea, dwellings, population, vehicles };
}

function buildingGroundOffset() {
  return isRasterTextureMode() ? 0.08 : LAYER.content + 0.03;
}

function buildingBaseYForOuterRing(outer) {
  const samples = [];
  let sx = 0;
  let sy = 0;
  let n = 0;
  for (const coord of outer || []) {
    if (!coord || coord.length < 2) continue;
    sx += coord[0];
    sy += coord[1];
    n++;
    const [x, z] = metersToLocal(coord[0], coord[1]);
    samples.push(terrainLocalYAt(x, z));
  }
  if (n > 0) {
    const [cx, cz] = metersToLocal(sx / n, sy / n);
    samples.push(terrainLocalYAt(cx, cz));
  }
  const valid = samples.filter((v) => Number.isFinite(v)).sort((a, b) => a - b);
  const groundOffset = buildingGroundOffset();
  if (!valid.length) return terrainLocalYAt(0, 0) + groundOffset;
  const mid = valid[Math.floor(valid.length / 2)];
  const high = valid[Math.max(0, Math.ceil(valid.length * 0.72) - 1)];
  return Math.max(mid, high - 0.35) + groundOffset;
}

/* Compute a cumulative shadow heatmap across the scene:
 * sample N hours of solar position, raycast from each grid point toward the sun,
 * count how many samples are blocked by buildings/trees/blocks. Score 0 (always
 * sun) .. 1 (always shaded) drives a colour overlay quad above the terrain.
 * Useful for solar access screening of plans. */
async function computeShadowHeatmap() {
  if (!bounds || !terrainMesh) return;
  removeShadowHeatmap();
  const setProgress = (msg) => setStatus(msg);
  setProgress('Computing shadow heatmap... (raycasting)');
  await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 16));

  const gridN = 48;
  const width = bounds.maxX - bounds.minX;
  const depth = bounds.maxY - bounds.minY;
  const dx = width / (gridN - 1);
  const dz = depth / (gridN - 1);
  const sampleHours = [7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17];
  const dayOfYear = settings.dayOfYear || 172;
  const latitude = settings.latitude == null ? 39 : settings.latitude;

  const blockers = [];
  buildingGroup.traverse((o) => { if (o.isMesh) blockers.push(o); });
  treeGroup.traverse((o) => { if (o.isMesh) blockers.push(o); });

  const scores = new Float32Array(gridN * gridN);
  const local = new THREE.Vector3();
  const localRaycaster = new THREE.Raycaster();
  localRaycaster.firstHitOnly = true;
  localRaycaster.far = Math.max(800, Math.max(width, depth));

  const sunDirs = [];
  for (const hour of sampleHours) {
    const { elevation, azimuth } = solarPosition(hour, dayOfYear, latitude);
    if (elevation <= 0) continue;
    const phi = Math.PI / 2 - elevation;
    const theta = Math.PI - azimuth;
    const dir = new THREE.Vector3().setFromSphericalCoords(1, phi, theta);
    sunDirs.push(dir);
  }
  if (!sunDirs.length) {
    setProgress('Shadow heatmap: no daylight in current day-of-year — skipping.');
    return;
  }

  for (let gi = 0; gi < gridN; gi++) {
    if (gi % 8 === 0) {
      setProgress(`Computing shadow heatmap... ${Math.round((gi / gridN) * 100)}%`);
      await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 0));
    }
    for (let gj = 0; gj < gridN; gj++) {
      const lx = -width * 0.5 + gj * dx;
      const lz = -depth * 0.5 + gi * dz;
      const y = terrainLocalYAt(lx, lz) + 0.5;
      local.set(lx, y, lz);
      let shaded = 0;
      for (const dir of sunDirs) {
        localRaycaster.set(local, dir);
        const hits = localRaycaster.intersectObjects(blockers, false);
        if (hits.length) shaded++;
      }
      scores[gi * gridN + gj] = shaded / sunDirs.length;
    }
  }

  // Build overlay grid mesh — one quad per cell, vertex-coloured
  const geo = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(width, depth, gridN - 1, gridN - 1);
  geo.rotateX(-Math.PI / 2);
  const pos = geo.attributes.position;
  const colors = [];
  for (let i = 0; i < pos.count; i++) {
    const x = pos.getX(i);
    const z = pos.getZ(i);
    const y = terrainLocalYAt(x, z) + 0.45;
    pos.setY(i, y);
    const gj = Math.min(gridN - 1, Math.max(0, Math.round((x + width * 0.5) / dx)));
    const gi = Math.min(gridN - 1, Math.max(0, Math.round((z + depth * 0.5) / dz)));
    const score = scores[gi * gridN + gj];
    // Colour ramp: bright golden (no shadow) → deep cool blue (full shadow)
    const c = new THREE.Color().setHSL(0.13 + score * 0.45, 0.7, 0.55 - score * 0.20);
    colors.push(c.r, c.g, c.b);
  }
  geo.setAttribute('color', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(colors, 3));
  geo.computeVertexNormals();
  const mat = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
    vertexColors: true,
    transparent: true,
    opacity: 0.55,
    depthWrite: false,
    polygonOffset: true,
    polygonOffsetFactor: -3,
    polygonOffsetUnits: -3
  });
  shadowHeatmapMesh = new THREE.Mesh(geo, mat);
  shadowHeatmapMesh.renderOrder = 100;
  world.add(shadowHeatmapMesh);
  setProgress(`Shadow heatmap ready — ${sunDirs.length} solar samples, ${gridN}x${gridN} grid.`);
}

function removeShadowHeatmap() {
  if (!shadowHeatmapMesh) return;
  world.remove(shadowHeatmapMesh);
  shadowHeatmapMesh.geometry.dispose();
  shadowHeatmapMesh.material.dispose();
  shadowHeatmapMesh = null;
}

// Default carriageway surface width (m) per OSM highway class, used when the way
// has no explicit `width` tag. The global "Road width" control acts as a
// multiplier (8 m = 1.0×), so widening it scales every class up together — main
// roads stay wider than service ways / paths instead of every road being 8 m.
const ROAD_WIDTH_BY_CLASS = {
  motorway: 14, trunk: 12, primary: 10, secondary: 8.5, tertiary: 7,
  living_street: 5.5, residential: 6, unclassified: 6, road: 6,
  pedestrian: 5, service: 4,
  track: 3.5, footway: 2.5, path: 2.2, cycleway: 2.5, bridleway: 2.2, corridor: 2.2, steps: 2.5
};

function roadClassOf(feature) {
  const props = feature?.properties || {};
  const field = mappedField('road_hierarchy_field') || 'highway';
  return String(props[field] ?? props.highway ?? '').toLowerCase().replace(/_link$/, '').trim();
}

function featureRoadWidth(feature) {
  const widthField = mappedField('road_width_field');
  if (widthField && feature?.properties) {
    const value = parseFloat(feature.properties[widthField]);
    if (Number.isFinite(value) && value > 0) {
      // Explicit OSM carriageway width, clamped to a sane 2.5–22 m surface.
      return Math.max(2.5, Math.min(22, value));
    }
  }
  const base = ROAD_WIDTH_BY_CLASS[roadClassOf(feature)];
  const scale = (Number(settings.roadWidth) || 8) / 8;
  return Math.max(2.0, Math.min(22, (Number.isFinite(base) ? base : 8) * scale));
}

// Sidewalk width per OSM road class (m), clamped to a realistic 0.5–2.5 m:
// wide along main roads / pedestrian streets, narrow along service ways and paths.
const SIDEWALK_WIDTH_BY_CLASS = {
  motorway: 2.5, trunk: 2.5, primary: 2.5,
  secondary: 2.2, tertiary: 2.0,
  living_street: 1.9, residential: 1.8, unclassified: 1.6, road: 1.6,
  pedestrian: 2.4, service: 1.1,
  track: 0.7, footway: 0.7, path: 0.6, bridleway: 0.6, corridor: 0.6, steps: 0.5
};

function featureSidewalkWidth(feature) {
  const props = feature?.properties || {};
  const field = mappedField('road_hierarchy_field') || 'highway';
  const cls = String(props[field] ?? props.highway ?? '').toLowerCase().replace(/_link$/, '').trim();
  const w = SIDEWALK_WIDTH_BY_CLASS[cls];
  return Math.max(0.5, Math.min(2.5, w != null ? w : 1.4));
}

function buildingHeightFromProps(props, levels, floorHeight = settings.floorHeight) {
  const explicit = parseNumberProp(props || {}, ['planx_height', 'height', 'yukseklik', 'yükseklik', 'yÃ¼kseklik', 'bina_yuksekligi', 'building_height'], null);
  if (explicit !== null && explicit > 0) return explicit;
  return levels * Math.max(2.4, Math.min(6, Number(floorHeight) || settings.floorHeight));
}

function isOdorOrEmissionSource(feature) {
  const props = feature?.properties || {};
  const odorField = mappedField('odor_source_field');
  if (odorField && props[odorField] !== undefined) {
    return /(1|true|evet|yes|source|risk|sanayi|industry|atik|waste|cop|depolama|storage|aritma|sewage)/.test(normalizeAccessText(props[odorField]));
  }
  const text = normalizeAccessText([
    props[mappedField('landuse_function_field')], props.uipfonksiyon, props.fonksiyon, props.kullanim, props.landuse,
    props.tesis, props.adi, props.name, props.tip, props.tur
  ].filter(Boolean).join(' '));
  return /(sanayi|industry|atik|waste|cop|solid|depolama|transfer|arıtma|aritma|sewage|lojistik|logistics)/.test(text);
}

function buildWindPlumeLayer() {
  clearGroup(windPlumeGroup);
  if (!settings.showWindPlumes) return;
  const sources = [
    ...(layerDataCache?.yapilar?.features || []),
    ...(layerDataCache?.hardscape?.features || [])
  ].filter(isOdorOrEmissionSource);
  if (!sources.length) return;

  const dir = THREE.MathUtils.degToRad(settings.windDirectionDeg);
  const dx = Math.sin(dir);
  const dz = Math.cos(dir);
  const length = settings.windPlumeDistance;
  const width = Math.max(28, length * 0.28);
  const mat = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
    color: 0xef4444,
    transparent: true,
    opacity: 0.18,
    depthWrite: false,
    side: THREE.DoubleSide
  });

  for (const f of sources) {
    const rings = getPolygonRings(f.geometry);
    const outer = rings?.[0]?.[0];
    const c = polygonCentroidGeo(outer);
    if (!c) continue;
    const [lx, lz] = metersToLocal(c[0], c[1]);
    const cx = lx + dx * length * 0.5;
    const cz = lz + dz * length * 0.5;
    const y = terrainLocalYAt(lx, lz) + 2.0;
    const geo = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(width, length, 1, 1);
    geo.rotateX(-Math.PI / 2);
    const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geo, mat.clone());
    mesh.position.set(cx, y, cz);
    mesh.rotation.y = Math.atan2(dx, dz);
    mesh.renderOrder = 44;
    windPlumeGroup.add(mesh);
  }
}

function createRoofPresetTexture(name) {
  const c = document.createElement('canvas');
  c.width = 256;
  c.height = 256;
  const ctx = c.getContext('2d');
  const bg = {
    RoofA: '#9a7b61', RoofB: '#6f7885', RoofC: '#8e5a49', RoofD: '#5e6368',
    GermanTile: '#3d4a5c', TurkishTile: '#b94a1a', USShingle: '#2d3340',
    StandingSeam: '#506070', GreenRoof: '#587642', SolarRoof: '#26364c', CeramicLight: '#d1a16d'
  }[name] || '#9a7b61';
  ctx.fillStyle = bg;
  ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 256, 256);

  if (name === 'RoofA') {
    ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(240,220,200,0.65)';
    for (let y = 10; y < 256; y += 16) {
      ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(0, y); ctx.lineTo(256, y); ctx.stroke();
    }
    ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(90,70,55,0.28)';
    for (let y = 18; y < 256; y += 16) {
      ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(0, y); ctx.lineTo(256, y); ctx.stroke();
    }
  } else if (name === 'RoofB') {
    ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(210,220,235,0.55)';
    for (let x = -120; x < 300; x += 18) {
      ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(x, 0); ctx.lineTo(x + 90, 256); ctx.stroke();
    }
    ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(60,70,85,0.3)';
    for (let x = -120; x < 300; x += 18) {
      ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(x + 7, 0); ctx.lineTo(x + 97, 256); ctx.stroke();
    }
  } else if (name === 'RoofC') {
    ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(255,220,200,0.45)';
    for (let y = 0; y < 256; y += 20) {
      ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(0, y); ctx.lineTo(256, y + 8); ctx.stroke();
    }
    ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(80,45,38,0.25)';
    for (let y = 8; y < 256; y += 20) {
      ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(0, y); ctx.lineTo(256, y + 8); ctx.stroke();
    }
  } else if (name === 'GermanTile') {
    // Dark slate, staggered rectangular tiles with shadow lines
    ctx.fillStyle = '#3d4a5c';
    ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 256, 256);
    const tw = 32, th = 20;
    for (let row = 0; row * th < 256; row++) {
      const offset = (row % 2) * (tw / 2);
      for (let col = -1; col * tw < 256; col++) {
        const x = col * tw + offset, y = row * th;
        ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(${50 + (row * 7 + col * 3) % 20},${60 + (row * 5 + col * 7) % 20},${80 + (row * 3) % 15},1)`;
        ctx.fillRect(x + 1, y + 1, tw - 2, th - 2);
        ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(20,28,40,0.7)';
        ctx.lineWidth = 1;
        ctx.strokeRect(x + 1, y + 1, tw - 2, th - 2);
        // highlight top edge
        ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(100,120,150,0.3)';
        ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(x + 1, y + 1); ctx.lineTo(x + tw - 1, y + 1); ctx.stroke();
      }
    }
  } else if (name === 'TurkishTile') {
    // Terracotta curved tiles (Ottoman/Marsilya kiremit)
    ctx.fillStyle = '#b94a1a';
    ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 256, 256);
    const tw = 28, th = 22;
    for (let row = 0; row * th < 280; row++) {
      const offset = (row % 2) * (tw / 2);
      for (let col = -1; col * tw < 270; col++) {
        const x = col * tw + offset, y = row * th;
        // Base tile body
        const shade = 160 + (row * 11 + col * 7) % 40;
        ctx.fillStyle = `rgb(${shade},${Math.floor(shade * 0.42)},${Math.floor(shade * 0.12)})`;
        ctx.fillRect(x, y, tw, th);
        // Curved ridge (arc overlay for the concave tile look)
        const grad = ctx.createLinearGradient(x, y, x + tw, y);
        grad.addColorStop(0,   'rgba(80,25,5,0.5)');
        grad.addColorStop(0.5, 'rgba(220,100,40,0.15)');
        grad.addColorStop(1,   'rgba(80,25,5,0.5)');
        ctx.fillStyle = grad;
        ctx.beginPath(); ctx.ellipse(x + tw / 2, y + th / 2, tw / 2, th / 2, 0, 0, Math.PI * 2); ctx.fill();
        // Shadow line between rows
        ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(60,18,4,0.55)';
        ctx.lineWidth = 1.5;
        ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(x, y + th - 1); ctx.lineTo(x + tw, y + th - 1); ctx.stroke();
      }
    }
  } else if (name === 'USShingle') {
    // Asphalt shingles – dark charcoal, staggered, slightly bumpy
    ctx.fillStyle = '#2d3340';
    ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 256, 256);
    const sw = 40, sh = 14;
    for (let row = 0; row * sh < 280; row++) {
      const offset = (row % 2) * (sw / 2);
      for (let col = -1; col * sw < 270; col++) {
        const x = col * sw + offset, y = row * sh;
        const v = 40 + (row * 5 + col * 11) % 22;
        ctx.fillStyle = `rgb(${v},${v + 4},${v + 8})`;
        ctx.fillRect(x + 1, y + 1, sw - 2, sh - 2);
        // Bottom shadow
        ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(0,0,0,0.6)';
        ctx.lineWidth = 1;
        ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(x + 1, y + sh - 1); ctx.lineTo(x + sw - 1, y + sh - 1); ctx.stroke();
        // Top highlight
        ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(160,170,185,0.18)';
        ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(x + 1, y + 1); ctx.lineTo(x + sw - 1, y + 1); ctx.stroke();
        // Granule texture dots
        for (let d = 0; d < 3; d++) {
          const dx = x + 4 + d * 12 + (row % 3) * 3;
          const dy = y + 4 + (col % 2) * 3;
          ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(${v + 20},${v + 24},${v + 30},0.4)`;
          ctx.fillRect(dx, dy, 2, 2);
        }
      }
    }
  } else if (name === 'StandingSeam') {
    ctx.fillStyle = '#506070';
    ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 256, 256);
    for (let x = 0; x < 256; x += 22) {
      const grad = ctx.createLinearGradient(x, 0, x + 18, 0);
      grad.addColorStop(0, 'rgba(25,34,45,0.42)');
      grad.addColorStop(0.5, 'rgba(120,135,150,0.18)');
      grad.addColorStop(1, 'rgba(20,28,38,0.36)');
      ctx.fillStyle = grad;
      ctx.fillRect(x, 0, 18, 256);
      ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(210,220,230,0.35)';
      ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(x + 18, 0); ctx.lineTo(x + 18, 256); ctx.stroke();
    }
  } else if (name === 'GreenRoof') {
    ctx.fillStyle = '#587642';
    ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 256, 256);
    for (let i = 0; i < 1800; i++) {
      const x = Math.random() * 256;
      const y = Math.random() * 256;
      const g = 80 + Math.floor(Math.random() * 80);
      ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(${Math.floor(g * 0.55)},${g},${Math.floor(g * 0.38)},0.35)`;
      ctx.fillRect(x, y, 2, 2);
    }
    ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(235,245,220,0.16)';
    for (let x = 0; x < 256; x += 48) {
      ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(x, 0); ctx.lineTo(x + 40, 256); ctx.stroke();
    }
  } else if (name === 'SolarRoof') {
    ctx.fillStyle = '#26364c';
    ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 256, 256);
    const pw = 42, ph = 26;
    for (let y = 8; y < 256; y += ph + 5) {
      for (let x = 8; x < 256; x += pw + 5) {
        const grad = ctx.createLinearGradient(x, y, x + pw, y + ph);
        grad.addColorStop(0, '#172033');
        grad.addColorStop(0.55, '#2c4f75');
        grad.addColorStop(1, '#111827');
        ctx.fillStyle = grad;
        ctx.fillRect(x, y, pw, ph);
        ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(180,210,240,0.35)';
        ctx.strokeRect(x, y, pw, ph);
      }
    }
  } else if (name === 'CeramicLight') {
    ctx.fillStyle = '#d1a16d';
    ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 256, 256);
    for (let y = 0; y < 280; y += 22) {
      for (let x = -14; x < 270; x += 28) {
        const shade = 185 + ((x + y) % 38);
        ctx.fillStyle = `rgb(${shade},${Math.floor(shade * 0.62)},${Math.floor(shade * 0.34)})`;
        ctx.beginPath();
        ctx.ellipse(x + ((y / 22) % 2) * 14, y + 11, 15, 10, 0, 0, Math.PI * 2);
        ctx.fill();
        ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(105,65,30,0.38)';
        ctx.stroke();
      }
    }
  } else {
    ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(255,255,255,0.25)';
    for (let y = 0; y < 256; y += 14) {
      for (let x = 0; x < 256; x += 14) {
        if ((x + y) % 28 === 0) ctx.fillRect(x, y, 6, 6);
      }
    }
  }
  const t = new THREE.CanvasTexture(c);
  t.wrapS = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
  t.wrapT = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
  t.repeat.set(2.8, 2.8);
  t.colorSpace = THREE.SRGBColorSpace;
  return t;
}

function polygonCentroid(points) {
  if (!points.length) return new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0);
  let signedArea = 0;
  let cx = 0;
  let cz = 0;
  for (let i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
    const p0 = points[i];
    const p1 = points[(i + 1) % points.length];
    const a = p0.x * p1.z - p1.x * p0.z;
    signedArea += a;
    cx += (p0.x + p1.x) * a;
    cz += (p0.z + p1.z) * a;
  }
  if (Math.abs(signedArea) < 1e-7) {
    const c = new THREE.Vector3();
    points.forEach((p) => c.add(p));
    c.multiplyScalar(1 / points.length);
    return c;
  }
  const k = 1 / (3 * signedArea);
  return new THREE.Vector3(cx * k, 0, cz * k);
}

function pointInRoofRing(point, ring) {
  let inside = false;
  for (let i = 0, j = ring.length - 1; i < ring.length; j = i++) {
    const a = ring[i];
    const b = ring[j];
    const crosses = ((a.z > point.z) !== (b.z > point.z))
      && (point.x < (b.x - a.x) * (point.z - a.z) / ((b.z - a.z) || 1e-12) + a.x);
    if (crosses) inside = !inside;
  }
  return inside;
}

function pyramidApexForRing(ring, height) {
  const centroid = polygonCentroid(ring);
  if (pointInRoofRing(centroid, ring)) {
    centroid.y = height;
    return centroid;
  }
  // A polygon centroid may lie outside a strongly concave footprint. Use the
  // centroid of its largest interior triangulation face as a guaranteed-safe
  // apex instead of producing crossed/inverted pyramid faces.
  const contour = ring.map((p) => new THREE.Vector2(p.x, p.z));
  if (THREE.ShapeUtils.isClockWise(contour)) contour.reverse();
  const triangles = THREE.ShapeUtils.triangulateShape(contour, []);
  let best = null;
  let bestArea = -1;
  for (const triangle of triangles) {
    const a = contour[triangle[0]];
    const b = contour[triangle[1]];
    const c = contour[triangle[2]];
    const area = Math.abs((b.x - a.x) * (c.y - a.y) - (b.y - a.y) * (c.x - a.x));
    if (area > bestArea) {
      bestArea = area;
      best = new THREE.Vector3((a.x + b.x + c.x) / 3, height, (a.y + b.y + c.y) / 3);
    }
  }
  return best || new THREE.Vector3(ring[0].x, height, ring[0].z);
}

function convexHull2D(points) {
  const ps = points.map((p) => ({ x: p.x, z: p.z }))
    .sort((a, b) => (a.x - b.x) || (a.z - b.z));
  if (ps.length < 3) return ps;
  const cross = (o, a, b) => (a.x - o.x) * (b.z - o.z) - (a.z - o.z) * (b.x - o.x);
  const lower = [];
  for (const p of ps) {
    while (lower.length >= 2 && cross(lower[lower.length - 2], lower[lower.length - 1], p) <= 0) lower.pop();
    lower.push(p);
  }
  const upper = [];
  for (let i = ps.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    const p = ps[i];
    while (upper.length >= 2 && cross(upper[upper.length - 2], upper[upper.length - 1], p) <= 0) upper.pop();
    upper.push(p);
  }
  lower.pop();
  upper.pop();
  return lower.concat(upper);
}

// Minimum-area oriented bounding rectangle of a footprint ring in the X-Z plane.
// Aligns the box to a footprint edge instead of the world axes, so pitched roofs
// follow the building's real orientation/size rather than its axis-aligned bbox.
function orientedRoofBox(ring) {
  const hull = convexHull2D(ring);
  let best = null;
  if (hull.length >= 3) {
    for (let i = 0; i < hull.length; i++) {
      const a = hull[i];
      const b = hull[(i + 1) % hull.length];
      const len = Math.hypot(b.x - a.x, b.z - a.z) || 1;
      const ux = (b.x - a.x) / len;
      const uz = (b.z - a.z) / len;
      let uMin = Infinity, uMax = -Infinity, vMin = Infinity, vMax = -Infinity;
      for (const p of hull) {
        const u = p.x * ux + p.z * uz;
        const v = -p.x * uz + p.z * ux;
        if (u < uMin) uMin = u;
        if (u > uMax) uMax = u;
        if (v < vMin) vMin = v;
        if (v > vMax) vMax = v;
      }
      const area = (uMax - uMin) * (vMax - vMin);
      if (!best || area < best.area) best = { area, ux, uz, uMin, uMax, vMin, vMax };
    }
  }
  if (!best) {
    const bb = new THREE.Box3().setFromPoints(ring);
    best = { ux: 1, uz: 0, uMin: bb.min.x, uMax: bb.max.x, vMin: bb.min.z, vMax: bb.max.z };
  }
  return best;
}

// Offset a footprint ring outward by `dist` (miter join) so a roof can keep a
// small eave that follows the polygon shape. Winding-agnostic: keeps whichever
// direction grows the area. Sharp corners are clamped to avoid long spikes.
function offsetRingOutward(ring, dist) {
  const n = ring.length;
  if (n < 3 || dist <= 1e-6) return ring.map((p) => p.clone());
  const area = (pts) => {
    let s = 0;
    for (let i = 0; i < pts.length; i++) {
      const a = pts[i];
      const b = pts[(i + 1) % pts.length];
      s += a.x * b.z - b.x * a.z;
    }
    return Math.abs(s);
  };
  const build = (sign) => {
    const out = [];
    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      const prev = ring[(i - 1 + n) % n];
      const cur = ring[i];
      const next = ring[(i + 1) % n];
      const l1 = Math.hypot(cur.x - prev.x, cur.z - prev.z) || 1;
      const l2 = Math.hypot(next.x - cur.x, next.z - cur.z) || 1;
      const n1x = -(cur.z - prev.z) / l1;
      const n1z = (cur.x - prev.x) / l1;
      const n2x = -(next.z - cur.z) / l2;
      const n2z = (next.x - cur.x) / l2;
      let mx = (n1x + n2x) * sign;
      let mz = (n1z + n2z) * sign;
      const ml = Math.hypot(mx, mz) || 1;
      mx /= ml;
      mz /= ml;
      let cos = Math.abs(mx * n1x + mz * n1z);
      if (cos < 0.3) cos = 0.3;
      const s = dist / cos;
      out.push(new THREE.Vector3(cur.x + mx * s, 0, cur.z + mz * s));
    }
    return out;
  };
  const plus = build(1);
  return area(plus) >= area(ring) ? plus : build(-1);
}

function roofGeometryFromTriangles(points, faces) {
  const verts = [];
  const uvs = [];
  const bb = new THREE.Box2();
  points.forEach((p) => bb.expandByPoint(new THREE.Vector2(p.x, p.z)));
  const sx = Math.max(1e-6, bb.max.x - bb.min.x);
  const sz = Math.max(1e-6, bb.max.y - bb.min.y);
  const pushVertex = (p) => {
    verts.push(p.x, p.y, p.z);
    uvs.push((p.x - bb.min.x) / sx, (p.z - bb.min.y) / sz);
  };
  faces.forEach((face) => {
    if (face.length === 3) {
      face.forEach(pushVertex);
    } else if (face.length === 4) {
      pushVertex(face[0]); pushVertex(face[1]); pushVertex(face[2]);
      pushVertex(face[0]); pushVertex(face[2]); pushVertex(face[3]);
    }
  });
  const geo = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
  geo.setAttribute('position', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(verts, 3));
  geo.setAttribute('uv', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(uvs, 2));
  geo.computeVertexNormals();
  return geo;
}

function roofMeshFor(shape, footprintPoints, hBase, height, roofShape = settings.roofShape, roofHeight = settings.roofHeight) {
  const ring = [];
  for (const point of footprintPoints) {
    if (!point || !Number.isFinite(point.x) || !Number.isFinite(point.z)) continue;
    if (!ring.length || ring[ring.length - 1].distanceTo(point) > 1e-6) ring.push(point);
  }
  if (ring.length > 2 && ring[0].distanceTo(ring[ring.length - 1]) <= 1e-6) ring.pop();
  const safeShape = roofShapeValue(roofShape, 'Pyramid');
  const rh = Math.max(0, Number(roofHeight) || 0);
  let roofGeo;

  if (safeShape === 'Flat' || rh <= 0.05 || ring.length < 3) {
    roofGeo = new THREE.ShapeGeometry(shape);
    roofGeo.rotateX(Math.PI / 2);
  } else if (safeShape === 'Pyramid') {
    const apex = pyramidApexForRing(ring, rh);
    const faces = ring.map((a, i) => [a, ring[(i + 1) % ring.length], apex]);
    roofGeo = roofGeometryFromTriangles(ring.concat([apex]), faces);
  } else {
    // Footprint-following roofs (like Pyramid): eaves are the real polygon edges,
    // not a bounding box. Orientation/ridge axis comes from the OBB; the eave is
    // the footprint offset outward by a small amount.
    const box = orientedRoofBox(ring);
    let ax = box.ux;
    let az = box.uz;
    let bx = -box.uz;
    let bz = box.ux;
    const c0 = polygonCentroid(ring);
    let a0Half = 0;
    let b0Half = 0;
    for (const p of ring) {
      const da = Math.abs((p.x - c0.x) * ax + (p.z - c0.z) * az);
      const db = Math.abs((p.x - c0.x) * bx + (p.z - c0.z) * bz);
      if (da > a0Half) a0Half = da;
      if (db > b0Half) b0Half = db;
    }
    const eave = Math.min(0.3, 0.2 * Math.min(a0Half, b0Half));
    const eaveRing = offsetRingOutward(ring, eave);

    const C = polygonCentroid(eaveRing);
    let aHalf = 0;
    let bHalf = 0;
    for (const p of eaveRing) {
      const da = Math.abs((p.x - C.x) * ax + (p.z - C.z) * az);
      const db = Math.abs((p.x - C.x) * bx + (p.z - C.z) * bz);
      if (da > aHalf) aHalf = da;
      if (db > bHalf) bHalf = db;
    }
    // Ridge runs along the longer axis.
    if (bHalf > aHalf) {
      let t;
      t = ax; ax = bx; bx = t;
      t = az; az = bz; bz = t;
      t = aHalf; aHalf = bHalf; bHalf = t;
    }

    if (safeShape === 'Shed') {
      // Single tilted plane over the real footprint (low at -b, high at +b),
      // plus vertical skirt faces so the raised sides are not left open.
      const span = Math.max(0.1, 2 * bHalf);
      const shedH = (px, pz) => rh * Math.max(0, Math.min(1, ((px - C.x) * bx + (pz - C.z) * bz + bHalf) / span));
      const ring2 = eaveRing.slice();
      const contour = ring2.map((p) => new THREE.Vector2(p.x, p.z));
      if (THREE.ShapeUtils.isClockWise(contour)) { ring2.reverse(); contour.reverse(); }
      const top = ring2.map((p) => new THREE.Vector3(p.x, shedH(p.x, p.z), p.z));
      const points = [];
      const faces = [];
      for (const tri of THREE.ShapeUtils.triangulateShape(contour, [])) {
        points.push(top[tri[0]], top[tri[1]], top[tri[2]]);
        faces.push([top[tri[0]], top[tri[1]], top[tri[2]]]);
      }
      for (let i = 0; i < ring2.length; i++) {
        const p = ring2[i];
        const q = ring2[(i + 1) % ring2.length];
        const hp = shedH(p.x, p.z);
        const hq = shedH(q.x, q.z);
        if (Math.max(hp, hq) < 1e-4) continue;
        const pBase = new THREE.Vector3(p.x, 0, p.z);
        const qBase = new THREE.Vector3(q.x, 0, q.z);
        const qTop = new THREE.Vector3(q.x, hq, q.z);
        const pTop = new THREE.Vector3(p.x, hp, p.z);
        points.push(pBase, qBase, qTop, pTop);
        faces.push([pBase, qBase, qTop, pTop]);
      }
      roofGeo = roofGeometryFromTriangles(points, faces);
    } else {
      // Gable / Hip: loft the footprint outline up to a ridge line at height rh.
      // Gable -> ridge spans the full length (vertical gable ends).
      // Hip   -> ridge inset from each end by the half-width (sloped hip ends).
      const ridgeHalf = safeShape === 'Gable' ? aHalf : Math.max(0, aHalf - bHalf);
      const ridgeOf = (p) => {
        let pa = (p.x - C.x) * ax + (p.z - C.z) * az;
        pa = Math.max(-ridgeHalf, Math.min(ridgeHalf, pa));
        return new THREE.Vector3(C.x + ax * pa, rh, C.z + az * pa);
      };
      const points = [];
      const faces = [];
      for (let i = 0; i < eaveRing.length; i++) {
        const a = eaveRing[i];
        const b = eaveRing[(i + 1) % eaveRing.length];
        const a0 = new THREE.Vector3(a.x, 0, a.z);
        const b0 = new THREE.Vector3(b.x, 0, b.z);
        const ra = ridgeOf(a);
        const rb = ridgeOf(b);
        points.push(a0, b0, ra, rb);
        if (ra.distanceTo(rb) < 1e-6) {
          faces.push([a0, b0, ra]);
        } else {
          faces.push([a0, b0, rb, ra]);
        }
      }
      roofGeo = roofGeometryFromTriangles(points, faces);
    }
  }

  roofGeo.computeBoundingBox();
  const minY = roofGeo.boundingBox ? roofGeo.boundingBox.min.y : 0;
  if (minY !== 0) roofGeo.translate(0, -minY, 0);

  const roof = new THREE.Mesh(roofGeo, new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
    color: 0xc8b089,
    roughness: 0.85,
    side: THREE.DoubleSide,
    polygonOffset: true,
    polygonOffsetFactor: -2,
    polygonOffsetUnits: -2
  }));
  roof.position.y = hBase + height + 0.04;
  roof.castShadow = true;
  roof.renderOrder = 36;
  return roof;
}

function parseRandRangeExpr(expr) {
  const text = String(expr || '').trim();
  if (!text) return null;
  const match = /^rand\s*\(\s*([-+]?\d+(?:[.,]\d+)?)\s*,\s*([-+]?\d+(?:[.,]\d+)?)\s*\)$/i.exec(text);
  if (!match) return null;
  let min = Number(match[1].replace(',', '.'));
  let max = Number(match[2].replace(',', '.'));
  if (!Number.isFinite(min) || !Number.isFinite(max)) return null;
  if (max < min) [min, max] = [max, min];
  return { min, max };
}

function deterministicUnitHash(x, z, salt = 0) {
  const raw = Math.sin(x * 12.9898 + z * 78.233 + salt * 37.719) * 43758.5453123;
  return raw - Math.floor(raw);
}

function treeLeafTextureForVariant(variantName) {
  const key = String(variantName || 'default');
  const cached = treeLeafTextureCache.get(key);
  if (cached) return cached;
  const baseColor = assetColor(variantName, 0x3b6e2e);
  const r = (baseColor >> 16) & 255;
  const g = (baseColor >> 8) & 255;
  const b = baseColor & 255;
  const c = document.createElement('canvas');
  c.width = 128;
  c.height = 128;
  const ctx = c.getContext('2d');
  if (!ctx) {
    const fallback = markPersistentTexture(new THREE.CanvasTexture(c));
    treeLeafTextureCache.set(key, fallback);
    return fallback;
  }
  const grad = ctx.createRadialGradient(64, 56, 8, 64, 64, 62);
  grad.addColorStop(0, `rgba(${Math.min(255, r + 20)},${Math.min(255, g + 24)},${Math.min(255, b + 18)},0.98)`);
  grad.addColorStop(0.7, `rgba(${Math.max(0, r - 12)},${Math.max(0, g - 14)},${Math.max(0, b - 12)},0.94)`);
  grad.addColorStop(1, `rgba(${Math.max(0, r - 28)},${Math.max(0, g - 30)},${Math.max(0, b - 26)},0.88)`);
  ctx.fillStyle = grad;
  ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 128, 128);
  for (let i = 0; i < 220; i++) {
    const x = Math.random() * 128;
    const y = Math.random() * 128;
    const radius = 1.0 + Math.random() * 2.4;
    const alpha = 0.08 + Math.random() * 0.16;
    ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(${Math.max(0, r - 20 + Math.random() * 26)},${Math.max(0, g - 18 + Math.random() * 24)},${Math.max(0, b - 18 + Math.random() * 24)},${alpha})`;
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.arc(x, y, radius, 0, Math.PI * 2);
    ctx.fill();
  }
  const tex = new THREE.CanvasTexture(c);
  tex.colorSpace = THREE.SRGBColorSpace;
  tex.anisotropy = Math.min(8, renderer.capabilities.getMaxAnisotropy?.() || 1);
  markPersistentTexture(tex);
  treeLeafTextureCache.set(key, tex);
  return tex;
}

function treeLeafMaterial(variantName, profile, realisticMode = false) {
  if (!realisticMode) {
    return new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
      color: assetColor(variantName, 0x3b6e2e),
      roughness: profile.shape === 'columnar' || profile.shape === 'cypress' ? 0.86 : 0.9
    });
  }
  return new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
    color: 0xffffff,
    map: treeLeafTextureForVariant(variantName),
    roughness: 0.88,
    metalness: 0.02
  });
}

function treeCrownGeometry(shape, realisticMode = false) {
  switch (shape) {
    case 'linden': return new THREE.SphereGeometry(1, realisticMode ? 16 : 8, realisticMode ? 12 : 6);
    case 'plane': return realisticMode ? new THREE.SphereGeometry(1, 14, 10) : new THREE.DodecahedronGeometry(1, 1);
    case 'compact': return realisticMode ? new THREE.IcosahedronGeometry(1, 2) : new THREE.IcosahedronGeometry(1, 1);
    case 'columnar': return new THREE.CylinderGeometry(0.62, 0.78, 2.1, realisticMode ? 14 : 10);
    case 'olive': return new THREE.SphereGeometry(1, realisticMode ? 14 : 7, realisticMode ? 10 : 5);
    case 'cypress': return new THREE.ConeGeometry(1, 2.8, realisticMode ? 14 : 10);
    case 'palm': return new THREE.ConeGeometry(1, 1.2, realisticMode ? 10 : 6);
    case 'jacaranda': return realisticMode ? new THREE.SphereGeometry(1, 14, 10) : new THREE.DodecahedronGeometry(1, 0);
    case 'pine': return new THREE.ConeGeometry(1, 2.5, realisticMode ? 14 : 9);
    case 'broadleaf': return new THREE.SphereGeometry(1, realisticMode ? 16 : 10, realisticMode ? 12 : 7);
    default: return new THREE.SphereGeometry(1, realisticMode ? 16 : 8, realisticMode ? 12 : 6);
  }
}

function crownGeometryMinY(geometry, fallback = -1) {
  if (!geometry) return fallback;
  if (!geometry.boundingBox) geometry.computeBoundingBox();
  return Number.isFinite(geometry.boundingBox?.min?.y) ? geometry.boundingBox.min.y : fallback;
}

function activeTreeVariantsForBuild() {
  const fromTheme = assetPoolVariants('trees');
  const unique = [];
  const addUnique = (name) => {
    const clean = String(name || '').trim();
    if (clean && !unique.includes(clean)) unique.push(clean);
  };
  fromTheme.forEach(addUnique);
  TREE_VARIANT_CATALOG.forEach(addUnique);
  let count = Math.round(Number(settings.treeVariantCount) || 8);
  if (!Number.isFinite(count)) count = 8;
  count = Math.max(1, Math.min(TREE_VARIANT_CATALOG.length, count));
  return unique.slice(0, Math.max(1, Math.min(count, unique.length)));
}

function isFiniteCoord(coord) {
  return Array.isArray(coord) && coord.length >= 2 && Number.isFinite(coord[0]) && Number.isFinite(coord[1]);
}

function centroidFromCoords(coords) {
  const pts = (coords || []).filter(isFiniteCoord);
  if (!pts.length) return null;
  let minX = Infinity, minY = Infinity, maxX = -Infinity, maxY = -Infinity;
  for (const [x, y] of pts) {
    if (x < minX) minX = x;
    if (x > maxX) maxX = x;
    if (y < minY) minY = y;
    if (y > maxY) maxY = y;
  }
  if (!Number.isFinite(minX) || !Number.isFinite(minY) || !Number.isFinite(maxX) || !Number.isFinite(maxY)) return null;
  return [(minX + maxX) * 0.5, (minY + maxY) * 0.5];
}

function representativeTreeCoords(geometry) {
  if (!geometry || !geometry.type) return [];
  const c = geometry.coordinates;
  if (geometry.type === 'Point') return isFiniteCoord(c) ? [c] : [];
  if (geometry.type === 'MultiPoint') return Array.isArray(c) ? c.filter(isFiniteCoord) : [];
  if (geometry.type === 'LineString') {
    if (!Array.isArray(c) || !c.length) return [];
    const mid = c[Math.floor(c.length / 2)];
    return isFiniteCoord(mid) ? [mid] : [];
  }
  if (geometry.type === 'MultiLineString') {
    if (!Array.isArray(c) || !c.length) return [];
    for (const line of c) {
      if (!Array.isArray(line) || !line.length) continue;
      const mid = line[Math.floor(line.length / 2)];
      if (isFiniteCoord(mid)) return [mid];
    }
    return [];
  }
  if (geometry.type === 'Polygon') {
    const ring = Array.isArray(c) && c.length ? c[0] : null;
    const centroid = centroidFromCoords(ring);
    return centroid ? [centroid] : [];
  }
  if (geometry.type === 'MultiPolygon') {
    if (!Array.isArray(c) || !c.length) return [];
    for (const poly of c) {
      const ring = Array.isArray(poly) && poly.length ? poly[0] : null;
      const centroid = centroidFromCoords(ring);
      if (centroid) return [centroid];
    }
    return [];
  }
  if (geometry.type === 'GeometryCollection') {
    const geoms = Array.isArray(geometry.geometries) ? geometry.geometries : [];
    for (const g of geoms) {
      const coords = representativeTreeCoords(g);
      if (coords.length) return coords;
    }
  }
  return [];
}

// InstancedMesh trees — dynamic variant buckets (up to 10 presets) with optional randomize + rand(min,max) heights.
function buildTreeLayer(agaclar) {
  clearGroup(treeGroup);
  if (!agaclar?.features?.length) return;
  const treeSamples = [];
  for (const feat of agaclar.features || []) {
    const coords = representativeTreeCoords(feat?.geometry);
    if (!coords.length) continue;
    for (const coord of coords) treeSamples.push({ feature: feat, coord });
  }
  if (!treeSamples.length) {
    setStatus('Trees layer has no usable coordinates (Point/MultiPoint/Polygon centroid).', true);
    return;
  }
  const mappedHeightField = mappedField('tree_height_field');
  const fallbackHeightFields = ['planx_tree_height', 'tree_height', 'height', 'boy', 'agac_boyu', 'ağaç_boyu', 'aÄŸaÃ§_boyu', 'yukseklik', 'yükseklik', 'yÃ¼kseklik'];
  const heightFields = mappedHeightField ? [mappedHeightField, ...fallbackHeightFields] : fallbackHeightFields;
  const randomHeightExpr = parseRandRangeExpr(settings.treeHeightRandomExpr);
  const randomizeTrees = !!settings.treeRandomize;
  const realisticTrees = String(settings.treeRenderMode || 'Stylized') === 'Realistic';
  // Tree model pool (Model Studio): one or more uploaded GLB tree models. When
  // the pool has entries, each tree picks a model from it at random (deterministic).
  const treePoolScenes = (Array.isArray(settings.treeModelPool) ? settings.treeModelPool : [])
    .map(id => uploadedModels.find(m => m.id === id && m.category === 'tree'))
    .filter(Boolean)
    .map(m => m.scene);
  const modelBasedTrees = String(settings.treeRenderMode || 'Stylized') === 'Model-based'
    || settings.activeTreeModel !== 'default'
    || treePoolScenes.length > 0;
  const mustUseDefaultHeightRandom = !mappedHeightField && !randomHeightExpr;
  const treeVariants = activeTreeVariantsForBuild();
  if (!treeVariants.length) return;

  const variantsForBuild = randomizeTrees ? treeVariants : treeVariants.slice(0, 1);
  const buckets = variantsForBuild.map(() => []);
  treeSamples.forEach((entry, i) => {
    const coord = entry.coord;
    const feature = entry.feature;
    if (!isFiniteCoord(coord)) return;
    const [x, z] = metersToLocal(coord[0], coord[1]);
    const y = terrainLocalYAt(x, z) + LAYER.content + (settings.treeElevation || 0);
    const baseRandom = 1 + deterministicUnitHash(x, z, i + 101) * 6;
    const sourceHeight = parseNumberProp(feature?.properties || {}, heightFields, NaN);
    let treeH = Number.isFinite(sourceHeight) && sourceHeight > 0.5 ? sourceHeight : baseRandom;
    if (randomHeightExpr) {
      const ratio = deterministicUnitHash(x, z, i + 11);
      treeH = randomHeightExpr.min + ratio * (randomHeightExpr.max - randomHeightExpr.min);
    } else if (mustUseDefaultHeightRandom) {
      treeH = baseRandom;
    }
    treeH = Math.max(0.8, treeH);
    const variantIndex = randomizeTrees
      ? Math.floor(deterministicUnitHash(x, z, i + 5) * variantsForBuild.length) % variantsForBuild.length
      : i % variantsForBuild.length;
    buckets[variantIndex].push({ x, y, z, h: treeH });
  });

  const customModelEntry = settings.activeTreeModel !== 'default'
    ? uploadedModels.find(m => m.id === settings.activeTreeModel)
    : null;
  // Priority: random pool > single active uploaded model. Otherwise the
  // procedural renderer below supplies the default without a missing GLB fetch.
  const modelScenes = treePoolScenes.length
    ? treePoolScenes
    : (customModelEntry ? [customModelEntry.scene] : []);

  if (modelBasedTrees && modelScenes.length) {
    const tsx = settings.treeScaleX !== undefined ? settings.treeScaleX : 1.0;
    const tsy = settings.treeScaleY !== undefined ? settings.treeScaleY : 1.0;
    const tsz = settings.treeScaleZ !== undefined ? settings.treeScaleZ : 1.0;
    buckets.forEach((trees) => {
      trees.forEach(({ x, y, z, h }) => {
        const pick = modelScenes.length > 1
          ? modelScenes[Math.floor(deterministicUnitHash(x, z, 73) * modelScenes.length) % modelScenes.length]
          : modelScenes[0];
        const m = pick.clone();
        m.position.set(x, y, z);
        const scaleFactor = h / 8.0;
        m.scale.set(scaleFactor * tsx, scaleFactor * tsy, scaleFactor * tsz);
        const rot = ((x * 13.7 + z * 7.3) % (Math.PI * 2) + Math.PI * 2) % (Math.PI * 2);
        m.rotation.y = rot;
        m.traverse(child => {
          if (child.isMesh) {
            child.castShadow = true;
            child.receiveShadow = true;
          }
        });
        treeGroup.add(m);
      });
    });
    return;
  }

  const trunkMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x4a3a2a, roughness: 0.95 });
  const trunkGeo = new THREE.CylinderGeometry(0.1, 0.18, 1, 6);
  const dummy = new THREE.Object3D();

  buckets.forEach((trees, vi) => {
    if (!trees.length) return;
    const variantName = variantsForBuild[vi] || TREE_VARIANT_CATALOG[0];
    const profile = TREE_VARIANT_PROFILES[variantName] || TREE_PROFILE_DEFAULT;
    const crownGeo = treeCrownGeometry(profile.shape, realisticTrees);
    const crownMinY = crownGeometryMinY(crownGeo, -1);
    const leafMat = treeLeafMaterial(variantName, profile, realisticTrees);
    const trunkInst = new THREE.InstancedMesh(trunkGeo, trunkMat, trees.length);
    trunkInst.frustumCulled = false;
    trunkInst.castShadow = true;
    const crownInst = new THREE.InstancedMesh(crownGeo, leafMat, trees.length);
    crownInst.frustumCulled = false;
    crownInst.castShadow = true;
    crownInst.userData.planxTreeVariant = variantName;
    let canopyUpperInst = null;
    if (realisticTrees && profile.shape !== 'palm') {
      const upperGeo = treeCrownGeometry(profile.shape, true);
      const upperMat = treeLeafMaterial(variantName, profile, true);
      canopyUpperInst = new THREE.InstancedMesh(upperGeo, upperMat, trees.length);
      canopyUpperInst.frustumCulled = false;
      canopyUpperInst.castShadow = true;
      canopyUpperInst.userData.planxTreeVariant = `${variantName}-upper`;
    }

    trees.forEach(({ x, y, z, h }, idx) => {
      const trunkH = Math.max(1.1, h * profile.trunkRatio);
      const crownH = Math.max(1.4, h - trunkH);
      const rot = ((x * 13.7 + z * 7.3) % (Math.PI * 2) + Math.PI * 2) % (Math.PI * 2);

      dummy.position.set(x, y + trunkH * 0.5, z);
      dummy.rotation.set(0, rot, 0);
      dummy.scale.set(1, trunkH, 1);
      dummy.updateMatrix();
      trunkInst.setMatrixAt(idx, dummy.matrix);

      const crownRadius = crownH * profile.crownWidth;
      const crownVertical = crownH * profile.crownHeight;
      const crownEmbed = Number.isFinite(profile.crownEmbed) ? profile.crownEmbed : 0.08;
      const coneLike = profile.shape === 'cypress' || profile.shape === 'pine' || profile.shape === 'palm';
      const crownY = coneLike
        ? (y + trunkH - crownH * crownEmbed - crownMinY * crownVertical)
        : (y + trunkH + crownVertical * 0.5 - crownH * crownEmbed);
      dummy.position.set(x, crownY, z);
      dummy.rotation.set(0, rot, 0);
      dummy.scale.set(crownRadius, crownVertical, crownRadius);
      dummy.updateMatrix();
      crownInst.setMatrixAt(idx, dummy.matrix);
      if (canopyUpperInst) {
        const upperRadius = crownRadius * 0.76;
        const upperVertical = crownVertical * 0.62;
        const upperY = crownY + upperVertical * 0.56;
        dummy.position.set(x, upperY, z);
        dummy.rotation.set(0, rot + 0.45, 0);
        dummy.scale.set(upperRadius, upperVertical, upperRadius);
        dummy.updateMatrix();
        canopyUpperInst.setMatrixAt(idx, dummy.matrix);
      }
    });

    trunkInst.instanceMatrix.needsUpdate = true;
    crownInst.instanceMatrix.needsUpdate = true;
    trunkInst.computeBoundingSphere();
    crownInst.computeBoundingSphere();
    if (canopyUpperInst) {
      canopyUpperInst.instanceMatrix.needsUpdate = true;
      canopyUpperInst.computeBoundingSphere();
      treeGroup.add(trunkInst, crownInst, canopyUpperInst);
    } else {
      treeGroup.add(trunkInst, crownInst);
    }
  });
}

const gltfLoader = new GLTFLoader();

function numericPropFirst(props, names) {
  for (const name of names) {
    if (!name || props?.[name] === undefined || props?.[name] === null || props?.[name] === '') continue;
    const value = Number(String(props[name]).replace(',', '.'));
    if (Number.isFinite(value)) return value;
  }
  return null;
}

function nearestRoadInfo(x, z) {
  let bestDist = Infinity;
  let bestAngle = 0;
  let bestSide = 1;
  for (const curve of roadCurves || []) {
    const samples = 28;
    for (let i = 0; i <= samples; i++) {
      const t = i / samples;
      const p = curve.getPointAt(t);
      const d = (p.x - x) * (p.x - x) + (p.z - z) * (p.z - z);
      if (d < bestDist) {
        const tangent = curve.getTangentAt(t);
        bestDist = d;
        bestAngle = Math.atan2(tangent.x, tangent.z);
        const cross = tangent.x * (z - p.z) - tangent.z * (x - p.x);
        bestSide = cross >= 0 ? 1 : -1;
      }
    }
  }
  return { angle: bestAngle, side: bestSide, distance: Math.sqrt(bestDist) };
}

function furnitureRotationY(feature, x, z, mappedKey) {
  const props = feature?.properties || {};
  const fieldNames = namesWithMapping(mappedKey, [
    'planx_angle', 'planx_rotation', 'angle', 'rotation', 'rot',
    'heading', 'bearing', 'azimuth', 'direction', 'yon', 'yön', 'yÃ¶n'
  ]);
  const deg = numericPropFirst(props, fieldNames);
  if (deg !== null) return -THREE.MathUtils.degToRad(deg);
  const info = nearestRoadInfo(x, z);
  if (mappedKey === 'light_angle_field') return info.angle + Math.PI;
  if (mappedKey === 'bench_angle_field' || mappedKey === 'busstop_angle_field') return info.angle + info.side * Math.PI / 2;
  if (mappedKey === 'trashbin_angle_field') return info.angle;
  return info.angle;
}

function buildFurnitureLayer() {
  clearGroup(furnitureGroup);
  const db = layerDataCache.furniture || {};
  const { lights, benches, bins, busstops } = db;
  
  // Materials
  const metalMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x333333, metalness: 0.8, roughness: 0.2 });
  const woodMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x6e4b2d, roughness: 0.9 });
  const glassMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x88ccff, transparent: true, opacity: 0.6 });
  const poolStyle = (category, current, fallbacks) => {
    const variants = assetPoolVariants(category);
    const allowed = variants.length ? variants : fallbacks;
    return allowed.includes(current) ? current : allowed[0];
  };
  const activeLightStyle = poolStyle('lights', settings.lightStyle, ['Modern Arc', 'Classic Post', 'Dual Head']);
  const activeBenchStyle = poolStyle('benches', settings.benchStyle, ['Wood Plank', 'Concrete Slab', 'Curved Metal']);
  const activeBinStyle = poolStyle('bins', settings.binStyle, ['Square Box', 'Cylinder', 'Dual Recycle']);
  const activeStopStyle = poolStyle('busstops', settings.stopStyle, ['Glass Shelter', 'Minimal Canopy', 'Wood Cabin']);

  function getLightGeo() {
    const g = new THREE.Group();
    const pole = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.CylinderGeometry(0.08, 0.12, 4, 8), metalMat);
    pole.position.y = 2;
    const isNight = (_solarCache.elevationDeg ?? 30) < -3;
    const lampMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
      color: isNight ? 0xffffee : 0xdddddd, 
      emissive: isNight ? 0xffcc88 : 0x000000,
      emissiveIntensity: isNight ? 2.0 : 0
    });
    if (activeLightStyle === 'Classic Post') {
      const lamp = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.SphereGeometry(0.25, 8, 8), lampMat);
      lamp.position.set(0, 4.2, 0);
      g.add(pole, lamp);
    } else if (activeLightStyle === 'Heritage Lantern') {
      const cap = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.ConeGeometry(0.28, 0.18, 6), metalMat);
      cap.position.y = 4.35;
      const lantern = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.36, 0.42, 0.36), lampMat);
      lantern.position.y = 4.08;
      const ring = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.TorusGeometry(0.18, 0.018, 6, 16), metalMat);
      ring.position.y = 4.34;
      g.add(pole, cap, lantern, ring);
    } else if (activeLightStyle === 'Slim Post') {
      pole.scale.set(0.62, 0.88, 0.62);
      const head = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.22, 0.08, 0.55), lampMat);
      head.position.set(0.18, 3.55, 0);
      g.add(pole, head);
    } else if (activeLightStyle === 'Bollard Path') {
      pole.scale.set(1.05, 0.32, 1.05);
      pole.position.y = 0.65;
      const cap = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.CylinderGeometry(0.16, 0.16, 0.16, 12), lampMat);
      cap.position.y = 1.32;
      g.add(pole, cap);
    } else if (activeLightStyle === 'Campus Twin') {
      const cross = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(1.0, 0.08, 0.08), metalMat);
      cross.position.y = 3.7;
      const l1 = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.CylinderGeometry(0.16, 0.12, 0.18, 8), lampMat);
      l1.position.set(0.42, 3.65, 0);
      const l2 = l1.clone();
      l2.position.set(-0.42, 3.65, 0);
      g.add(pole, cross, l1, l2);
    } else if (activeLightStyle === 'Dual Head') {
      const cross = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(1.2, 0.08, 0.08), metalMat);
      cross.position.y = 4;
      const l1 = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.2, 0.1, 0.2), lampMat);
      l1.position.set(0.5, 4, 0);
      const l2 = l1.clone();
      l2.position.set(-0.5, 4, 0);
      g.add(pole, cross, l1, l2);
    } else { // Modern Arc
      const arm = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.6, 0.08, 0.08), metalMat);
      arm.position.set(0.3, 4, 0);
      const lamp = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.3, 0.05, 0.2), lampMat);
      lamp.position.set(0.5, 3.95, 0);
      g.add(pole, arm, lamp);
    }
    return g;
  }

  function getBenchGeo() {
    const g = new THREE.Group();
    if (activeBenchStyle === 'Concrete Slab') {
      const b = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(1.8, 0.5, 0.6), new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({color: 0x999999, roughness: 0.9}));
      b.position.y = 0.25;
      g.add(b);
    } else if (activeBenchStyle === 'Stone Seat') {
      const b = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(1.9, 0.42, 0.58), new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0xb9b0a2, roughness: 0.96 }));
      b.position.y = 0.24;
      const groove = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(1.7, 0.04, 0.08), new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x8e8578, roughness: 0.98 }));
      groove.position.set(0, 0.47, -0.18);
      g.add(b, groove);
    } else if (activeBenchStyle === 'Curved Metal') {
      const mMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({color: 0x555555, metalness: 0.6, roughness: 0.4});
      const seat = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.CylinderGeometry(0.3, 0.3, 1.6, 12, 1, false, 0, Math.PI), mMat);
      seat.rotation.z = Math.PI/2;
      seat.position.y = 0.3;
      const l1 = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.05, 0.4, 0.4), mMat);
      l1.position.set(0.7, 0.2, 0);
      const l2 = l1.clone();
      l2.position.set(-0.7, 0.2, 0);
      g.add(seat, l1, l2);
    } else if (activeBenchStyle === 'Slim Urban') {
      const mMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x3f464d, metalness: 0.55, roughness: 0.34 });
      for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        const slat = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(1.75, 0.055, 0.08), mMat);
        slat.position.set(0, 0.42 + i * 0.1, -0.18 + i * 0.08);
        g.add(slat);
      }
      const leg1 = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.08, 0.42, 0.36), mMat);
      leg1.position.set(0.62, 0.21, 0.02);
      const leg2 = leg1.clone();
      leg2.position.x = -0.62;
      g.add(leg1, leg2);
    } else if (activeBenchStyle === 'Eco Timber') {
      const ecoMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x8a6138, roughness: 0.94 });
      const seat = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(1.85, 0.12, 0.55), ecoMat);
      seat.position.y = 0.42;
      const back = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(1.85, 0.58, 0.10), ecoMat);
      back.position.set(0, 0.76, -0.26);
      const leg = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(1.65, 0.22, 0.18), ecoMat);
      leg.position.set(0, 0.16, 0.06);
      g.add(seat, back, leg);
    } else if (activeBenchStyle === 'Classic Iron') {
      const ironMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x1f2937, metalness: 0.72, roughness: 0.28 });
      for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        const slat = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(1.65, 0.07, 0.12), woodMat);
        slat.position.set(0, 0.42 + i * 0.18, -0.16 + i * 0.1);
        g.add(slat);
      }
      const side1 = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.TorusGeometry(0.28, 0.025, 8, 18, Math.PI), ironMat);
      side1.rotation.z = Math.PI / 2;
      side1.position.set(0.78, 0.3, 0.02);
      const side2 = side1.clone();
      side2.position.x = -0.78;
      g.add(side1, side2);
    } else { // Wood Plank
      const seat = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(1.6, 0.08, 0.5), woodMat);
      seat.position.y = 0.4;
      const back = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(1.6, 0.5, 0.08), woodMat);
      back.position.set(0, 0.7, -0.21);
      const leg1 = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.1, 0.4, 0.4), metalMat);
      leg1.position.set(0.6, 0.2, 0);
      const leg2 = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.1, 0.4, 0.4), metalMat);
      leg2.position.set(-0.6, 0.2, 0);
      g.add(seat, back, leg1, leg2);
    }
    return g;
  }

  function getBinGeo() {
    if (activeBinStyle === 'Square Box') {
      const b = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.5, 0.8, 0.5), new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({color: 0x222222}));
      b.position.y = 0.4;
      return b;
    } else if (activeBinStyle === 'Compact') {
      const g = new THREE.Group();
      const body = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.42, 0.62, 0.42), new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x334155, roughness: 0.78 }));
      body.position.y = 0.31;
      const lid = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.52, 0.08, 0.52), new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x111827, roughness: 0.72 }));
      lid.position.y = 0.66;
      g.add(body, lid);
      return g;
    } else if (activeBinStyle === 'Solar Compactor') {
      const g = new THREE.Group();
      const body = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.58, 0.92, 0.48), new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x1f2937, roughness: 0.7 }));
      body.position.y = 0.46;
      const panel = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.5, 0.04, 0.36), new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x0f172a, metalness: 0.4, roughness: 0.22 }));
      panel.position.set(0, 0.96, -0.02);
      panel.rotation.x = -0.22;
      g.add(body, panel);
      return g;
    } else if (activeBinStyle === 'Dual Recycle') {
      const g = new THREE.Group();
      const b1 = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.4, 0.7, 0.4), new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({color: 0x225588}));
      b1.position.set(-0.22, 0.35, 0);
      const b2 = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.4, 0.7, 0.4), new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({color: 0x226622}));
      b2.position.set(0.22, 0.35, 0);
      g.add(b1, b2);
      return g;
    } else { // Cylinder
      const b = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.CylinderGeometry(0.3, 0.25, 0.8, 12), new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({color: 0x2d3748}));
      b.position.y = 0.4;
      return b;
    }
  }

  function getStopGeo() {
    const g = new THREE.Group();
    if (activeStopStyle === 'Compact Marker') {
      const pole = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.CylinderGeometry(0.05, 0.05, 2.2), metalMat);
      pole.position.y = 1.1;
      const sign = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.75, 0.52, 0.06), new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x0f766e, roughness: 0.58 }));
      sign.position.y = 2.0;
      const base = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.CylinderGeometry(0.18, 0.22, 0.08, 10), metalMat);
      base.position.y = 0.04;
      g.add(pole, sign, base);
    } else if (activeStopStyle === 'Minimal Canopy') {
      const pole1 = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.CylinderGeometry(0.05, 0.05, 2.8), metalMat);
      pole1.position.set(-1.5, 1.4, -0.5);
      const pole2 = pole1.clone();
      pole2.position.set(1.5, 1.4, -0.5);
      const roof = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(4.0, 0.1, 1.8), new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({color: 0xdddddd}));
      roof.position.set(0, 2.8, 0);
      g.add(pole1, pole2, roof);
    } else if (activeStopStyle === 'Wood Cabin') {
      const wBase = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(3.6, 0.1, 1.6), woodMat);
      const wBack = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(3.6, 2.4, 0.1), woodMat);
      wBack.position.set(0, 1.2, -0.75);
      const wRoof = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(3.8, 0.1, 1.8), woodMat);
      wRoof.position.set(0, 2.4, 0);
      const s1 = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.1, 2.4, 1.5), woodMat);
      s1.position.set(-1.75, 1.2, 0);
      const s2 = s1.clone();
      s2.position.set(1.75, 1.2, 0);
      g.add(wBase, wBack, wRoof, s1, s2);
    } else if (activeStopStyle === 'Steel Canopy') {
      const base = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(4.2, 0.1, 1.55), metalMat);
      const pole1 = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.CylinderGeometry(0.06, 0.06, 2.5), metalMat);
      pole1.position.set(-1.65, 1.25, -0.52);
      const pole2 = pole1.clone();
      pole2.position.x = 1.65;
      const roof = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(4.35, 0.12, 1.95), new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x6b7280, metalness: 0.45, roughness: 0.38 }));
      roof.position.y = 2.55;
      roof.rotation.x = -0.08;
      const bench = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(2.0, 0.12, 0.42), woodMat);
      bench.position.set(0, 0.48, 0.18);
      g.add(base, pole1, pole2, roof, bench);
    } else { // Glass Shelter
      const base = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(4, 0.1, 1.5), metalMat);
      const wall1 = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.1, 2.5, 1.5), glassMat);
      wall1.position.set(-1.95, 1.25, 0);
      const wall2 = wall1.clone();
      wall2.position.set(1.95, 1.25, 0);
      const back = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(3.8, 2.5, 0.1), glassMat);
      back.position.set(0, 1.25, -0.7);
      const roof = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(4.2, 0.1, 1.8), metalMat);
      roof.position.y = 2.55;
      g.add(base, wall1, wall2, back, roof);
    }
    return g;
  }

  const customLightEntry = settings.activeLightModel !== 'default'
    ? uploadedModels.find(m => m.id === settings.activeLightModel)
    : null;
  const lightGeo = customLightEntry ? customLightEntry.scene : getLightGeo();

  const customBenchEntry = settings.activeBenchModel !== 'default'
    ? uploadedModels.find(m => m.id === settings.activeBenchModel)
    : null;
  const benchGeo = customBenchEntry ? customBenchEntry.scene : getBenchGeo();

  const customBinEntry = settings.activeBinModel !== 'default'
    ? uploadedModels.find(m => m.id === settings.activeBinModel)
    : null;
  const binMesh = customBinEntry ? customBinEntry.scene : getBinGeo();

  const customStopEntry = settings.activeBusStopModel !== 'default'
    ? uploadedModels.find(m => m.id === settings.activeBusStopModel)
    : null;
  const stopGeo = customStopEntry ? customStopEntry.scene : getStopGeo();
  const angleFieldKeyByKind = {
    lights: 'light_angle_field',
    benches: 'bench_angle_field',
    bins: 'trashbin_angle_field',
    busstops: 'busstop_angle_field'
  };

  const furnitureElevationByKind = {
    lights: settings.lightElevation || 0,
    benches: settings.benchElevation || 0,
    bins: settings.binElevation || 0,
    busstops: settings.busstopElevation || 0
  };
  const furnitureScaleByKind = {
    lights: ['lightScaleX', 'lightScaleY', 'lightScaleZ'],
    benches: ['benchScaleX', 'benchScaleY', 'benchScaleZ'],
    bins: ['binScaleX', 'binScaleY', 'binScaleZ'],
    busstops: ['busstopScaleX', 'busstopScaleY', 'busstopScaleZ']
  };
  const furnitureRotationByKind = {
    lights: settings.lightRotation || 0,
    benches: settings.benchRotation || 0,
    bins: settings.binRotation || 0,
    busstops: settings.busstopRotation || 0
  };
  const placeItem = (feats, modelTemplate, kind) => {
    if (!feats || !feats.features) return;
    const elevOffset = furnitureElevationByKind[kind] || 0;
    const sk = furnitureScaleByKind[kind];
    const sx = sk && settings[sk[0]] !== undefined ? settings[sk[0]] : 1.0;
    const sy = sk && settings[sk[1]] !== undefined ? settings[sk[1]] : 1.0;
    const sz = sk && settings[sk[2]] !== undefined ? settings[sk[2]] : 1.0;
    // Manual rotation offset (deg) added on top of the road-aligned/attribute angle.
    const rotOffset = THREE.MathUtils.degToRad(furnitureRotationByKind[kind] || 0);
    feats.features.forEach(f => {
      if (!f.geometry || f.geometry.type !== 'Point') return;
      const [x, z] = metersToLocal(f.geometry.coordinates[0], f.geometry.coordinates[1]);
      // Furniture meshes are modelled pivot-at-base; place directly on terrain
      // with a tiny anti-z-fighting offset. Earlier (LAYER.content + LAYER.road)
      // sum lifted them ~1 m into the air.
      const y = terrainLocalYAt(x, z) + (settings.furnitureGroundOffset ?? 0.02) + elevOffset;
      const m = modelTemplate.clone();
      m.position.set(x, y, z);
      if (sx !== 1.0 || sy !== 1.0 || sz !== 1.0) m.scale.set(sx, sy, sz);
      m.rotation.y = furnitureRotationY(f, x, z, angleFieldKeyByKind[kind]) - rotOffset;
      furnitureGroup.add(m);
    });
  };

  const isNight = (_solarCache.elevationDeg ?? 30) < -3;
  if (settings.showLights) {
    placeItem(lights, lightGeo, 'lights');
    if (isNight && lights && lights.features) {
      lights.features.forEach((f) => {
        if (!f.geometry || f.geometry.type !== 'Point') return;
        const [x, z] = metersToLocal(f.geometry.coordinates[0], f.geometry.coordinates[1]);
        const y = terrainLocalYAt(x, z) + (settings.furnitureGroundOffset ?? 0.02) + (settings.lightElevation || 0) + 4.2;
        const pl = new THREE.PointLight(0xffcc88, 1.4, 24);
        pl.position.set(x, y, z);
        furnitureGroup.add(pl);
      });
    }
  }
  if (settings.showBenches) placeItem(benches, benchGeo, 'benches');
  if (settings.showBins) placeItem(bins, binMesh, 'bins');
  if (settings.showBusStops) placeItem(busstops, stopGeo, 'busstops');
}

function getSemanticColor(fn) {
  const f = String(fn || '').toUpperCase();
  // Function-distinct palette driven by the active colour theme (activeColorTheme).
  // Subtle per-function shifts keep functions readable in every theme.
  const pal = activeColorTheme().buildings || {};
  if (f.includes('RESID') || f.includes('APARTMENT') || f.includes('HOUSE') || f.includes('DETACHED') || f.includes('TERRACE') || f.includes('DORMITORY') || f.includes('KONUT') || f.includes('YERLEŞİK') || f.includes('MESKEN')) return pal.resid;
  if (f.includes('EDUCAT') || f.includes('SCHOOL') || f.includes('UNIVERS') || f.includes('COLLEGE') || f.includes('KINDERGARTEN') || f.includes('OKUL') || f.includes('EĞİTİM') || f.includes('ÜNİVERSİTE')) return pal.educ;
  if (f.includes('WORSHIP') || f.includes('MOSQUE') || f.includes('CHURCH') || f.includes('TEMPLE') || f.includes('SYNAGOGUE') || f.includes('CATHEDRAL') || f.includes('CHAPEL') || f.includes('CAMİ') || f.includes('DİNİ') || f.includes('İBADET')) return pal.worship;
  if (f.includes('COMMERC') || f.includes('RETAIL') || f.includes('OFFICE') || f.includes('SUPERMARKET') || f.includes('SHOP') || f.includes('KIOSK') || f.includes('TİCARET') || f.includes('ÇARŞI') || f.includes('AVM')) return pal.commerc;
  if (f.includes('HEALTH') || f.includes('HOSPITAL') || f.includes('CLINIC') || f.includes('SAĞLIK') || f.includes('HASTANE') || f.includes('KLİNİK')) return pal.health;
  if (f.includes('SPORT') || f.includes('PITCH') || f.includes('SPOR') || f.includes('STADYUM') || f.includes('ARENA')) return pal.sport;
  if (f.includes('GREEN') || f.includes('GRASS') || f.includes('FOREST') || f.includes('WOOD') || f.includes('GARDEN') || f.includes('MEADOW') || f.includes('CEMETERY') || f.includes('PARK') || f.includes('YEŞİL') || f.includes('BAHÇE')) return pal.green;
  if (f.includes('CIVIC') || f.includes('GOVERN') || f.includes('PUBLIC') || f.includes('TOWNHALL') || f.includes('KAMU') || f.includes('İDARİ') || f.includes('BELEDİYE')) return pal.civic;
  if (f.includes('INDUSTR') || f.includes('WAREHOUSE') || f.includes('MANUFACTURE') || f.includes('HANGAR') || f.includes('SANAYİ') || f.includes('ENDÜSTRİ') || f.includes('FABRİKA')) return pal.industr;
  return pal.default || '#b6bbc1';
}

function getFunctionIcon(fn) {
  const f = String(fn || '').toUpperCase();
  if (f.includes('RESID') || f.includes('APARTMENT') || f.includes('HOUSE')) return '🏠';
  if (f.includes('EDUCAT') || f.includes('SCHOOL') || f.includes('UNIVERS')) return '🏫';
  if (f.includes('WORSHIP') || f.includes('MOSQUE') || f.includes('CHURCH')) return '🕌';
  if (f.includes('COMMERC') || f.includes('RETAIL') || f.includes('OFFICE')) return '🏪';
  if (f.includes('HEALTH') || f.includes('HOSPITAL') || f.includes('CLINIC')) return '🏥';
  if (f.includes('SPORT') || f.includes('PITCH')) return '🏟️';
  if (f.includes('GREEN') || f.includes('GRASS') || f.includes('FOREST') || f.includes('WOOD') || f.includes('GARDEN')) return '🌳';
  if (f.includes('CIVIC') || f.includes('GOVERN') || f.includes('PUBLIC')) return '🏛️';
  if (f.includes('INDUSTR') || f.includes('WAREHOUSE')) return '🏭';
  if (f.includes('KONUT') || f.includes('YERLEŞİK')) return '🏠';
  if (f.includes('OKUL') || f.includes('EĞİTİM')) return '🏫';
  if (f.includes('CAMİ') || f.includes('DİNİ')) return '🕌';
  if (f.includes('TİCARET') || f.includes('AVM')) return '🏪';
  if (f.includes('SAĞLIK') || f.includes('HASTANE')) return '🏥';
  if (f.includes('SPOR')) return '🏟️';
  if (f.includes('PARK') || f.includes('YEŞİL')) return '🌳';
  if (f.includes('KAMU') || f.includes('İDARİ')) return '🏛️';
  return '🏢';
}

// Subtle, deterministic per-building lightness variation. Without it, every
// building of a given function is the exact same shade, which reads as artificial
// uniform massing. Seeded by the building's footprint so it is stable across
// re-runs / cache hits, preserves hue & saturation (varies only HSL lightness, so
// the active colour theme still reads), and is free — wall materials are already
// created per building.
function jitterBuildingColor(hex, seedKey) {
  const s = String(seedKey);
  let h = 2166136261;
  for (let i = 0; i < s.length; i++) { h ^= s.charCodeAt(i); h = Math.imul(h, 16777619); }
  const r = ((h >>> 0) % 10000) / 10000; // stable 0..1
  const col = new THREE.Color(hex);
  const hsl = { h: 0, s: 0, l: 0 };
  col.getHSL(hsl);
  hsl.l = Math.max(0.04, Math.min(0.96, hsl.l + (r - 0.5) * 0.14)); // ±7% lightness
  col.setHSL(hsl.h, hsl.s, hsl.l);
  return '#' + col.getHexString();
}

async function buildBuildingLayer(yapilar, buildToken = sceneBuildToken) {
  clearGroup(buildingGroup);
  if (!yapilar?.features?.length) return;

  const functions = [...new Set(yapilar.features.map((f) => String(buildingFunctionValue(f.properties || {}))))];

  for (let i = 0; i < functions.length; i++) {
    const fn = functions[i];
    ensureFunctionBuildingStyle(fn, i);
  }

  const roofTex = createRoofPresetTexture(settings.roofTexture);
  const roofTextureCache = { [settings.roofTexture]: roofTex };
  const facadeCache = {};
  for (const fn of functions) {
    const style = ensureFunctionBuildingStyle(fn, functions.indexOf(fn));
    const key = normalizeFacadeKey(style.facade);
    if (isTurkishFacadeFamily(key)) continue;
    if (!facadeCache[key]) {
      const scale = Math.max(1, Math.min(8, Number(style.facadeScale) || FACADE_TEXTURE_SCALE_MULTIPLIER));
      facadeCache[key] = await textureFromSet('facade', key, 0.55 / scale, 0.55 / scale);
      if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
    }
  }
  // Per-building texture scale cache keyed by (facade_type + floor_count)
  const facadeScaleCache = {};

  for (const f of yapilar.features) {
    const props = f.properties || {};
    const fn = String(buildingFunctionValue(props));
    const fnIndex = Math.max(0, functions.indexOf(fn));
    const fnStyle = ensureFunctionBuildingStyle(fn, fnIndex);
    const levels = buildingLevels(f.properties);
    const featureFloorHeight = parseNumberProp(props, ['planx_floor_height', 'floor_height', 'kat_yuksekligi', 'kat_yüksekliği'], fnStyle.floorHeight);
    const height = buildingHeightFromProps(props, levels, featureFloorHeight);
    const featureColor = normalizeHexColor(propFirst(props, ['planx_color', 'planx_renk', 'color', 'renk']), fnStyle.color);
    const selectedFacadeRaw = presetValue(propFirst(props, ['planx_facade', 'planx_texture', 'facade', 'cephe', 'doku']), textureSets.facade, fnStyle.facade);
    const selectedFacade = normalizeFacadeKey(selectedFacadeRaw);
    const featureFacade = resolveFacadeForLevels(selectedFacade, levels);
    const featureFacadeScale = Math.max(1, Math.min(8, parseNumberProp(props, ['planx_facade_scale', 'facade_scale', 'cephe_olcegi'], fnStyle.facadeScale)));
    const featureRoofTexture = presetValue(propFirst(props, ['planx_roof_texture', 'roof_texture', 'cati_doku', 'cati_texture']), textureSets.roof, fnStyle.roofTexture);
    // An explicit OSM/PlanX roof tag wins; otherwise use the active per-function
    // style. The previous smart Flat/Gable substitution made the global Pyramid
    // choice impossible to apply, even though the UI showed it as selected.
    const explicitRoof = propFirst(props, ['planx_roof_shape', 'roof_shape', 'cati_tipi']);
    const featureRoofShape = roofShapeValue(explicitRoof || fnStyle.roofShape, settings.roofShape);
    const featureRoofHeight = parseNumberProp(props, ['planx_roof_height', 'roof_height', 'cati_yuksekligi', 'çatı_yüksekliği'], fnStyle.roofHeight);
    const featureRoofColor = normalizeHexColor(propFirst(props, ['planx_roof_color', 'roof_color', 'cati_renk']), '#ffffff');

    for (const poly of getPolygonRings(f.geometry)) {
      const outer = poly[0];
      if (!outer || outer.length < 3) continue;
      const shape = shapeFromLocalPolygon(poly);
      if (!shape) continue;
      const footprint = [];
      let sx = 0;
      let sy = 0;
      for (let i = 0; i < outer.length; i++) {
        const [x, z] = metersToLocal(outer[i][0], outer[i][1]);
        sx += outer[i][0];
        sy += outer[i][1];
        footprint.push(new THREE.Vector3(x, 0, z));
      }

      const baseY = buildingBaseYForOuterRing(outer);
      const footprintArea = parseNumberProp(props, ['taban_alani', 'footprint_area', 'aream2'], polygonAreaGeo(outer));
      const floorArea = parseNumberProp(props, namesWithMapping('building_floor_area_field', ['toplam_insaat', 'insaat_alani', 'floor_area', 'gross_area']), footprintArea * levels);
      const dwellings = parseNumberProp(props, namesWithMapping('building_dwelling_field', ['daire', 'daire_sayisi', 'dwelling', 'dwellings']), Math.max(1, Math.round(floorArea / 115)));
      const population = parseNumberProp(props, ['nufus', 'nüfus', 'population', 'pop'], Math.round(dwellings * 3.1));
      const vehicles = parseNumberProp(props, ['arac', 'araç', 'vehicle', 'cars'], Math.round(dwellings * 0.7));

      if (settings.buildingMode === 'Footprint only') {
        const fpGeo = new THREE.ShapeGeometry(shape);
        fpGeo.rotateX(Math.PI / 2);
        const fpMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
          color: new THREE.Color(featureColor),
          roughness: 0.82,
          side: THREE.DoubleSide
        });
        const fp = new THREE.Mesh(fpGeo, fpMat);
        fp.position.y = baseY + 0.035;
        fp.receiveShadow = true;
        fp.renderOrder = 34;
        fp.userData = { ...(f.properties || {}), planx_calc_footprint_area: footprintArea, planx_calc_floor_area: floorArea, planx_calc_dwellings: dwellings, planx_calc_population: population, planx_calc_vehicles: vehicles };
        if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
        buildingGroup.add(fp);
        continue;
      }

      if (!facadeCache[featureFacade]) {
        facadeCache[featureFacade] = await textureFromSet('facade', featureFacade, 0.5 / featureFacadeScale, 0.5 / featureFacadeScale);
        if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
      }
      const texKey = `${featureFacade}_${levels}_${height.toFixed(2)}_${featureFacadeScale.toFixed(2)}`;
      if (!facadeScaleCache[texKey]) {
        const base = facadeCache[featureFacade];
        if (base) {
          const recipe = (typeof FACADE_RECIPES !== 'undefined') ? FACADE_RECIPES[featureFacade] : null;
          const textureFloorRows = facadeTextureFloorRows(featureFacade, recipe?.floorRows || 10);
          const repeatV = Math.max(0.025, Math.min(3.0, levels / textureFloorRows / featureFacadeScale));
          const t = base.clone();
          t.repeat.set(0.5 / featureFacadeScale, repeatV);
          t.needsUpdate = true;
          facadeScaleCache[texKey] = t;
        }
      }
      const facadeTex = facadeScaleCache[texKey] || facadeCache[featureFacade];
      if (!roofTextureCache[featureRoofTexture]) {
        roofTextureCache[featureRoofTexture] = createRoofPresetTexture(featureRoofTexture);
      }
      const featureRoofTex = roofTextureCache[featureRoofTexture];
      const isNight = (_solarCache.elevationDeg ?? 30) < -3;
      const matRoof = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ map: featureRoofTex, color: new THREE.Color(featureRoofColor), roughness: 0.85, side: THREE.DoubleSide });
      const matHiddenCap = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0xffffff, transparent: true, opacity: 0, depthWrite: false });
      // Vary each building's wall shade a touch (deterministic, seeded by its
      // footprint centroid) so same-function blocks aren't all identical.
      const wallColor = jitterBuildingColor(featureColor, `${Math.round(sx)}_${Math.round(sy)}`);
      const matWall = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
        map: facadeTex,
        color: new THREE.Color(wallColor),
        roughness: 0.72,
        side: THREE.DoubleSide,
        emissive: isNight ? new THREE.Color(0x333322) : new THREE.Color(0x000000),
        emissiveIntensity: isNight ? (Math.random() * 0.8 + 0.2) : 0
      });

      const useSeparateRoofMesh = settings.buildingMode === 'Extruded + roof';
      
      const podiumHeight = (levels > 2 && settings.buildingSetback > 0) ? featureFloorHeight : 0;
      let finalTowerShape = shape;
      let finalTowerFootprint = footprint;
      const buildingData = {
        ...(f.properties || {}),
        planx_calc_footprint_area: footprintArea,
        planx_calc_floor_area: floorArea,
        planx_calc_dwellings: dwellings,
        planx_calc_population: population,
        planx_calc_vehicles: vehicles
      };

      if (podiumHeight > 0) {
        // 1. Podium (Ground floor)
        const podiumExtrude = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(shape, { depth: podiumHeight, bevelEnabled: false });
        podiumExtrude.rotateX(Math.PI / 2);
        podiumExtrude.computeBoundingBox();
        const minPodY = podiumExtrude.boundingBox ? podiumExtrude.boundingBox.min.y : 0;
        if (minPodY !== 0) podiumExtrude.translate(0, -minPodY, 0);

        let podiumFacadeTex = facadeTex;
        if (settings.showStorefronts) {
          const storefrontFacade = resolveFacadeForLevels(selectedFacade, 1);
          if (!facadeCache[storefrontFacade]) {
            facadeCache[storefrontFacade] = await textureFromSet('facade', storefrontFacade, 0.5 / featureFacadeScale, 0.5 / featureFacadeScale);
          }
          podiumFacadeTex = facadeCache[storefrontFacade] || facadeTex;
        }

        const matPodiumWall = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
          map: podiumFacadeTex,
          color: new THREE.Color(featureColor),
          roughness: 0.72,
          side: THREE.DoubleSide,
          emissive: isNight ? new THREE.Color(0x333322) : new THREE.Color(0x000000),
          emissiveIntensity: isNight ? (Math.random() * 0.8 + 0.2) : 0
        });

        const podMesh = new THREE.Mesh(podiumExtrude, [matHiddenCap, matPodiumWall]);
        podMesh.position.y = baseY;
        podMesh.castShadow = true;
        podMesh.receiveShadow = true;
        podMesh.userData = buildingData;
        if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
        buildingGroup.add(podMesh);

        // 2. Setback Tower
        const inset = shapeFromInsetPolygon(poly, settings.buildingSetback);
        if (inset) {
          finalTowerShape = inset;
          const outerInset = offsetRing(poly[0], settings.buildingSetback, false);
          if (outerInset && outerInset.length >= 3) {
            finalTowerFootprint = outerInset.map(pt => new THREE.Vector3(pt.x, 0, pt.y));
          }
        }

        const towerHeight = height - podiumHeight;
        const towerExtrude = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(finalTowerShape, { depth: towerHeight, bevelEnabled: false });
        towerExtrude.rotateX(Math.PI / 2);
        towerExtrude.computeBoundingBox();
        const minTowY = towerExtrude.boundingBox ? towerExtrude.boundingBox.min.y : 0;
        if (minTowY !== 0) towerExtrude.translate(0, -minTowY, 0);

        const towerLevels = Math.max(1, levels - 1);
        const towTexKey = `${featureFacade}_${towerLevels}_${towerHeight.toFixed(2)}_${featureFacadeScale.toFixed(2)}`;
        if (!facadeScaleCache[towTexKey]) {
          const base = facadeCache[featureFacade];
          if (base) {
            const recipe = (typeof FACADE_RECIPES !== 'undefined') ? FACADE_RECIPES[featureFacade] : null;
            const textureFloorRows = facadeTextureFloorRows(featureFacade, recipe?.floorRows || 10);
            const repeatV = Math.max(0.025, Math.min(3.0, towerLevels / textureFloorRows / featureFacadeScale));
            const t = base.clone();
            t.repeat.set(0.5 / featureFacadeScale, repeatV);
            t.needsUpdate = true;
            facadeScaleCache[towTexKey] = t;
          }
        }
        const towerFacadeTex = facadeScaleCache[towTexKey] || facadeTex;

        const matTowerWall = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
          map: towerFacadeTex,
          color: new THREE.Color(featureColor),
          roughness: 0.72,
          side: THREE.DoubleSide,
          emissive: isNight ? new THREE.Color(0x333322) : new THREE.Color(0x000000),
          emissiveIntensity: isNight ? (Math.random() * 0.8 + 0.2) : 0
        });

        const b = new THREE.Mesh(towerExtrude, useSeparateRoofMesh ? [matHiddenCap, matTowerWall] : [matRoof, matTowerWall]);
        b.position.y = baseY + podiumHeight;
        b.castShadow = true;
        b.receiveShadow = true;
        b.userData = buildingData;
        if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
        buildingGroup.add(b);

      } else {
        // Normal Extrusion (Single volume)
        const extrude = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(shape, { depth: height, bevelEnabled: false });
        extrude.rotateX(Math.PI / 2);
        extrude.computeBoundingBox();
        const minY = extrude.boundingBox ? extrude.boundingBox.min.y : 0;
        if (minY !== 0) extrude.translate(0, -minY, 0);

        const b = new THREE.Mesh(extrude, useSeparateRoofMesh ? [matHiddenCap, matWall] : [matRoof, matWall]);
        b.position.y = baseY;
        b.castShadow = true;
        b.receiveShadow = true;
        b.userData = buildingData;
        if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
        buildingGroup.add(b);
      }

      // 3. Facade Ledges/Slabs
      if (settings.showLedges && levels > 1) {
        const slabThickness = 0.12;
        const slabMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
          color: 0xe2e8f0,
          roughness: 0.85,
          side: THREE.DoubleSide
        });

        for (let i = 1; i < levels; i++) {
          const slabY = baseY + i * featureFloorHeight;
          const slabSetback = ((i === 1 && podiumHeight > 0) ? 0 : (podiumHeight > 0 ? settings.buildingSetback : 0)) - settings.ledgeProjection;
          const outsetShape = shapeFromInsetPolygon(poly, slabSetback);
          if (outsetShape) {
            const slabGeom = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(outsetShape, { depth: slabThickness, bevelEnabled: false });
            slabGeom.rotateX(Math.PI / 2);
            slabGeom.computeBoundingBox();
            const minSlabY = slabGeom.boundingBox ? slabGeom.boundingBox.min.y : 0;
            if (minSlabY !== 0) slabGeom.translate(0, -minSlabY, 0);

            const slabMesh = new THREE.Mesh(slabGeom, slabMat);
            slabMesh.position.y = slabY - slabThickness / 2;
            slabMesh.castShadow = true;
            slabMesh.receiveShadow = true;
            if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
            buildingGroup.add(slabMesh);
          }
        }
      }

      // 4. Roof Geometry
      if (useSeparateRoofMesh) {
        const roof = roofMeshFor(finalTowerShape, finalTowerFootprint, baseY + podiumHeight, height - podiumHeight, featureRoofShape, featureRoofHeight);
        roof.material.map = featureRoofTex;
        roof.material.color = new THREE.Color(featureRoofColor);
        roof.material.needsUpdate = true;
        roof.userData = buildingData;
        if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
        buildingGroup.add(roof);
      }
    }
  }
}
function buildZoningEnvelopesLayer(yapilar) {
  clearGroup(zoningGroup);
  if (!settings.showZoningEnvelopes || !yapilar?.features?.length) return;

  const zoningHeight = settings.zoningMaxHeight;
  const zoningSetbackVal = settings.zoningSetback;
  const highlight = settings.highlightViolations;

  for (const f of yapilar.features) {
    const props = f.properties || {};
    const levels = buildingLevels(props);
    const fn = String(buildingFunctionValue(props));
    const fnIndex = Math.max(0, Object.keys(functionColorState).indexOf(fn));
    const fnStyle = ensureFunctionBuildingStyle(fn, fnIndex);
    const featureFloorHeight = parseNumberProp(props, ['planx_floor_height', 'floor_height', 'kat_yuksekligi', 'kat_yüksekliği'], fnStyle.floorHeight);
    const height = buildingHeightFromProps(props, levels, featureFloorHeight);

    const poly = getPolygonRings(f.geometry);
    const outer = poly?.[0];
    if (!outer || outer.length < 3) continue;

    const baseY = buildingBaseYForOuterRing(outer);

    const zoningShape = shapeFromInsetPolygon(poly, zoningSetbackVal);
    if (!zoningShape) continue;

    const extrude = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(zoningShape, { depth: zoningHeight, bevelEnabled: false });
    extrude.rotateX(Math.PI / 2);
    extrude.computeBoundingBox();
    const minY = extrude.boundingBox ? extrude.boundingBox.min.y : 0;
    if (minY !== 0) extrude.translate(0, -minY, 0);

    const heightViolation = height > zoningHeight;
    const setbackViolation = zoningSetbackVal > 0 && settings.buildingSetback < zoningSetbackVal && levels > 2;
    const violated = highlight && (heightViolation || setbackViolation);

    const envelopeColor = violated ? 0xef4444 : 0x10b981;

    const matFilled = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
      color: envelopeColor,
      transparent: true,
      opacity: 0.08,
      side: THREE.DoubleSide,
      depthWrite: false
    });

    const envelopeMesh = new THREE.Mesh(extrude, matFilled);
    envelopeMesh.position.y = baseY;

    const edges = new THREE.EdgesGeometry(extrude);
    const lineMat = new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({
      color: envelopeColor,
      transparent: true,
      opacity: 0.6
    });
    const wireframe = new THREE.LineSegments(edges, lineMat);
    envelopeMesh.add(wireframe);

    zoningGroup.add(envelopeMesh);
  }
}

function createPedestrianModel(index = 0) {
  const variants = assetPoolVariants('pedestrians');
  const variant = variants[index % Math.max(1, variants.length)] || 'Commuter';
  const templateKey = `${variant}|${index % 4}|${index % 5}`;
  const cached = pedestrianTemplateCache.get(templateKey);
  if (cached) {
    const mesh = cached.mesh.clone(true);
    return {
      mesh,
      limbRefs: {
        leftArm: mesh.getObjectByName('ped-left-arm'),
        rightArm: mesh.getObjectByName('ped-right-arm'),
        leftLeg: mesh.getObjectByName('ped-left-leg'),
        rightLeg: mesh.getObjectByName('ped-right-leg'),
        leftShoe: mesh.getObjectByName('ped-left-shoe'),
        rightShoe: mesh.getObjectByName('ped-right-shoe')
      }
    };
  }
  const outfit = assetColor(variant, [0x1e293b, 0x334155, 0x475569, 0x0f766e][index % 4]);
  const accent = new THREE.Color(outfit).offsetHSL(0.02, -0.08, 0.08).getHex();
  const skin = [0xf2c7a0, 0xd7a67f, 0xb9825d, 0x8d5a3b][index % 4];
  const clothMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: outfit, roughness: 0.82 });
  const pantsMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: accent, roughness: 0.88 });
  const skinMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: skin, roughness: 0.65 });
  const shoeMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x111827, roughness: 0.9 });
  const root = new THREE.Group();

  const body = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.34, 0.82, 0.22), clothMat);
  body.position.y = 1.05;
  const head = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.SphereGeometry(0.18, 10, 8), skinMat);
  head.position.y = 1.58;
  const neck = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.CylinderGeometry(0.08, 0.08, 0.12, 8), skinMat);
  neck.position.y = 1.39;
  root.add(body, head, neck);

  const makeLimb = (mat, length, width, yOffset, zOffset = 0) => {
    const pivot = new THREE.Group();
    const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(width, length, width), mat);
    mesh.position.y = -length * 0.5;
    mesh.position.z = zOffset;
    pivot.position.y = yOffset;
    pivot.add(mesh);
    return pivot;
  };
  const leftArm = makeLimb(clothMat, 0.62, 0.08, 1.34, 0);
  leftArm.name = 'ped-left-arm';
  leftArm.position.x = -0.25;
  const rightArm = makeLimb(clothMat, 0.62, 0.08, 1.34, 0);
  rightArm.name = 'ped-right-arm';
  rightArm.position.x = 0.25;
  const leftLeg = makeLimb(pantsMat, 0.72, 0.10, 0.68, 0);
  leftLeg.name = 'ped-left-leg';
  leftLeg.position.x = -0.11;
  const rightLeg = makeLimb(pantsMat, 0.72, 0.10, 0.68, 0);
  rightLeg.name = 'ped-right-leg';
  rightLeg.position.x = 0.11;
  root.add(leftArm, rightArm, leftLeg, rightLeg);

  const leftShoe = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.14, 0.06, 0.24), shoeMat);
  leftShoe.name = 'ped-left-shoe';
  leftShoe.position.set(-0.11, 0.02, -0.04);
  const rightShoe = leftShoe.clone();
  rightShoe.name = 'ped-right-shoe';
  rightShoe.position.x = 0.11;
  root.add(leftShoe, rightShoe);
  root.scale.setScalar(0.95 + (index % 5) * 0.025);
  markObjectResourcesPersistent(root);
  pedestrianTemplateCache.set(templateKey, { mesh: root });
  return createPedestrianModel(index);
}

// Paint every road as one dissolved surface: a single canvas of round-join /
// flat-cap strokes draped on a terrain-following plane. Overlapping roads merge
// into one continuous painted layer, so intersections have no leftover ribbon
// edges, no z-fighting and no stray marking lines.
// --- Bike lanes (OSM cycleways): procedural green strips + optional cyclists ---
function createBikeLaneTexture() {
  const c = document.createElement('canvas'); c.width = 128; c.height = 256;
  const ctx = c.getContext('2d');
  ctx.fillStyle = settings.bikeLaneColor || '#16a34a'; ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 128, 256);
  ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(255,255,255,0.55)'; ctx.lineWidth = 4;
  for (let y = 16; y < 256; y += 48) { ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(64, y); ctx.lineTo(64, y + 24); ctx.stroke(); }
  const t = new THREE.CanvasTexture(c);
  t.wrapS = THREE.RepeatWrapping; t.wrapT = THREE.RepeatWrapping; t.repeat.set(1, 8); t.colorSpace = THREE.SRGBColorSpace;
  return t;
}
function bikeLaneFeatureWidth(feature) {
  const w = parseNumberProp(feature?.properties || {}, namesWithMapping('bike_lane_width_field', ['width', 'cycleway_width', 'bike_lane_width']), settings.bikeLaneWidth);
  return Math.max(1.2, Math.min(5, w || settings.bikeLaneWidth || 2.4));
}
function createBikeLaneMaterial() {
  return new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0xffffff, map: createBikeLaneTexture(), roughness: 0.9, metalness: 0.0, side: THREE.DoubleSide, polygonOffset: true, polygonOffsetFactor: -5, polygonOffsetUnits: -5 });
}
function createBikeLaneCurve(coords, closed = false, lateralOffset = 0) {
  const pts = [];
  for (const c of coords || []) { if (!c || c.length < 2) continue; const [x, z] = metersToLocal(c[0], c[1]); pts.push(new THREE.Vector3(x, 0, z)); }
  if (pts.length < 2) return null;
  const xz = new THREE.CatmullRomCurve3(pts, closed, 'centripetal');
  const len = Math.max(1, xz.getLength());
  const n = Math.max(pts.length, Math.ceil(len / 3) + 1);
  const out = [];
  for (let i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
    const u = i / n;
    const tp = xz.getPointAt(u);
    if (lateralOffset) {
      const tangent = xz.getTangent(u);
      const normal = new THREE.Vector3(-tangent.z, 0, tangent.x).normalize();
      tp.addScaledVector(normal, lateralOffset);
    }
    tp.y = terrainLocalYAt(tp.x, tp.z) + LAYER.bikeLane;
    out.push(tp);
  }
  return new THREE.CatmullRomCurve3(out, closed, 'centripetal');
}
function buildBikeLaneStrip(coords, width, mat, buildToken, lateralOffset = 0) {
  const curve = createBikeLaneCurve(coords, false, lateralOffset);
  if (!curve) return;
  bikeLaneCurves.push(curve);
  if (!settings.showBikeLanes) return;
  const len = Math.max(1, curve.getLength());
  const centers = curve.getPoints(Math.max(16, Math.ceil(len / 3) * 2));
  const positions = [], uvs = [], indices = [];
  for (let i = 0; i < centers.length; i++) {
    const p = centers[i];
    const tan = curve.getTangent(i / Math.max(1, centers.length - 1));
    const nrm = new THREE.Vector3(-tan.z, 0, tan.x).normalize().multiplyScalar(width * 0.5);
    positions.push(p.x + nrm.x, p.y, p.z + nrm.z, p.x - nrm.x, p.y, p.z - nrm.z);
    const v = i / Math.max(1, centers.length - 1); const vv = v * len / 12; uvs.push(0, vv, 1, vv);
  }
  for (let i = 0; i < centers.length - 1; i++) { const a = i * 2, b = a + 1, c = a + 2, d = a + 3; indices.push(a, c, b, c, d, b); }
  const geo = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
  geo.setAttribute('position', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(positions, 3));
  geo.setAttribute('uv', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(uvs, 2));
  geo.setIndex(indices); geo.computeVertexNormals();
  if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) {
    geo.dispose();
    return;
  }
  const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geo, mat); mesh.receiveShadow = true; mesh.renderOrder = 32; bikeLaneGroup.add(mesh);
}
function buildBikeLaneLayer(bikeLanes = EMPTY_GEOJSON, buildToken = sceneBuildToken) {
  clearGroup(bikeLaneGroup); clearGroup(bikeGroup); bikeLaneCurves = []; bikes = [];
  if ((!settings.showBikeLanes && !settings.showBikes) || !bikeLanes?.features?.length) return;
  const mat = createBikeLaneMaterial();
  for (const f of bikeLanes.features) {
    if (!f.geometry) continue;
    const width = bikeLaneFeatureWidth(f);
    const side = String(f.properties?.side || 'center').toLowerCase();
    const sideSign = side === 'left' ? 1 : side === 'right' ? -1 : 0;
    const roadFeature = {
      ...f,
      properties: { ...(f.properties || {}), width: f.properties?.road_width ?? null }
    };
    const roadHalfWidth = featureRoadWidth(roadFeature) * 0.5;
    const lateralOffset = sideSign * Math.max(width * 0.55, roadHalfWidth - width * 0.5);
    for (const line of lineSetsFromGeometry(f.geometry)) {
      buildBikeLaneStrip(line, width, mat, buildToken, lateralOffset);
      if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
    }
  }
  buildBicycleTraffic();
}
function createBicycleModel(index = 0) {
  const root = new THREE.Group();
  const frameMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: [0x0f172a, 0x0f766e, 0x1d4ed8, 0x7c2d12][index % 4], roughness: 0.45, metalness: 0.25 });
  const wheelMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x111827, roughness: 0.62 });
  const riderMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: [0xf97316, 0x38bdf8, 0xa3e635, 0xe879f9][index % 4], roughness: 0.8 });
  const skinMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0xd7a67f, roughness: 0.65 });
  const wheelGeo = new THREE.TorusGeometry(0.32, 0.035, 8, 18); wheelGeo.rotateY(Math.PI / 2);
  const rear = new THREE.Mesh(wheelGeo, wheelMat); rear.position.set(0, 0.35, 0.52);
  const front = new THREE.Mesh(wheelGeo.clone(), wheelMat); front.position.set(0, 0.35, -0.52);
  const frame = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.08, 0.08, 1.05), frameMat); frame.position.set(0, 0.68, 0); frame.rotation.x = 0.18;
  const rider = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.26, 0.54, 0.18), riderMat); rider.position.set(0, 1.08, 0.05); rider.rotation.x = -0.25;
  const head = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.SphereGeometry(0.13, 8, 8), skinMat); head.position.set(0, 1.45, -0.06);
  root.add(rear, front, frame, rider, head);
  root.traverse((o) => { if (o.isMesh) o.castShadow = true; });
  return { mesh: root, wheels: [rear, front] };
}
function buildBicycleTraffic() {
  bikes = []; clearGroup(bikeGroup);
  if (!settings.showBikes || !bikeLaneCurves.length) return;
  const density = Math.max(0, Math.min(0.4, Number(settings.bikeDensity) || 0));
  const count = density <= 0 ? 0 : Math.min(60, Math.max(1, Math.round(bikeLaneCurves.length * density * 2)));
  for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
    const curve = bikeLaneCurves[i % bikeLaneCurves.length];
    const m = createBicycleModel(i); m.mesh.renderOrder = 42; bikeGroup.add(m.mesh);
    bikes.push({ mesh: m.mesh, wheels: m.wheels, curve, direction: Math.random() < 0.5 ? -1 : 1, t: Math.random(), speed: 0.00012 + Math.random() * 0.00024 });
  }
}

async function buildRoadsAndTraffic(yollar, buildToken = sceneBuildToken) {
  clearGroup(roadGroup);
  clearGroup(carGroup);
  clearGroup(pedestrianGroup);
  roadCurves = [];
  vehicleRoadCurves = [];
  cars = [];
  pedestrians = [];
  if (!yollar?.features?.length) return;

  let roadTex = null;
  if (settings.roadStyle === 'Asphalt') {
    roadTex = createAsphaltTexture();
  } else if (settings.roadStyle === 'Cobblestone') {
    roadTex = await textureFromSet('road', 'Cobblestone', 2, 20);
  } else if (settings.roadStyle === 'SharedStreet') {
    roadTex = await textureFromSet('road', 'SharedStreet', 2, 16);
  }
  if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;

  const roadMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
    color: new THREE.Color(settings.roadColor),
    map: roadTex,
    roughness: 0.97,
    transparent: !settings.showRoads,
    opacity: settings.showRoads ? 1.0 : 0.0,
    polygonOffset: true,
    polygonOffsetFactor: -4,
    polygonOffsetUnits: -4
  });
  const roadMaterialCache = new Map();
  const amenityPoints = settings.roadColorMode === 'Amenity distance' ? estimateAmenityPoints() : [];

  for (const f of explodeLineFeatures(yollar)) {
    const xzPts = [];
    for (const c of f.geometry.coordinates) {
      const [x, z] = metersToLocal(c[0], c[1]);
      xzPts.push(new THREE.Vector3(x, 0, z));
    }
    if (xzPts.length < 2) continue;
    const featureWidth = featureRoadWidth(f);

    // Resample XZ path every ~3 m and bake terrain Y so the curve hugs DEM surface
    const xzCurve = new THREE.CatmullRomCurve3(xzPts, false, 'centripetal');
    const roadLen = xzCurve.getLength();
    const nSamples = Math.max(xzPts.length, Math.ceil(roadLen / 3) + 1);
    const terrainPts = [];
    for (let i = 0; i <= nSamples; i++) {
      const tp = xzCurve.getPointAt(i / nSamples);
      tp.y = terrainLocalYAt(tp.x, tp.z) + LAYER.road;
      terrainPts.push(tp);
    }
    const curve = new THREE.CatmullRomCurve3(terrainPts, false, 'centripetal');
    // Carry this road's half-width (+0.3 m kerb gap) so pedestrians keep to the
    // sidewalk edge of THIS road rather than a flat global offset.
    curve.roadHalfWidth = featureWidth * 0.5 + 0.3;
    roadCurves.push(curve);
    if (roadAllowsCars(f) && curve.getLength() > 12) vehicleRoadCurves.push(curve);
    const segments = Math.max(24, terrainPts.length * 3);
    const centers = curve.getPoints(segments);
    // Per-road ribbon mesh that hugs the terrain (PlanX 3D City road logic).
    const left = [];
    const right = [];
    for (let i = 0; i < centers.length; i++) {
      const p = centers[i];
      const tan = curve.getTangent(i / (centers.length - 1));
      const n = new THREE.Vector3(-tan.z, 0, tan.x).normalize().multiplyScalar(featureWidth * 0.5);
      left.push(new THREE.Vector3(p.x + n.x, p.y, p.z + n.z));
      right.push(new THREE.Vector3(p.x - n.x, p.y, p.z - n.z));
    }
    const positions = [];
    const uvs = [];
    const indices = [];
    for (let i = 0; i < left.length; i++) {
      positions.push(left[i].x, left[i].y, left[i].z);
      positions.push(right[i].x, right[i].y, right[i].z);
      const v = i / Math.max(1, left.length - 1);
      uvs.push(0, v, 1, v);
    }
    for (let i = 0; i < left.length - 1; i++) {
      const a = i * 2; const b = a + 1; const c = a + 2; const d = a + 3;
      indices.push(a, c, b, c, d, b);
    }
    const roadGeo = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
    roadGeo.setAttribute('position', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(positions, 3));
    roadGeo.setAttribute('uv', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(uvs, 2));
    roadGeo.setIndex(indices);
    roadGeo.computeVertexNormals();
    const featureColor = roadVisualColor(f, amenityPoints);
    const materialKey = featureColor.getHexString();
    let featureRoadMat = roadMaterialCache.get(materialKey);
    if (!featureRoadMat) {
      featureRoadMat = roadMat.clone();
      featureRoadMat.color = featureColor;
      featureRoadMat.needsUpdate = true;
      roadMaterialCache.set(materialKey, featureRoadMat);
    }
    if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
    const roadMesh = new THREE.Mesh(roadGeo, featureRoadMat);
    roadMesh.receiveShadow = true;
    roadMesh.renderOrder = 30;
    roadGroup.add(roadMesh);

    // Procedural lane markings (centre dashes + shoulder lines).
    if (settings.showRoadMarkings && settings.showRoads) {
      const roadLenMark = xzCurve.getLength();
      
      const markingMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
        color: 0xffffff,
        roughness: 0.9,
        polygonOffset: true,
        polygonOffsetFactor: -5,
        polygonOffsetUnits: -5
      });
      
      if (!buildRoadsAndTraffic.dashedTex) {
        const markCanvas = document.createElement('canvas');
        markCanvas.width = 16; markCanvas.height = 64;
        const markCtx = markCanvas.getContext('2d');
        markCtx.fillStyle = 'rgba(0,0,0,0)';
        markCtx.fillRect(0, 0, 16, 64);
        markCtx.fillStyle = '#ffffff';
        markCtx.fillRect(6, 0, 4, 32);
        const t = new THREE.CanvasTexture(markCanvas);
        t.wrapS = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
        t.wrapT = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
        t.repeat.set(1, 1);
        buildRoadsAndTraffic.dashedTex = markPersistentTexture(t);
      }

      const dashedMarkingMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
        color: 0xffffff,
        map: buildRoadsAndTraffic.dashedTex,
        transparent: true,
        roughness: 0.9,
        polygonOffset: true,
        polygonOffsetFactor: -5,
        polygonOffsetUnits: -5
      });

      // 1. Center Dashed Line
      if (featureWidth >= 5.0) {
        const centerPos = [];
        const centerUvs = [];
        const centerInd = [];
        const mHalf = 0.06;
        
        for (let i = 0; i < centers.length; i++) {
          const p = centers[i];
          const tangent = curve.getTangent(i / (centers.length - 1));
          const norm = new THREE.Vector3(-tangent.z, 0, tangent.x).normalize().multiplyScalar(mHalf);
          
          centerPos.push(p.x + norm.x, p.y + 0.012, p.z + norm.z);
          centerPos.push(p.x - norm.x, p.y + 0.012, p.z - norm.z);
          
          const distRatio = (i / (centers.length - 1)) * roadLenMark;
          centerUvs.push(0, distRatio / 4.0);
          centerUvs.push(1, distRatio / 4.0);
        }
        for (let i = 0; i < centers.length - 1; i++) {
          const a = i * 2;
          const b = a + 1;
          const c = a + 2;
          const d = a + 3;
          centerInd.push(a, c, b, c, d, b);
        }
        const centerGeo = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
        centerGeo.setAttribute('position', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(centerPos, 3));
        centerGeo.setAttribute('uv', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(centerUvs, 2));
        centerGeo.setIndex(centerInd);
        centerGeo.computeVertexNormals();
        
        const centerMesh = new THREE.Mesh(centerGeo, dashedMarkingMat);
        centerMesh.renderOrder = 31;
        roadGroup.add(centerMesh);
      }

      // 2. Outer Shoulder Lines
      if (featureWidth >= 6.0) {
        const shoulderOffset = (featureWidth / 2) - 0.25;
        const sHalf = 0.04;
        
        const leftShoulderPos = [];
        const rightShoulderPos = [];
        const shInd = [];
        
        for (let i = 0; i < centers.length; i++) {
          const p = centers[i];
          const tangent = curve.getTangent(i / (centers.length - 1));
          const norm = new THREE.Vector3(-tangent.z, 0, tangent.x).normalize();
          
          const lp = new THREE.Vector3().addScaledVector(norm, shoulderOffset).add(p);
          leftShoulderPos.push(lp.x + norm.x * sHalf, lp.y + 0.012, lp.z + norm.z * sHalf);
          leftShoulderPos.push(lp.x - norm.x * sHalf, lp.y + 0.012, lp.z - norm.z * sHalf);
          
          const rp = new THREE.Vector3().addScaledVector(norm, -shoulderOffset).add(p);
          rightShoulderPos.push(rp.x + norm.x * sHalf, rp.y + 0.012, rp.z + norm.z * sHalf);
          rightShoulderPos.push(rp.x - norm.x * sHalf, rp.y + 0.012, rp.z - norm.z * sHalf);
        }
        for (let i = 0; i < centers.length - 1; i++) {
          const a = i * 2;
          const b = a + 1;
          const c = a + 2;
          const d = a + 3;
          shInd.push(a, c, b, c, d, b);
        }
        
        const leftGeo = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
        leftGeo.setAttribute('position', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(leftShoulderPos, 3));
        leftGeo.setIndex(shInd);
        leftGeo.computeVertexNormals();
        const leftMesh = new THREE.Mesh(leftGeo, markingMat);
        leftMesh.renderOrder = 31;
        roadGroup.add(leftMesh);
        
        const rightGeo = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
        rightGeo.setAttribute('position', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(rightShoulderPos, 3));
        rightGeo.setIndex(shInd);
        rightGeo.computeVertexNormals();
        const rightMesh = new THREE.Mesh(rightGeo, markingMat);
        rightMesh.renderOrder = 31;
        roadGroup.add(rightMesh);
      }
    }
  }


  if (settings.showCars && vehicleRoadCurves.length > 0) {
    const carVariants = assetPoolVariants('cars');
    const carColors = carVariants.length
      ? carVariants.map((name, index) => assetColor(name, [0x1f2937, 0x334155, 0x475569, 0x64748b, 0x0f766e][index % 5]))
      : [0x1f2937, 0x334155, 0x475569, 0x64748b, 0x0f766e, 0x7f1d1d, 0xb45309, 0xe5e7eb];
    const isNight = (_solarCache.elevationDeg ?? 30) < -3;
    // Continuous (round, not per-curve floor) so low densities still spawn a
    // proportional, non-zero number of cars instead of collapsing to zero.
    const spawnCount = Math.min(160, Math.round(vehicleRoadCurves.length * 8 * settings.carDensity));
    for (let i = 0; i < spawnCount; i++) {
      const curve = vehicleRoadCurves[Math.floor(Math.random() * vehicleRoadCurves.length)];
      const type = pickVehicleType();
      const color = carColors[Math.floor(Math.random() * carColors.length)];
      const { group: car, speedScale } = createVehicle(type, color, isNight);
      car.renderOrder = 40;
      carGroup.add(car);
      cars.push({ car, curve, t: Math.random(), speed: (0.0002 + Math.random() * 0.0006) * speedScale });
    }
  }

  roadMat.dispose();
}

// Procedural vehicle factory. Front faces -Z (headlights -Z, brake lights +Z),
// matching the car animation's lookAt orientation. Returns { group, speedScale }.
// Mostly city cars/vans; buses ~2%, trucks/lorries ~1%.
const VEHICLE_TYPES = [
  { type: 'car', weight: 0.82 },
  { type: 'van', weight: 0.15 },
  { type: 'bus', weight: 0.02 },
  { type: 'truck', weight: 0.01 },
];

function pickVehicleType() {
  const r = Math.random();
  let acc = 0;
  for (const v of VEHICLE_TYPES) {
    acc += v.weight;
    if (r <= acc) return v.type;
  }
  return 'car';
}

function createVehicle(type, bodyColor, isNight) {
  const templateKey = `${type}|${new THREE.Color(bodyColor).getHexString()}|${isNight ? 1 : 0}`;
  const cached = vehicleTemplateCache.get(templateKey);
  if (cached) {
    return { group: cached.group.clone(true), speedScale: cached.speedScale };
  }
  const g = new THREE.Group();
  const cMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: bodyColor, roughness: 0.38, metalness: 0.32 });
  const glassMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x1a2433, roughness: 0.12, metalness: 0.2 });
  const hMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0xffffee, emissive: isNight ? 0xffffff : 0x000000, emissiveIntensity: isNight ? 5.0 : 0 });
  const bMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x550000, emissive: isNight ? 0xff0000 : 0x000000, emissiveIntensity: isNight ? 5.0 : 0 });
  const tireMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x111317, roughness: 0.92 });

  let length = 4.2;
  let width = 1.8;
  let wheelR = 0.34;

  const addWheels = (positions, radius) => {
    const geo = new THREE.CylinderGeometry(radius, radius, 0.28, 12);
    for (const [wx, wy, wz] of positions) {
      const w = new THREE.Mesh(geo, tireMat);
      w.rotation.z = Math.PI / 2; // axle along X
      w.position.set(wx, wy, wz);
      w.castShadow = true;
      g.add(w);
    }
  };
  const addLights = (frontY, frontHalfW, frontZ, backY, backHalfW, backZ) => {
    const hl = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.3, 0.2, 0.1), hMat);
    hl.position.set(frontHalfW, frontY, frontZ);
    const hlL = hl.clone(); hlL.position.set(-frontHalfW, frontY, frontZ);
    const bl = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.4, 0.16, 0.1), bMat);
    bl.position.set(backHalfW, backY, backZ);
    const blL = bl.clone(); blL.position.set(-backHalfW, backY, backZ);
    g.add(hl, hlL, bl, blL);
    if (isNight) {
      const beamGeo = new THREE.ConeGeometry(1.4, 6, 8, 1, true);
      const beamMat = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0xffffee, transparent: true, opacity: 0.13, blending: THREE.AdditiveBlending, depthWrite: false });
      const beamR = new THREE.Mesh(beamGeo, beamMat);
      beamR.position.set(frontHalfW, frontY - 0.25, frontZ - 2.9);
      beamR.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2;
      const beamL = beamR.clone(); beamL.position.set(-frontHalfW, frontY - 0.25, frontZ - 2.9);
      g.add(beamR, beamL);
    }
  };

  if (type === 'bus') {
    length = 11.0; width = 2.5; wheelR = 0.5;
    const body = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(width, 2.4, length), cMat);
    body.position.y = 1.55;
    const strip = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(width + 0.02, 0.7, length - 1.2), glassMat);
    strip.position.set(0, 2.05, 0.2);
    const wind = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(width - 0.1, 1.0, 0.1), glassMat);
    wind.position.set(0, 2.0, -length / 2 + 0.05);
    g.add(body, strip, wind);
    addWheels([
      [width / 2 - 0.1, wheelR, -length / 2 + 1.6], [-width / 2 + 0.1, wheelR, -length / 2 + 1.6],
      [width / 2 - 0.1, wheelR, length / 2 - 1.8], [-width / 2 + 0.1, wheelR, length / 2 - 1.8],
    ], wheelR);
    addLights(1.0, width / 2 - 0.3, -length / 2 + 0.05, 1.0, width / 2 - 0.3, length / 2 - 0.05);
  } else if (type === 'truck') {
    length = 8.4; width = 2.3; wheelR = 0.46;
    const cab = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(width, 1.7, 2.2), cMat);
    cab.position.set(0, 1.05, -length / 2 + 1.1);
    const cabWin = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(width - 0.15, 0.7, 0.1), glassMat);
    cabWin.position.set(0, 1.45, -length / 2 + 0.05);
    const cargoMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0xd7ccc4, roughness: 0.7, metalness: 0.1 });
    const cargo = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(width, 2.0, 5.0), cargoMat);
    cargo.position.set(0, 1.5, length / 2 - 2.6);
    g.add(cab, cabWin, cargo);
    addWheels([
      [width / 2 - 0.1, wheelR, -length / 2 + 1.1], [-width / 2 + 0.1, wheelR, -length / 2 + 1.1],
      [width / 2 - 0.1, wheelR, length / 2 - 3.4], [-width / 2 + 0.1, wheelR, length / 2 - 3.4],
      [width / 2 - 0.1, wheelR, length / 2 - 1.4], [-width / 2 + 0.1, wheelR, length / 2 - 1.4],
    ], wheelR);
    addLights(0.9, width / 2 - 0.3, -length / 2 + 0.05, 1.4, width / 2 - 0.3, length / 2 - 0.05);
  } else if (type === 'van') {
    length = 5.0; width = 1.95; wheelR = 0.38;
    const body = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(width, 1.5, length), cMat);
    body.position.y = 1.05;
    const wind = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(width - 0.15, 0.6, 0.1), glassMat);
    wind.position.set(0, 1.35, -length / 2 + 0.05);
    const sideWin = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(width + 0.02, 0.5, 1.4), glassMat);
    sideWin.position.set(0, 1.4, -length / 2 + 1.4);
    g.add(body, wind, sideWin);
    addWheels([
      [width / 2 - 0.05, wheelR, -length / 2 + 1.0], [-width / 2 + 0.05, wheelR, -length / 2 + 1.0],
      [width / 2 - 0.05, wheelR, length / 2 - 1.0], [-width / 2 + 0.05, wheelR, length / 2 - 1.0],
    ], wheelR);
    addLights(0.8, width / 2 - 0.25, -length / 2 + 0.05, 0.95, width / 2 - 0.25, length / 2 - 0.05);
  } else { // car / sedan
    length = 4.2; width = 1.8; wheelR = 0.34;
    const body = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(width, 0.55, length), cMat);
    body.position.y = 0.5;
    const cabin = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(width - 0.2, 0.5, 2.1), cMat);
    cabin.position.set(0, 0.97, 0.15);
    const winF = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.PlaneGeometry(width - 0.4, 0.42), glassMat);
    winF.position.set(0, 0.97, -0.9); winF.rotation.x = -Math.PI + 0.3;
    const winB = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.PlaneGeometry(width - 0.4, 0.42), glassMat);
    winB.position.set(0, 0.97, 1.2); winB.rotation.x = -0.3;
    g.add(body, cabin, winF, winB);
    addWheels([
      [width / 2 - 0.05, wheelR, -length / 2 + 0.9], [-width / 2 + 0.05, wheelR, -length / 2 + 0.9],
      [width / 2 - 0.05, wheelR, length / 2 - 0.9], [-width / 2 + 0.05, wheelR, length / 2 - 0.9],
    ], wheelR);
    addLights(0.5, width / 2 - 0.3, -length / 2 + 0.05, 0.5, width / 2 - 0.3, length / 2 - 0.05);
  }

  g.traverse((o) => { if (o.isMesh) { o.castShadow = true; } });
  // Heavier/longer vehicles move a touch slower.
  const speedScale = type === 'bus' ? 0.55 : type === 'truck' ? 0.6 : type === 'van' ? 0.85 : 1.0;
  markObjectResourcesPersistent(g);
  vehicleTemplateCache.set(templateKey, { group: g, speedScale });
  return createVehicle(type, bodyColor, isNight);
}

function buildPedestrianLayer() {
  clearGroup(pedestrianGroup);
  pedestrians = [];
  if (!settings.showPedestrians) return;
  const candidateRoutes = roadCurves.map((curve) => ({ curve, surface: 'sidewalk' }))
    .concat(settings.showPedestrianPaths ? pedestrianPathCurves.map((curve) => ({ curve, surface: 'path' })) : []);
  if (!candidateRoutes.length) return;
  const pedCount = Math.min(
    180,
    Math.round(candidateRoutes.length * 2.5 * Math.max(0, settings.pedestrianDensity))
  );
  for (let i = 0; i < pedCount; i++) {
    const route = candidateRoutes[Math.floor(Math.random() * candidateRoutes.length)];
    const { mesh: pedGeo, limbRefs } = createPedestrianModel(i);
    pedestrianGroup.add(pedGeo);
    pedGeo.renderOrder = 41;
    pedestrians.push({
      mesh: pedGeo,
      limbRefs,
      curve: route.curve,
      surface: route.surface,
      t: Math.random(),
      speed: 0.0001 + Math.random() * 0.0001,
      phase: Math.random() * Math.PI * 2,
      walkAmplitude: 0.45 + Math.random() * 0.15,
      offsetDir: (Math.random() > 0.5 ? 1 : -1),
      lateralOffset: route.surface === 'path' ? (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.45 : null,
      roadHalfWidth: route.curve?.roadHalfWidth || null
    });
  }
}

function buildSidewalkPolygonLayer(sidewalks, buildToken = sceneBuildToken) {
  const mat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
    color: 0xd8d2c2,
    roughness: 0.96,
    metalness: 0.0,
    side: THREE.DoubleSide,
    polygonOffset: true,
    polygonOffsetFactor: -2,
    polygonOffsetUnits: -2
  });
  for (const f of sidewalks.features || []) {
    for (const poly of getPolygonRings(f.geometry)) {
      const outer = poly[0];
      if (!outer || outer.length < 3) continue;
      const shape = shapeFromLocalPolygon(poly);
      if (!shape) continue;
      const g = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(shape, { depth: 0.18, bevelEnabled: false });
      g.rotateX(Math.PI / 2);
      if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
      const pos = g.attributes.position;
      for (let vi = 0; vi < pos.count; vi++) {
        const vx = pos.getX(vi);
        const vz = pos.getZ(vi);
        const origY = pos.getY(vi);
        const t = (origY - (-0.18)) / 0.18;
        const clampedT = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, t));
        const offset = -0.08 + clampedT * (0.05 - (-0.08));
        const baseDem = terrainLocalYAt(vx, vz);
        pos.setY(vi, baseDem + LAYER.sidewalk + offset);
      }
      pos.needsUpdate = true;
      g.computeVertexNormals();
      if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
      const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(g, mat);
      mesh.receiveShadow = true;
      mesh.renderOrder = 33;
      sidewalkGroup.add(mesh);
    }
  }
}

function buildSidewalkLayer(yollar, sidewalks = EMPTY_GEOJSON, buildToken = sceneBuildToken) {
  clearGroup(sidewalkGroup);
  if (!settings.showSidewalks) return;
  if (sidewalks?.features?.length) {
    buildSidewalkPolygonLayer(sidewalks, buildToken);
    return;
  }
  if (!yollar?.features?.length) return;

  const curbRise = 0.12;
  // DoubleSide so a sidewalk is never culled when a road's winding flips the
  // strip normal (the cause of sidewalks appearing on only one side).
  const swMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0xcdc4a8, roughness: 0.95, metalness: 0.0, side: THREE.DoubleSide });

  for (const f of explodeLineFeatures(yollar)) {
    const xzPtsW = [];
    for (const c of f.geometry.coordinates) {
      const [x, z] = metersToLocal(c[0], c[1]);
      xzPtsW.push(new THREE.Vector3(x, 0, z));
    }
    if (xzPtsW.length < 2) continue;
    const featureWidth = featureRoadWidth(f);
    const swWidth = featureSidewalkWidth(f); // scaled by road class (0.5–2.5 m)
    const xzCurveW = new THREE.CatmullRomCurve3(xzPtsW, false, 'centripetal');
    const wLen = xzCurveW.getLength();
    const nW = Math.max(xzPtsW.length, Math.ceil(wLen / 6) + 1);
    const wPts = [];
    for (let i = 0; i <= nW; i++) {
      const tp = xzCurveW.getPointAt(i / nW);
      tp.y = terrainLocalYAt(tp.x, tp.z) + LAYER.sidewalk;
      wPts.push(tp);
    }
    const curve = new THREE.CatmullRomCurve3(wPts, false, 'centripetal');
    const segments = Math.max(24, wPts.length * 3);
    const centers = curve.getPoints(segments);

    for (const side of [-1, 1]) {
      const innerOff = featureWidth * 0.5 * side;
      const outerOff = (featureWidth * 0.5 + swWidth) * side;
      const positions = [];
      const uvs = [];
      const indices = [];

      // Per cross-section: innerTop, outerTop, innerFoot (curb-face bottom).
      for (let i = 0; i < centers.length; i++) {
        const p = centers[i];
        const tang = curve.getTangent(i / (centers.length - 1));
        const n = new THREE.Vector3(-tang.z, 0, tang.x).normalize();
        const topY = p.y + curbRise;
        const ix = p.x + n.x * innerOff, iz = p.z + n.z * innerOff;
        const ox = p.x + n.x * outerOff, oz = p.z + n.z * outerOff;
        positions.push(ix, topY, iz, ox, topY, oz, ix, p.y - curbRise, iz);
        const v = i / Math.max(1, centers.length - 1);
        uvs.push(0, v, 1, v, 0, v);
      }

      for (let i = 0; i < centers.length - 1; i++) {
        const a = i * 3, b = a + 3;
        indices.push(a, a + 1, b, a + 1, b + 1, b);   // raised walking surface
        indices.push(a + 2, a, b + 2, a, b, b + 2);    // curb face on the road side
      }

      const geo = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
      geo.setAttribute('position', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(positions, 3));
      geo.setAttribute('uv', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(uvs, 2));
      geo.setIndex(indices);
      geo.computeVertexNormals();
      const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geo, swMat);
      mesh.receiveShadow = true;
      mesh.renderOrder = 32;
      sidewalkGroup.add(mesh);
    }
  }
}

function pedestrianPathWidth(feature) {
  const width = parseNumberProp(
    feature?.properties || {},
    ['width', 'genislik', 'genişlik', 'path_width', 'walkway_width', 'yaya_yolu_genisligi'],
    2.2
  );
  return Math.max(0.8, Math.min(6.0, width || 2.2));
}

function lineSetsFromGeometry(geometry) {
  if (!geometry) return [];
  if (geometry.type === 'LineString') return [geometry.coordinates];
  if (geometry.type === 'MultiLineString') return geometry.coordinates || [];
  return [];
}

// Flatten a line GeoJSON into single-part LineString features, preserving each
// source feature's properties. Lets the road/sidewalk builders treat dissolved
// MultiLineString roads as a set of clean single lines instead of skipping them
// (the dissolve step on export can leave MultiLineString geometries).
function explodeLineFeatures(geojson) {
  const out = [];
  for (const f of geojson?.features || []) {
    for (const coords of lineSetsFromGeometry(f.geometry)) {
      if (coords && coords.length >= 2) {
        out.push({ properties: f.properties || {}, geometry: { type: 'LineString', coordinates: coords } });
      }
    }
  }
  return out;
}

function buildPedestrianPathStrip(coords, width, mat, buildToken) {
  const xzPts = [];
  for (const c of coords || []) {
    if (!c || c.length < 2) continue;
    const [x, z] = metersToLocal(c[0], c[1]);
    xzPts.push(new THREE.Vector3(x, 0, z));
  }
  if (xzPts.length < 2) return;
  const xzCurve = new THREE.CatmullRomCurve3(xzPts, false, 'centripetal');
  const pathLen = xzCurve.getLength();
  const nSamples = Math.max(xzPts.length, Math.ceil(pathLen / 3) + 1);
  const terrainPts = [];
  for (let i = 0; i <= nSamples; i++) {
    const tp = xzCurve.getPointAt(i / nSamples);
    tp.y = terrainLocalYAt(tp.x, tp.z) + LAYER.path + 0.04;
    terrainPts.push(tp);
  }
  const curve = new THREE.CatmullRomCurve3(terrainPts, false, 'centripetal');
  pedestrianPathCurves.push(curve);
  const centers = curve.getPoints(Math.max(16, terrainPts.length * 3));
  const positions = [];
  const uvs = [];
  const indices = [];
  for (let i = 0; i < centers.length; i++) {
    const p = centers[i];
    const tng = curve.getTangent(i / Math.max(1, centers.length - 1));
    const n = new THREE.Vector3(-tng.z, 0, tng.x).normalize().multiplyScalar(width * 0.5);
    positions.push(p.x + n.x, p.y, p.z + n.z, p.x - n.x, p.y, p.z - n.z);
    const v = i / Math.max(1, centers.length - 1);
    uvs.push(0, v, 1, v);
  }
  for (let i = 0; i < centers.length - 1; i++) {
    const a = i * 2, b = a + 1, c = a + 2, d = a + 3;
    indices.push(a, c, b, c, d, b);
  }
  const geo = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
  geo.setAttribute('position', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(positions, 3));
  geo.setAttribute('uv', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(uvs, 2));
  geo.setIndex(indices);
  geo.computeVertexNormals();
  if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
  const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geo, mat);
  mesh.receiveShadow = true;
  mesh.renderOrder = 31;
  pedestrianPathGroup.add(mesh);
}

function buildPedestrianPathLayer(paths = EMPTY_GEOJSON, buildToken = sceneBuildToken) {
  clearGroup(pedestrianPathGroup);
  pedestrianPathCurves = [];
  if (!settings.showPedestrianPaths || !paths?.features?.length) return;
  const pathMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
    color: 0xb7ad93,
    roughness: 0.98,
    metalness: 0.0,
    side: THREE.DoubleSide,
    polygonOffset: true,
    polygonOffsetFactor: -3,
    polygonOffsetUnits: -3
  });

  for (const f of paths.features) {
    if (!f.geometry) continue;
    if (f.geometry.type === 'Polygon' || f.geometry.type === 'MultiPolygon') {
      for (const poly of getPolygonRings(f.geometry)) {
        const shape = shapeFromLocalPolygon(poly);
        if (!shape) continue;
        const geo = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(shape, { depth: 0.08, bevelEnabled: false });
        geo.rotateX(Math.PI / 2);
        const pos = geo.attributes.position;
        for (let vi = 0; vi < pos.count; vi++) {
          const vx = pos.getX(vi);
          const vz = pos.getZ(vi);
          const origY = pos.getY(vi);
          const t = (origY - (-0.08)) / 0.08;
          const clampedT = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, t));
          const offset = -0.02 + clampedT * (0.06 - (-0.02));
          pos.setY(vi, terrainLocalYAt(vx, vz) + LAYER.path + offset);
        }
        pos.needsUpdate = true;
        geo.computeVertexNormals();
        if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
        const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geo, pathMat);
        mesh.receiveShadow = true;
        mesh.renderOrder = 31;
        pedestrianPathGroup.add(mesh);
      }
      continue;
    }

    const width = pedestrianPathWidth(f);
    for (const line of lineSetsFromGeometry(f.geometry)) {
      buildPedestrianPathStrip(line, width, pathMat, buildToken);
    }
  }
}

function buildCrosswalkLayer(yollar) {
  clearGroup(crosswalkGroup);
  if (!settings.showCrosswalks) return;
  if (!yollar?.features?.length) return;

  const cwMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0xf0ede5, roughness: 0.85 });
  const stripeW = 0.38;
  const stripeGap = 0.30;
  const stripeCount = 5;
  const totalLen = stripeCount * stripeW + (stripeCount - 1) * stripeGap;

  for (const f of yollar.features) {
    if (!f.geometry || f.geometry.type !== 'LineString') continue;
    const coords = f.geometry.coordinates;
    if (coords.length < 2) continue;
    const cwLen = featureRoadWidth(f) + 2.6;

    const [px, pz] = metersToLocal(coords[0][0], coords[0][1]);
    const [nx, nz] = metersToLocal(coords[1][0], coords[1][1]);
    const y = terrainLocalYAt(px, pz) + LAYER.road + 0.018;

    const dx = nx - px;
    const dz = nz - pz;
    const len = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dz * dz);
    if (len < 0.001) continue;

    const rdx = dx / len;
    const rdz = dz / len;
    const roadAngle = Math.atan2(rdx, rdz);

    for (let s = 0; s < stripeCount; s++) {
      const offset = -totalLen / 2 + s * (stripeW + stripeGap) + stripeW / 2;
      const stripeGeo = new THREE.BoxGeometry(cwLen, 0.02, stripeW);
      const stripe = new THREE.Mesh(stripeGeo, cwMat);
      stripe.position.set(px + rdx * offset, y, pz + rdz * offset);
      stripe.rotation.y = roadAngle;
      stripe.renderOrder = 35;
      crosswalkGroup.add(stripe);
    }
  }
}

function hideLoadingOverlay(delay = 450) {
  window.__sceneReady = true;
  const loading = document.getElementById('loading');
  if (!loading) return;
  loading.style.opacity = 0;
  setTimeout(() => { loading.style.display = 'none'; }, delay);
}

async function runLayerBuild(label, buildFn, clearFn = null) {
  try {
    await buildFn();
    return true;
  } catch (err) {
    console.warn(`${label} layer skipped`, err);
    if (clearFn) clearFn();
    setStatus(`${label} layer skipped: ${err?.message || err}`, true);
    return false;
  }
}

// --- Basemap underlay (Basemap & Texture dock) -----------------------------
// A QGIS basemap rendered to an image (manifest.basemap.{image,bbox}) is draped
// over the study-area base, clipped to the ROI, with opacity / blend / colour /
// shadow controls. Blends with the base colour beneath it for overlay effects.
async function loadBasemapImage() {
  const bm = projectManifest?.basemap;
  if (!bm?.image) return null;
  return new Promise((resolve) => {
    texLoader.load('../' + bm.image, (t) => {
      t.colorSpace = THREE.SRGBColorSpace;
      t.wrapS = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
      t.wrapT = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
      t.anisotropy = 4;
      resolve(t);
    }, undefined, () => resolve(null));
  });
}

function createBasemapRoiMask(bb) {
  const roi = layerDataCache?.roi;
  if (!roi?.features?.length) return null;
  const size = 1024;
  const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
  canvas.width = canvas.height = size;
  const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
  ctx.fillStyle = '#000000';
  ctx.fillRect(0, 0, size, size);
  const bw = (bb.maxx - bb.minx) || 1;
  const bh = (bb.maxy - bb.miny) || 1;
  ctx.fillStyle = '#ffffff';
  for (const f of roi.features) {
    for (const poly of getPolygonRings(f.geometry)) {
      ctx.beginPath();
      poly.forEach((ring) => {
        if (!ring || ring.length < 3) return;
        ring.forEach((c, i) => {
          const px = (c[0] - bb.minx) / bw * size;
          const py = (c[1] - bb.miny) / bh * size;
          if (i === 0) ctx.moveTo(px, py); else ctx.lineTo(px, py);
        });
        ctx.closePath();
      });
      ctx.fill('evenodd');
    }
  }
  const tex = new THREE.CanvasTexture(canvas);
  tex.wrapS = tex.wrapT = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
  tex.needsUpdate = true;
  return tex;
}

function configureBasemapBlend(mat, name) {
  if (name === 'Multiply') {
    mat.blending = THREE.MultiplyBlending;
  } else if (name === 'Add') {
    mat.blending = THREE.AdditiveBlending;
  } else if (name === 'Screen') {
    mat.blending = THREE.CustomBlending;
    mat.blendEquation = THREE.AddEquation;
    mat.blendSrc = THREE.OneFactor;
    mat.blendDst = THREE.OneMinusSrcColorFactor; // src + dst*(1-src) = screen
  } else if (name === 'Difference') {
    mat.blending = THREE.CustomBlending;
    mat.blendEquation = THREE.ReverseSubtractEquation;
    mat.blendSrc = THREE.OneFactor;
    mat.blendDst = THREE.OneFactor; // dst - src (clamped)
  } else {
    mat.blending = THREE.NormalBlending;
  }
}

function applyBasemapColorAdjust(mat) {
  mat.userData.uniforms = {
    uBrightness: { value: Number(settings.basemapBrightness) || 1 },
    uContrast: { value: Number(settings.basemapContrast) || 1 },
    uSaturation: { value: Number(settings.basemapSaturation) || 1 }
  };
  mat.onBeforeCompile = (shader) => {
    Object.assign(shader.uniforms, mat.userData.uniforms);
    shader.fragmentShader = 'uniform float uBrightness;\nuniform float uContrast;\nuniform float uSaturation;\n' + shader.fragmentShader;
    shader.fragmentShader = shader.fragmentShader.replace(
      '#include <map_fragment>',
      `#include <map_fragment>
      diffuseColor.rgb = (diffuseColor.rgb - 0.5) * uContrast + 0.5;
      diffuseColor.rgb *= uBrightness;
      float _bmL = dot(diffuseColor.rgb, vec3(0.299, 0.587, 0.114));
      diffuseColor.rgb = mix(vec3(_bmL), diffuseColor.rgb, uSaturation);
      diffuseColor.rgb = clamp(diffuseColor.rgb, 0.0, 1.0);`
    );
  };
}

function buildBasemapOverlay() {
  clearGroup(basemapGroup);
  if (!settings.showBasemap || !basemapTexture) return;
  const bb = projectManifest?.basemap?.bbox;
  if (!bb) return;
  const width = bounds.maxX - bounds.minX;
  const depth = bounds.maxY - bounds.minY;
  if (!(width > 0) || !(depth > 0)) return;
  const segs = Math.max(48, Math.min(160, currentTerrainSegments()));
  const geo = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(width, depth, segs, segs);
  geo.rotateX(-Math.PI / 2);
  const pos = geo.attributes.position;
  const uv = geo.attributes.uv;
  const bw = (bb.maxx - bb.minx) || 1;
  const bh = (bb.maxy - bb.miny) || 1;
  const lift = LAYER.island + 0.06 + (Number(settings.basemapElevation) || 0);
  for (let i = 0; i < pos.count; i++) {
    const lx = pos.getX(i);
    const lz = pos.getZ(i);
    pos.setY(i, terrainLocalYAt(lx, lz) + lift);
    const [wx, wy] = localToMeters(lx, lz);
    uv.setXY(i, (wx - bb.minx) / bw, (wy - bb.miny) / bh);
  }
  pos.needsUpdate = true;
  uv.needsUpdate = true;
  geo.computeVertexNormals();
  const roiMask = createBasemapRoiMask(bb);
  const opacity = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, Number(settings.basemapOpacity)));
  const mat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
    map: basemapTexture,
    color: new THREE.Color(settings.basemapTint || '#ffffff'),
    alphaMap: roiMask || null,
    alphaTest: roiMask ? 0.02 : 0,
    transparent: true,
    opacity,
    roughness: 0.92,
    metalness: 0.0,
    depthWrite: false,
    polygonOffset: true,
    polygonOffsetFactor: -2,
    polygonOffsetUnits: -2
  });
  applyBasemapColorAdjust(mat);
  configureBasemapBlend(mat, settings.basemapBlend);
  const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geo, mat);
  mesh.receiveShadow = !!settings.basemapReceiveShadow;
  mesh.renderOrder = -28;
  basemapGroup.add(mesh);
}

function updateBasemapAppearance() {
  const mesh = basemapGroup.children[0];
  if (!mesh) { buildBasemapOverlay(); return; }
  const mat = mesh.material;
  mat.opacity = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, Number(settings.basemapOpacity)));
  mat.color.set(settings.basemapTint || '#ffffff');
  mesh.receiveShadow = !!settings.basemapReceiveShadow;
  if (mat.userData.uniforms) {
    mat.userData.uniforms.uBrightness.value = Number(settings.basemapBrightness) || 1;
    mat.userData.uniforms.uContrast.value = Number(settings.basemapContrast) || 1;
    mat.userData.uniforms.uSaturation.value = Number(settings.basemapSaturation) || 1;
  }
  configureBasemapBlend(mat, settings.basemapBlend);
  mat.needsUpdate = true;
}

async function rebuildScene() {
  const buildToken = ++sceneBuildToken;
  await ensureUploadedModelsLoaded();
  const loadingText = document.getElementById('loading-text');
  loadingText.innerText = t('loadingData');
  setSceneState('sceneLoading');

  if (!layerDataCache) {
    loadingText.innerText = t('sceneGeojson') + '...';
    projectManifest = await loadManifest();
    applyManifestDefaults();
    const adalar = await loadGeoJson('../data/yerlesim/myblocks.geojson', { required: manifestRequiresInput('blocks'), label: 'Blocks' });
    const yapilar = await loadGeoJson('../data/yerlesim/mybuildings.geojson', { required: manifestRequiresInput('buildings'), label: 'Buildings' });
    const yollar = await loadGeoJson('../data/yerlesim/myroads.geojson', { required: manifestRequiresInput('roads'), label: 'Roads' });
    const agaclar = await loadGeoJson('../data/yerlesim/mytrees.geojson', { label: 'Trees' });
    const lights = await loadGeoJson('../data/yerlesim/mylights.geojson', { label: 'Lights' });
    const benches = await loadGeoJson('../data/yerlesim/mybenches.geojson', { label: 'Benches' });
    const bins = await loadGeoJson('../data/yerlesim/mytrashbins.geojson', { label: 'Trash bins' });
    const busstops = await loadGeoJson('../data/yerlesim/mybusstops.geojson', { label: 'Bus stops' });
    const bikeLanes = await loadGeoJson('../data/yerlesim/mybikelanes.geojson', { label: 'Bike lanes' });
    const waterlines = await loadGeoJson('../data/yerlesim/mywaterlines.geojson', { label: 'Water lines' });

    const roi = await loadGeoJson('../data/yerlesim/roi.geojson', { required: manifestRequiresInput('roi'), label: 'ROI' });
    layerDataCache = {
       adalar: asFeatureCollection(adalar, 'Blocks'),
       yapilar: asFeatureCollection(yapilar, 'Buildings'),
       yollar: asFeatureCollection(yollar, 'Roads'),
       agaclar: asFeatureCollection(agaclar, 'Trees'),
       parseller: null,
       hardscape: null,
       sidewalks: EMPTY_GEOJSON,
       pedestrianPaths: null,
       fences: EMPTY_GEOJSON,
       waterlines: asFeatureCollection(waterlines, 'Water lines'),
       bikeLanes: asFeatureCollection(bikeLanes, 'Bike lanes'),
       furniture: {
         lights: asFeatureCollection(lights, 'Lights'),
         benches: asFeatureCollection(benches, 'Benches'),
         bins: asFeatureCollection(bins, 'Trash bins'),
         busstops: asFeatureCollection(busstops, 'Bus stops')
       },
       roi: asFeatureCollection(roi, 'ROI')
    };
  }
  if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
  if (settings.showParcels && !layerDataCache.parseller) {
    const parseller = await loadGeoJson('../data/yerlesim/myparcels.geojson', { required: manifestRequiresInput('parcels'), label: 'Parcels' });
    layerDataCache.parseller = asFeatureCollection(parseller, 'Parcels');
  }
  if (settings.showHardscape && !layerDataCache.hardscape) {
    const hardscape = await loadGeoJson('../data/yerlesim/myhardscape.geojson', { label: 'Hardscape' });
    layerDataCache.hardscape = asFeatureCollection(hardscape, 'Hardscape');
  }
  if (settings.showWindPlumes && !layerDataCache.hardscape) {
    const hardscape = await loadGeoJson('../data/yerlesim/myhardscape.geojson', { label: 'Hardscape' });
    layerDataCache.hardscape = asFeatureCollection(hardscape, 'Hardscape');
  }
  if (settings.showPedestrianPaths && !layerDataCache.pedestrianPaths) {
    const pedestrianPaths = await loadGeoJson('../data/yerlesim/mypedestrian_paths.geojson', { label: 'Pedestrian paths' });
    layerDataCache.pedestrianPaths = asFeatureCollection(pedestrianPaths, 'Pedestrian paths');
  }
  if (settings.showWaterlines && !layerDataCache.waterlines) {
    const waterlines = await loadGeoJson('../data/yerlesim/mywaterlines.geojson', { label: 'Water lines' });
    layerDataCache.waterlines = asFeatureCollection(waterlines, 'Water lines');
  }
  
  const adalar = asFeatureCollection(layerDataCache.adalar, 'Blocks');
  const yapilar = asFeatureCollection(layerDataCache.yapilar, 'Buildings');
  const yollar = asFeatureCollection(layerDataCache.yollar, 'Roads');
  const agaclar = asFeatureCollection(layerDataCache.agaclar, 'Trees');
  const parseller = layerDataCache.parseller ? asFeatureCollection(layerDataCache.parseller, 'Parcels') : null;
  const hardscape = layerDataCache.hardscape ? asFeatureCollection(layerDataCache.hardscape, 'Hardscape') : null;
  const sidewalks = layerDataCache.sidewalks ? asFeatureCollection(layerDataCache.sidewalks, 'Sidewalks') : null;
  const pedestrianPaths = layerDataCache.pedestrianPaths ? asFeatureCollection(layerDataCache.pedestrianPaths, 'Pedestrian paths') : null;
  const fences = layerDataCache.fences ? asFeatureCollection(layerDataCache.fences, 'Fences') : null;
  const waterlines = layerDataCache.waterlines ? asFeatureCollection(layerDataCache.waterlines, 'Water lines') : null;
  const bikeLanes = layerDataCache.bikeLanes ? asFeatureCollection(layerDataCache.bikeLanes, 'Bike lanes') : null;
  Object.assign(layerDataCache, { adalar, yapilar, yollar, agaclar, parseller, hardscape, sidewalks, pedestrianPaths, fences, waterlines, bikeLanes });
  updateDashboard(layerDataCache);

  // Calculate and update stats
  const statDiv = document.getElementById('stats-content');
  if (statDiv) {
    const blockCount = adalar.features.length;
    const parcelCount = parseller ? parseller.features.length : '-';
    const bldCount = yapilar.features.length;
    let totalFloors = 0;
    const funcMap = {};
    yapilar.features.forEach(f => {
       const fn = buildingFunctionValue(f.properties || {});
       funcMap[fn] = (funcMap[fn] || 0) + 1;
       totalFloors += buildingLevels(f.properties);
    });
    const avgFlr = (bldCount > 0 ? (totalFloors / bldCount).toFixed(1) : 0);
    
    let html = `<div class="stat-row"><span>${t('statBld')}</span><span class="stat-val">${bldCount}</span></div>`;
    html += `<div class="stat-row"><span>${t('statBlock')}</span><span class="stat-val">${blockCount}</span></div>`;
    html += `<div class="stat-row"><span>${t('statFlr')}</span><span class="stat-val">${avgFlr}</span></div>`;
    if (parseller) html += `<div class="stat-row"><span>${t('statParcel')}</span><span class="stat-val">${parcelCount}</span></div>`;
    const topFuncs = Object.entries(funcMap).sort((a, b) => b[1] - a[1]).slice(0, 4);
    topFuncs.forEach(([k, v]) => {
      const icon = getFunctionIcon(k);
      html += `<div class="stat-row stat-func"><span>${icon} ${escapeHtml(k.slice(0, 20))}</span><span class="stat-val">${v}</span></div>`;
    });
    statDiv.innerHTML = html;
  }

  const vectorBounds = deriveVectorBounds(layerDataCache);
  bounds = vectorBounds || (demReady ? demSamplerBounds() : null);
  if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;

  if (!demReady && !demLoadingStarted) {
    if (projectManifest?.summary?.hasDem === false) {
      activateFlatTerrainFallback(
        vectorBounds || bounds, 0,
        'Flat terrain ready (no DEM was selected in QGIS).'
      );
    } else {
      demLoadingStarted = true;
      loadingText.innerText = t('sceneDem') + '...';
      setSceneState('sceneDem');
      loadProjectDem()
        .then(() => rebuildSceneSafe())
        .catch((err) => {
          if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
          const demMissing = String(err?.message || err).includes('DEM not found');
          if (demMissing) console.info('DEM not found; using flat terrain fallback.');
          else console.warn('DEM could not be loaded; using flat terrain fallback:', err);
          activateFlatTerrainFallback(vectorBounds || bounds);
          rebuildSceneSafe();
        });
      return;
    }
  }
  if (!demReady) return;
  if (!bounds) {
    setStatus('No vector bounds or DEM extent found; using fallback terrain bounds.');
    bounds = { minX: -500, maxX: 500, minY: -500, maxY: 500 };
  }
  if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
  centerX = (bounds.minX + bounds.maxX) / 2;
  centerY = (bounds.minY + bounds.maxY) / 2;
  if (terrainMesh) {
    world.remove(terrainMesh);
    disposeObjectResources(terrainMesh);
    terrainMesh = null;
  }
  if (terrainOverlayMesh) {
    world.remove(terrainOverlayMesh);
    disposeObjectResources(terrainOverlayMesh);
    terrainOverlayMesh = null;
  }
  terrainSurfaceCache = null;
  clearGroup(terrainSideGroup);
  if (isRasterTextureMode() && settings.showTerrainTexture && !terrainTexture) {
    try {
      loadingText.innerText = t('scenePlanTexture') + '...';
      setSceneState('scenePlanTexture');
      terrainTexture = markPersistentTexture(await loadTerrainTextureFromGeoTiff());
    } catch (err) {
      console.warn('Plan texture yuklenemedi, pavement ile devam ediliyor.', err);
      setStatus(t('planTextureFail'));
    }
  }
  if (settings.showXyzTiles && projectManifest?.baseMapTexture && !baseMapTexture) {
    try {
      loadingText.innerText = t('sceneBasemap') + '...';
      setSceneState('sceneBasemap');
      baseMapTexture = markPersistentTexture(await loadBaseMapTexture());
    } catch (err) {
      console.warn('QGIS basemap texture yuklenemedi, zemin dokusu ile devam ediliyor.', err);
      setStatus(t('basemapFail'));
    }
  }
  loadingText.innerText = t('sceneTerrain') + '...';
  setSceneState('sceneTerrain');
  const terrainBuilt = await buildTerrain(adalar, buildToken);
  if (!terrainBuilt || isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;

  // Basemap underlay over the base (Basemap & Texture dock).
  if (settings.showBasemap && projectManifest?.basemap?.image && !basemapTexture) {
    try {
      basemapTexture = markPersistentTexture(await loadBasemapImage());
    } catch (err) {
      console.warn('Basemap image could not be loaded', err);
    }
  }
  buildBasemapOverlay();

  loadingText.innerText = t('processing');
  setSceneState('sceneLayers');

  if (settings.showIslands && (!isRasterTextureMode() || adalar.features.length)) {
    await runLayerBuild('Blocks', () => buildIslandLayer(adalar), () => clearGroup(islandGroup));
  } else {
    clearGroup(islandGroup);
  }
  if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
  if (settings.showParcels && parseller) {
    await runLayerBuild('Parcels', () => buildParcelLayer(parseller), () => clearGroup(parcelGroup));
  } else {
    clearGroup(parcelGroup);
  }
  if (settings.showHardscape && hardscape) {
    await runLayerBuild('Hardscape', () => buildHardscapeLayer(hardscape, buildToken), () => clearGroup(hardscapeGroup));
  } else {
    clearGroup(hardscapeGroup);
  }
  if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
  await runLayerBuild('Wind plume', () => buildWindPlumeLayer(), () => clearGroup(windPlumeGroup));
  if (settings.showBuildings) {
    await runLayerBuild('Buildings', () => buildBuildingLayer(yapilar, buildToken), () => clearGroup(buildingGroup));
  } else {
    clearGroup(buildingGroup);
  }
  if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
  if (settings.showZoningEnvelopes && settings.showBuildings && yapilar) {
    await runLayerBuild('Zoning Envelopes', () => buildZoningEnvelopesLayer(yapilar), () => clearGroup(zoningGroup));
  } else {
    clearGroup(zoningGroup);
  }
  if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
  await runLayerBuild('Roads', () => buildRoadsAndTraffic(yollar, buildToken), () => { clearGroup(roadGroup); clearGroup(carGroup); clearGroup(pedestrianGroup); });
  await runLayerBuild('Bike lanes', () => buildBikeLaneLayer(bikeLanes, buildToken), () => { clearGroup(bikeLaneGroup); clearGroup(bikeGroup); bikeLaneCurves = []; bikes = []; });
  if (isSceneBuildStale(buildToken)) return;
  if (settings.showSidewalks) {
    await runLayerBuild('Sidewalks', () => buildSidewalkLayer(yollar, sidewalks, buildToken), () => clearGroup(sidewalkGroup));
  } else {
    clearGroup(sidewalkGroup);
  }
  if (settings.showPedestrianPaths) {
    await runLayerBuild('Pedestrian paths', () => buildPedestrianPathLayer(pedestrianPaths, buildToken), () => { clearGroup(pedestrianPathGroup); pedestrianPathCurves = []; });
  } else {
    clearGroup(pedestrianPathGroup);
    pedestrianPathCurves = [];
  }
  if (settings.showCrosswalks) {
    await runLayerBuild('Crosswalks', () => buildCrosswalkLayer(yollar), () => clearGroup(crosswalkGroup));
  } else {
    clearGroup(crosswalkGroup);
  }
  await runLayerBuild('Pedestrians', () => buildPedestrianLayer(), () => clearGroup(pedestrianGroup));
  if (settings.showTrees) {
    await runLayerBuild('Trees', () => buildTreeLayer(agaclar), () => clearGroup(treeGroup));
  } else {
    clearGroup(treeGroup);
  }
  if (settings.showFurniture) {
    await runLayerBuild('Street furniture', () => buildFurnitureLayer(), () => clearGroup(furnitureGroup));
  } else {
    clearGroup(furnitureGroup);
  }
  if (settings.showFences && fences) {
    await runLayerBuild('Fences', () => buildFencesLayer(fences), () => clearGroup(fenceGroup));
  } else {
    clearGroup(fenceGroup);
  }
  if (settings.showWaterlines && waterlines) {
    await runLayerBuild('Water lines', () => buildWaterlinesLayer(waterlines), () => clearGroup(waterlineGroup));
  } else {
    clearGroup(waterlineGroup);
  }
  rebuildMinimapBg();
  updateDockControls();
  renderBlockCategoryStyleDock();
  renderFunctionStyleDock();
  updateDashboard(layerDataCache);
  setSceneState('sceneReady');

  hideLoadingOverlay();
}

function handleSceneError(err) {
  console.error(err);
  setStatus(err?.message || t('demFail'));
  setSceneState(err?.message || 'Scene error', 'warn');
  hideLoadingOverlay(0);
}

function rebuildSceneSafe() {
  return rebuildScene().catch((err) => {
    handleSceneError(err);
  });
}

let sceneRebuildTimer = null;
function requestSceneRebuild(delay = 120) {
  if (sceneRebuildTimer !== null) window.clearTimeout(sceneRebuildTimer);
  sceneRebuildTimer = window.setTimeout(() => {
    sceneRebuildTimer = null;
    rebuildSceneSafe();
  }, Math.max(0, delay));
}

function setSceneState(textOrKey, kind = 'ok') {
  const pill = document.getElementById('scene-state');
  if (!pill) return;
  const translated = t(textOrKey);
  if (translated !== textOrKey) pill.dataset.sceneI18n = textOrKey;
  else delete pill.dataset.sceneI18n;
  const text = translated !== textOrKey ? translated : textOrKey;
  pill.textContent = text;
  pill.style.background = kind === 'warn' ? '#fef3c7' : '#dff7ef';
  pill.style.color = kind === 'warn' ? '#92400e' : '#0f766e';
}

function updateDashboard(data) {
  if (!data) return;
  const adalar = data.adalar || EMPTY_GEOJSON;
  const yapilar = data.yapilar || EMPTY_GEOJSON;
  const yollar = data.yollar || EMPTY_GEOJSON;
  const agaclar = data.agaclar || EMPTY_GEOJSON;
  const parseller = data.parseller || EMPTY_GEOJSON;
  const furniture = data.furniture || {};

  const bldCount = yapilar.features.length;
  const blockCount = adalar.features.length;
  const parcelCount = parseller?.features?.length || 0;
  let totalFloors = 0;
  let totalPopulation = 0;
  let totalDwellings = 0;
  let totalVehicles = 0;
  const funcMap = {};
  yapilar.features.forEach((f) => {
    const fn = buildingFunctionValue(f.properties || {});
    funcMap[fn] = (funcMap[fn] || 0) + 1;
    totalFloors += buildingLevels(f.properties);
    const metrics = estimateBuildingFeatureMetrics(f);
    totalPopulation += metrics.population || 0;
    totalDwellings += metrics.dwellings || 0;
    totalVehicles += metrics.vehicles || 0;
  });
  const avgFlr = bldCount > 0 ? (totalFloors / bldCount).toFixed(1) : '-';

  const setMetric = (id, value) => {
    const el = document.getElementById(id);
    if (el) el.textContent = value;
  };
  setMetric('metric-buildings', bldCount);
  setMetric('metric-blocks', isRasterTextureMode() && !blockCount ? 'texture' : blockCount);
  setMetric('metric-parcels', isRasterTextureMode() && !parcelCount ? 'texture' : (parcelCount || '-'));
  setMetric('metric-floors', avgFlr);
  setMetric('metric-population', Math.round(totalPopulation));
  setMetric('metric-dwellings', Math.round(totalDwellings));
  setMetric('metric-vehicles', Math.round(totalVehicles));

  const meta = document.getElementById('project-meta');
  if (meta) {
    if (projectManifest) {
      const title = escapeHtml(projectManifest.project?.title || '3D OSM Model');
      const exportedAt = escapeHtml(projectManifest.exportedAt ? new Date(projectManifest.exportedAt).toLocaleString() : '-');
      const crsValue = projectManifest.summary?.crs;
      const crs = escapeHtml(
        Array.isArray(crsValue) && crsValue.length
          ? crsValue.join(', ')
          : (crsValue || (projectManifest.summary?.epsg ? `EPSG:${projectManifest.summary.epsg}` : t('crsUnknown')))
      );
      const modeLabel = isRasterTextureMode() ? 'Raster Plan Texture' : 'Vector Plan';
      const accessField = projectManifest.roadAccess?.field ? `<br>Traffic filter: ${escapeHtml(projectManifest.roadAccess.field)}` : '';
      const themeLabel = escapeHtml(projectManifest.assetTheme || settings.assetTheme || 'Modern Urban');
      meta.innerHTML = `<strong>${title}</strong><br>Mode: ${modeLabel}<br>Asset theme: ${themeLabel}<br>Export: ${exportedAt}<br>CRS: ${crs}${accessField}`;
    } else {
      meta.textContent = t('manifestMissing');
    }
  }

  const health = document.getElementById('data-health');
  if (health) {
    const manifestEmpty = new Set(projectManifest?.summary?.emptyOptionalInputs || []);
    const optional = [
      ['blocks', 'Greens', adalar.features.length],
      ['roads', 'Roads', yollar.features.length],
      ['bike_lanes', 'Bike lanes', layerDataCache.bikeLanes?.features?.length || 0],
      ['waterlines', 'Waterways', layerDataCache.waterlines?.features?.length || 0],
      ['trees', 'Trees', agaclar.features.length],
      ['lights', 'Lights', furniture.lights?.features?.length || 0],
      ['benches', 'Benches', furniture.benches?.features?.length || 0],
      ['bins', 'Bins', furniture.bins?.features?.length || 0],
      ['busstops', 'Stops', furniture.busstops?.features?.length || 0],
    ];
    health.innerHTML = optional.map(([key, name, count]) =>
      `<span class="health-chip ${count ? 'ok' : 'empty'}">${name}: ${count || (manifestEmpty.has(key) ? t('emptyExport') : t('notAvailable'))}</span>`
    ).join('');
  }

  const topFuncs = Object.entries(funcMap).sort((a, b) => b[1] - a[1]).slice(0, 4);
  const statDiv = document.getElementById('stats-content');
  if (statDiv) {
    let html = `<div class="stat-row"><span>${t('statBld')}</span><span class="stat-val">${bldCount}</span></div>`;
    html += `<div class="stat-row"><span>${t('statBlock')}</span><span class="stat-val">${blockCount}</span></div>`;
    html += `<div class="stat-row"><span>${t('statFlr')}</span><span class="stat-val">${avgFlr}</span></div>`;
    topFuncs.forEach(([k, v]) => {
      const icon = getFunctionIcon(k);
      html += `<div class="stat-row stat-func"><span>${icon} ${escapeHtml(String(k).slice(0, 20))}</span><span class="stat-val">${v}</span></div>`;
    });
    statDiv.innerHTML = html;
  }
}

// Building hover highlight helpers
function _unhoverBuilding() {
  if (!_hoveredBldg) return;
  const mat = Array.isArray(_hoveredBldg.material) ? _hoveredBldg.material[1] : _hoveredBldg.material;
  mat.emissive.copy(_hovEmissive);
  mat.emissiveIntensity = _hovEmissiveIntensity;
  _hoveredBldg = null;
}
function _doHoverBuilding(mesh) {
  if (mesh === _hoveredBldg) return;
  _unhoverBuilding();
  _hoveredBldg = mesh;
  const mat = Array.isArray(mesh.material) ? mesh.material[1] : mesh.material;
  _hovEmissive.copy(mat.emissive);
  _hovEmissiveIntensity = mat.emissiveIntensity;
  mat.emissive.setHex(0x1a5c44);
  mat.emissiveIntensity = 1.4;
}

// Hover tooltip (DOM-based, no CSS2DRenderer overhead)
const hoverTip = document.getElementById('bldg-hover-tip');
let _hoverThrottle = 0;
window.addEventListener('mousemove', (e) => {
  if (isWalkMode) { if (hoverTip) hoverTip.style.display = 'none'; _unhoverBuilding(); return; }
  if (e.target.closest('#ui-container')) {
    if (hoverTip) hoverTip.style.display = 'none'; _unhoverBuilding(); return;
  }
  const now = performance.now();
  if (now - _hoverThrottle < 40) return;
  _hoverThrottle = now;

  const mouse = new THREE.Vector2((e.clientX / innerWidth) * 2 - 1, -(e.clientY / innerHeight) * 2 + 1);
  rc.setFromCamera(mouse, camera);
  const hits = rc.intersectObjects(buildingGroup.children);

  if (!hits.length) {
    _unhoverBuilding();
    if (hoverTip) hoverTip.style.display = 'none';
    return;
  }
  _doHoverBuilding(hits[0].object);
  if (hoverTip) {
    const p = hits[0].object.userData || {};
    const icon = getFunctionIcon(buildingFunctionValue(p) || '');
    const floorVal = buildingLevelsRaw(p);
    const floors = floorVal != null ? `${floorVal} ${t('biKat').toLowerCase()}` : '-';
    hoverTip.innerHTML = `<div class="tooltip-title">${icon} ${escapeHtml((buildingFunctionValue(p) || '-').slice(0, 26))}</div><div class="tooltip-row"><span>${t('biKat')}</span><span>${escapeHtml(floors)}</span></div>`;
    hoverTip.style.display = 'block';
    const tx = Math.min(e.clientX + 16, innerWidth - 200);
    const ty = Math.max(e.clientY - 60, 8);
    hoverTip.style.left = tx + 'px';
    hoverTip.style.top = ty + 'px';
  }
});
window.addEventListener('mouseleave', () => { _unhoverBuilding(); if (hoverTip) hoverTip.style.display = 'none'; });

// Click: show full detail panel
const detailTip = document.getElementById('bldg-detail-tip');
window.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
  if (isWalkMode) return;
  if (e.target.closest('#ui-container')) return;
  if (e.target.closest('#bldg-detail-tip')) return;

  const mouse = new THREE.Vector2((e.clientX / innerWidth) * 2 - 1, -(e.clientY / innerHeight) * 2 + 1);
  rc.setFromCamera(mouse, camera);
  const hits = rc.intersectObjects(buildingGroup.children);

  if (!hits.length) {
    if (detailTip) detailTip.style.display = 'none';
    return;
  }
  const p = hits[0].object.userData || {};
  const icon = getFunctionIcon(buildingFunctionValue(p) || '');
  const areaStr = p.aream2 ? `${parseFloat(p.aream2).toFixed(0)} m²` : '-';
  const calcFootprintArea = parseNumberProp(p, ['planx_calc_footprint_area', 'taban_alani', 'footprint_area'], null);
  const calcFloorArea = parseNumberProp(p, ['planx_calc_floor_area', 'toplam_insaat', 'insaat_alani'], null);
  const calcPopulation = parseNumberProp(p, ['planx_calc_population', 'nufus', 'nüfus', 'population'], null);
  const calcDwellings = parseNumberProp(p, ['planx_calc_dwellings', 'daire', 'daire_sayisi', 'dwellings'], null);
  const calcVehicles = parseNumberProp(p, ['planx_calc_vehicles', 'arac', 'araç', 'vehicle', 'cars'], null);
  const styleRows = [
    ['Renk', p.planx_color || p.renk],
    ['Cephe', p.planx_facade],
    ['Cati', p.planx_roof_shape],
    ['Cati doku', p.planx_roof_texture],
  ].filter(([, value]) => value);
  const safeFunction = escapeHtml((buildingFunctionValue(p) || '-').slice(0, 24));
  const safeLevels = escapeHtml(buildingLevelsRaw(p) ?? '-');
  const safeNizam = escapeHtml(p.nizam || '-');
  if (detailTip) {
    detailTip.innerHTML = `
      <div class="tooltip-title">${icon} ${t('binaInfo')} <span class="tip-close" onclick="this.closest('#bldg-detail-tip').style.display='none'">✕</span></div>
      <div class="tooltip-row"><span>${t('biFonk')}</span><span>${safeFunction}</span></div>
      <div class="tooltip-row"><span>${t('biKat')}</span><span>${safeLevels}</span></div>
      <div class="tooltip-row"><span>${t('biNiz')}</span><span>${safeNizam}</span></div>
      ${p.taks != null ? `<div class="tooltip-row"><span>TAKS</span><span>${escapeHtml(p.taks)}</span></div>` : ''}
      ${p.kaks != null ? `<div class="tooltip-row"><span>KAKS</span><span>${escapeHtml(p.kaks)}</span></div>` : ''}
      <div class="tooltip-row"><span>Taban alanı</span><span>${areaStr}</span></div>
      ${calcFootprintArea ? `<div class="tooltip-row"><span>Hesaplanan taban</span><span>${calcFootprintArea.toFixed(0)} m²</span></div>` : ''}
      ${calcFloorArea ? `<div class="tooltip-row"><span>Toplam inşaat</span><span>${calcFloorArea.toFixed(0)} m²</span></div>` : ''}
      ${calcPopulation !== null ? `<div class="tooltip-row"><span>Tahmini nüfus</span><span>${calcPopulation.toFixed(0)}</span></div>` : ''}
      ${calcDwellings !== null ? `<div class="tooltip-row"><span>Tahmini daire</span><span>${calcDwellings.toFixed(0)}</span></div>` : ''}
      ${calcVehicles !== null ? `<div class="tooltip-row"><span>Tahmini araç</span><span>${calcVehicles.toFixed(0)}</span></div>` : ''}
      ${styleRows.map(([label, value]) => `<div class="tooltip-row"><span>${escapeHtml(label)}</span><span>${escapeHtml(value)}</span></div>`).join('')}
    `;
    detailTip.style.display = 'block';
  }
});

// Double-click: fly camera to building
window.addEventListener('dblclick', (e) => {
  if (isWalkMode) return;
  if (e.target.closest('#ui-container')) return;
  const mouse = new THREE.Vector2((e.clientX / innerWidth) * 2 - 1, -(e.clientY / innerHeight) * 2 + 1);
  rc.setFromCamera(mouse, camera);
  const hits = rc.intersectObjects(buildingGroup.children);
  if (!hits.length) return;
  const pt = hits[0].point.clone();
  const dir = camera.position.clone().sub(pt).normalize();
  _flyOrigin = camera.position.clone();
  _flyTarget = pt.clone().addScaledVector(dir, 70).add(new THREE.Vector3(0, 25, 0));
  _flyControlsTarget = pt.clone();
  _flyT = 0;
});

window.addEventListener('resize', () => {
  camera.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;
  camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
  renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
  composer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
  labelRenderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
  if (document.getElementById('export-size-preset')?.value === 'current') updateExportControls();
});


const walkBtn = document.getElementById('walk-toggle');
if (walkBtn) {
  walkBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
    if (!isWalkMode) walkControls.lock();
    else walkControls.unlock();
  });
}
walkControls.addEventListener('lock', () => {
  isWalkMode = true;
  controls.enabled = false;
  if (walkBtn) walkBtn.classList.add('active');
  document.getElementById('walk-hud')?.classList.remove('hidden');
  velocity.set(0, 0, 0);
  walkBobPhase = 0;
  walkBobOffset.set(0, 0, 0);
  // Land where the user was looking. Entering walk mode from a wide overview
  // used to drop the walker wherever the orbit camera happened to hover, which
  // was often hundreds of metres outside the model.
  if (camera.position.y - terrainLocalYAt(camera.position.x, camera.position.z) > WALK.dropInHeight) {
    camera.position.x = controls.target.x;
    camera.position.z = controls.target.z;
  }
  camera.position.y = terrainLocalYAt(camera.position.x, camera.position.z) + walkEyeHeight();
  walkOrbitFov = camera.fov;
  camera.fov = WALK.fov;
  camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
});
walkControls.addEventListener('unlock', () => {
  isWalkMode = false;
  moveForward = moveBackward = moveLeft = moveRight = false;
  sprintWalk = false;
  crouchWalk = false;
  camera.position.sub(walkBobOffset);
  walkBobOffset.set(0, 0, 0);
  // The pointer-lock exit event arrives a frame or two late, so a tour started
  // from walk mode would otherwise have its camera and FOV yanked mid-shot.
  controls.enabled = !tourState.active;
  if (walkOrbitFov != null && !tourState.active) {
    camera.fov = walkOrbitFov;
    camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
  }
  walkOrbitFov = null;
  if (walkBtn) walkBtn.classList.remove('active');
  document.getElementById('walk-hud')?.classList.add('hidden');
});

document.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
  // W enters walk mode from orbit mode; inside walk mode it remains forward movement.
  if (e.code === 'KeyW' && !e.repeat && !isWalkMode) {
    walkControls.lock();
    return;
  }
  if (e.code === 'Escape' && isWalkMode) {
    walkControls.unlock();
    return;
  }
  if (!isWalkMode) return;
  switch (e.code) {
    case 'ArrowUp':  case 'KeyW': moveForward  = true; break;
    case 'ArrowLeft':  case 'KeyA': moveLeft  = true; break;
    case 'ArrowDown':  case 'KeyS': moveBackward = true; break;
    case 'ArrowRight': case 'KeyD': moveRight = true; break;
    case 'ShiftLeft': case 'ShiftRight': sprintWalk = true; break;
    case 'KeyC': crouchWalk = true; break;
  }
});
document.addEventListener('keyup', (e) => {
  if (!isWalkMode) return;
  switch (e.code) {
    case 'ArrowUp':  case 'KeyW': moveForward  = false; break;
    case 'ArrowLeft':  case 'KeyA': moveLeft  = false; break;
    case 'ArrowDown':  case 'KeyS': moveBackward = false; break;
    case 'ArrowRight': case 'KeyD': moveRight = false; break;
    case 'ShiftLeft': case 'ShiftRight': sprintWalk = false; break;
    case 'KeyC': crouchWalk = false; break;
  }
});

/* ======================================================================= */
/* v1.5.0 — curated looks, the shuffle button and the cinematic tour.       */
/*                                                                          */
/* A "look" (looks.js) is a whole composition — colour theme, textures,     */
/* massing and atmosphere — that was tuned by eye, not a random draw across */
/* individual settings. Shuffling picks one of ten, never the current one.  */
/* Layer visibility is deliberately untouched: silently switching heavy     */
/* layers back on would cost frames the user had chosen to save.            */
/* ======================================================================= */

let toastTimer = null;
function showToast(title, detail) {
  const host = document.getElementById('toast-host');
  if (!host) return;
  host.replaceChildren();
  const toast = document.createElement('div');
  toast.className = 'toast';
  const heading = document.createElement('strong');
  heading.textContent = title;                       // textContent, never innerHTML
  toast.appendChild(heading);
  if (detail) {
    const line = document.createElement('span');
    line.textContent = detail;
    toast.appendChild(line);
  }
  host.appendChild(toast);
  requestAnimationFrame(() => toast.classList.add('visible'));
  window.clearTimeout(toastTimer);
  toastTimer = window.setTimeout(() => {
    toast.classList.remove('visible');
    window.setTimeout(() => toast.remove(), 320);
  }, 3400);
}

// Apply one curated look. Order matters: the colour theme reseeds paving,
// facades and furniture from the asset pool, so the look's own texture and
// massing choices have to be written after it or they would be overwritten.
function applyLook(id, { announce = true } = {}) {
  const look = getLook(id);
  if (!look) return false;

  applyColorTheme(look.colorTheme, { preferManifest: false, assetTheme: look.settings.assetTheme });
  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(look.settings)) {
    if (key === 'assetTheme') continue;              // already applied, before the reseed
    if (!(key in settings)) continue;
    settings[key] = value;
  }
  settings.roofShape = roofShapeValue(settings.roofShape, 'Pyramid');

  // Per-function styles win over the global roof settings when a building is
  // drawn, so a look that only wrote `settings` would leave every roof alone.
  Object.values(functionBuildingStyleState).forEach((style) => {
    if (!style) return;
    style.roofShape = settings.roofShape;
    style.roofHeight = settings.roofHeight;
    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(textureSets.roof, settings.roofTexture)) {
      style.roofTexture = settings.roofTexture;
    }
  });
  saveFunctionBuildingStyles();

  // Same invalidation the asset-theme dock control performs: the procedural
  // ground/basemap textures and the vehicle/pedestrian templates are baked per
  // asset theme and would otherwise survive the switch.
  clearGroup(carGroup);
  clearGroup(pedestrianGroup);
  releasePersistentTexture(terrainTexture);
  releasePersistentTexture(baseMapTexture);
  terrainTexture = null;
  baseMapTexture = null;
  clearProceduralTemplateCaches();

  settings.activeLook = look.id;
  savePersistedSettings();
  updateWeather();
  checkTimeChange();
  updateDockControls();
  renderLooksGallery();
  requestSceneRebuild(0);
  if (announce) showToast(look.name, look.blurb);
  return true;
}

function shuffleLook() {
  applyLook(pickLookId(settings.activeLook));
}

function renderLooksGallery() {
  const host = document.getElementById('look-list');
  if (!host) return;
  host.replaceChildren();
  LOOKS.forEach((look) => {
    const card = document.createElement('button');
    card.type = 'button';
    card.className = 'look-card';
    card.classList.toggle('active', settings.activeLook === look.id);
    card.setAttribute('aria-pressed', settings.activeLook === look.id ? 'true' : 'false');

    const strip = document.createElement('span');
    strip.className = 'look-swatch';
    look.swatch.forEach((hex) => {
      const chip = document.createElement('i');
      chip.style.background = hex;
      strip.appendChild(chip);
    });

    const text = document.createElement('span');
    text.className = 'look-text';
    const name = document.createElement('strong');
    name.textContent = look.name;
    const blurb = document.createElement('small');
    blurb.textContent = look.blurb;
    text.append(name, blurb);

    card.append(strip, text);
    card.addEventListener('click', () => applyLook(look.id));
    host.appendChild(card);
  });
}

/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ Tour ---
 * A fixed five-shot flight resolved against the model's own extent, so the
 * same choreography frames a 4 ha courtyard and a 300 ha district. The tour
 * borrows the camera and the clock and hands both back when it ends or is
 * interrupted — a tour that permanently moved your view and reset your time of
 * day would be a trap. Point it at Export Studio's recorder for a video.
 */
const tourState = { active: false, elapsed: 0, saved: null, lastTimeApplied: -1 };

function tourModelRadius() {
  if (bounds && Number.isFinite(bounds.minX) && Number.isFinite(bounds.maxY)) {
    const halfWidth = Math.abs(bounds.maxX - bounds.minX) / 2;
    const halfDepth = Math.abs(bounds.maxY - bounds.minY) / 2;
    const radius = Math.hypot(halfWidth, halfDepth);
    if (radius > 1) return radius;
  }
  return 300;
}

function tourGroundY() {
  const sampled = terrainLocalYAt(0, 0);
  if (Number.isFinite(sampled)) return sampled;
  return Number.isFinite(terrainHeightStats?.avg) ? terrainHeightStats.avg : 0;
}

function formatClock(seconds) {
  const whole = Math.max(0, Math.round(seconds));
  return `${Math.floor(whole / 60)}:${String(whole % 60).padStart(2, '0')}`;
}

function applyTourFrame(t) {
  const state = tourStateAt(t);
  if (!state) return;
  const radius = tourModelRadius();
  const ground = tourGroundY();
  const bearing = state.azimuth * Math.PI / 180;
  const targetX = state.targetX * radius;
  const targetZ = state.targetZ * radius;
  const camHeight = Math.max(6, state.height * radius);

  camera.position.set(
    targetX + Math.cos(bearing) * state.radius * radius,
    ground + camHeight,
    targetZ + Math.sin(bearing) * state.radius * radius
  );
  // Look slightly below the camera, capped so the establishing shot still points
  // at the city instead of the horizon.
  controls.target.set(targetX, ground + Math.min(camHeight * 0.45, radius * 0.06), targetZ);
  camera.lookAt(controls.target);
  if (Math.abs(camera.fov - state.fov) > 0.01) {
    camera.fov = state.fov;
    camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
  }
  // The sun only needs recomputing a few times a second, not every frame.
  if (Math.abs(state.timeOfDay - tourState.lastTimeApplied) > 0.08) {
    settings.timeOfDay = state.timeOfDay;
    tourState.lastTimeApplied = state.timeOfDay;
    checkTimeChange();
  }

  const shot = document.getElementById('tour-shot');
  const clock = document.getElementById('tour-clock');
  const progress = document.getElementById('tour-progress');
  if (shot) shot.textContent = `${state.shotIndex + 1}/${TOUR_SHOTS.length} · ${state.shotName}`;
  if (clock) clock.textContent = `${formatClock(state.elapsed)} / ${formatClock(state.total)}`;
  if (progress) progress.style.width = `${(state.progress * 100).toFixed(1)}%`;
}

function startTour() {
  if (tourState.active) return;
  if (isWalkMode) walkControls.unlock();
  tourState.saved = {
    position: camera.position.clone(),
    target: controls.target.clone(),
    fov: camera.fov,
    timeOfDay: settings.timeOfDay,
    autoOrbit: settings.autoOrbit,
    autoTime: settings.autoTime
  };
  settings.autoOrbit = false;
  settings.autoTime = false;
  controls.enabled = false;
  controls.autoRotate = false;
  _flyT = 1.0;                     // cancel any bookmark fly-to still in flight
  tourState.active = true;
  tourState.elapsed = 0;
  tourState.lastTimeApplied = -1;
  document.getElementById('tour-hud')?.classList.remove('hidden');
  document.getElementById('tour-toggle')?.classList.add('active');
  applyTourFrame(0);
  showToast('Cinematic tour', `${TOUR_SHOTS.length} shots, ${formatClock(TOUR_DURATION)} — press T or Esc to stop.`);
}

function stopTour(restore = true) {
  if (!tourState.active) return;
  tourState.active = false;
  controls.enabled = !isWalkMode;
  if (restore && tourState.saved) {
    const saved = tourState.saved;
    camera.position.copy(saved.position);
    controls.target.copy(saved.target);
    camera.fov = saved.fov;
    camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
    settings.timeOfDay = saved.timeOfDay;
    settings.autoOrbit = saved.autoOrbit;
    settings.autoTime = saved.autoTime;
    checkTimeChange();
    updateDockControls();
  }
  tourState.saved = null;
  document.getElementById('tour-hud')?.classList.add('hidden');
  document.getElementById('tour-toggle')?.classList.remove('active');
}

function updateTour(delta) {
  if (!tourState.active) return;
  tourState.elapsed += delta;
  const finished = tourState.elapsed >= TOUR_DURATION;
  applyTourFrame(Math.min(tourState.elapsed, TOUR_DURATION));
  if (finished) stopTour(true);
}

document.getElementById('look-shuffle')?.addEventListener('click', () => shuffleLook());
document.getElementById('look-shuffle-dock')?.addEventListener('click', () => shuffleLook());
document.getElementById('tour-toggle')?.addEventListener('click', () => (tourState.active ? stopTour(true) : startTour()));
document.getElementById('tour-stop')?.addEventListener('click', () => stopTour(true));

// Any deliberate camera input ends the tour and leaves the user where they are.
['pointerdown', 'wheel'].forEach((type) => {
  renderer.domElement.addEventListener(type, () => {
    if (tourState.active) stopTour(false);
  }, { passive: true });
});

document.addEventListener('keydown', (event) => {
  if (event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey || event.altKey || event.repeat) return;
  const target = event.target;
  if (target && (target.isContentEditable || (target.matches && target.matches('input, textarea, select')))) return;
  if (event.code === 'Escape' && tourState.active) {
    stopTour(true);
    return;
  }
  if (isWalkMode) return;
  if (event.code === 'KeyL') {
    event.preventDefault();
    shuffleLook();
  } else if (event.code === 'KeyT') {
    event.preventDefault();
    if (tourState.active) stopTour(true);
    else startTour();
  }
});

renderLooksGallery();

function animate() {
  requestAnimationFrame(animate);
  const time = performance.now();
  const delta = (time - prevTime) / 1000;
  // fps-independent step for path-following cars/bikes/pedestrians, calibrated to
  // 60 fps (clamped so a frame-rate dip slows nothing and a stall can't teleport).
  const dt60 = Math.min(Math.max(delta, 0), 0.1) * 60;

  if (isWalkMode) {
    direction.z = Number(moveForward) - Number(moveBackward);
    direction.x = Number(moveRight) - Number(moveLeft);
    direction.normalize();

    const stepped = stepWalkVelocity(
      velocity.x, velocity.z, direction.x, direction.z,
      topSpeed(settings.walkSpeed, { sprinting: sprintWalk, crouching: crouchWalk }),
      delta
    );
    velocity.x = stepped.x;
    velocity.z = stepped.z;

    // Take last frame's head movement back off before stepping, so the gait can
    // never accumulate into a drift.
    camera.position.sub(walkBobOffset);
    const fromX = camera.position.x;
    const fromY = camera.position.y;
    const fromZ = camera.position.z;
    walkControls.moveRight(-velocity.x * delta);
    walkControls.moveForward(-velocity.z * delta);

    // Resolve the two horizontal axes separately so a wall is slid along rather
    // than bringing the walker to a dead stop in a corner.
    const dx = camera.position.x - fromX;
    const dz = camera.position.z - fromZ;
    if (Math.abs(dx) > 1e-5
        && walkPathBlocked(_walkFrom.set(fromX, fromY, fromZ), _walkAxis.set(Math.sign(dx), 0, 0), Math.abs(dx) + WALK.bodyRadius)) {
      camera.position.x = fromX;
      velocity.x *= 0.15;
    }
    if (Math.abs(dz) > 1e-5
        && walkPathBlocked(_walkFrom.set(camera.position.x, fromY, fromZ), _walkAxis.set(0, 0, Math.sign(dz)), Math.abs(dz) + WALK.bodyRadius)) {
      camera.position.z = fromZ;
      velocity.z *= 0.15;
    }

    // The model has an edge. Walking off it into empty space breaks the illusion
    // far more than a wall you cannot pass, so the walker is held on the base.
    if (bounds) {
      const halfX = Math.abs(bounds.maxX - bounds.minX) / 2 - 1.5;
      const halfZ = Math.abs(bounds.maxY - bounds.minY) / 2 - 1.5;
      if (halfX > 0) camera.position.x = THREE.MathUtils.clamp(camera.position.x, -halfX, halfX);
      if (halfZ > 0) camera.position.z = THREE.MathUtils.clamp(camera.position.z, -halfZ, halfZ);
    }

    // Gait. The head rises and falls twice per stride and sways once, both
    // scaled by how fast the body is actually travelling — so standing still is
    // perfectly still, and a jog moves more than a stroll.
    const moved = Math.hypot(camera.position.x - fromX, camera.position.z - fromZ);
    walkBobPhase += (moved / WALK.stepLength) * Math.PI;
    const speed = Math.hypot(velocity.x, velocity.z);
    const gait = settings.walkHeadBob ? gaitStrength(speed) : 0;
    const bob = gaitOffset(walkBobPhase, gait);

    const ground = terrainLocalYAt(camera.position.x, camera.position.z);
    camera.position.y += ((ground + walkEyeHeight()) - camera.position.y) * Math.min(1, delta * 12);

    walkBobOffset.set(0, bob.vertical, 0);
    if (bob.lateral !== 0) {
      _walkRight.set(1, 0, 0).applyQuaternion(camera.quaternion);
      _walkRight.y = 0;
      if (_walkRight.lengthSq() > 1e-6) {
        walkBobOffset.addScaledVector(_walkRight.normalize(), bob.lateral);
      }
    }
    camera.position.add(walkBobOffset);
    updateWalkHud(speed);
  } else {
    controls.update();
  }
  prevTime = time;

  if (weatherParticles) {
    const positions = weatherParticles.geometry.attributes.position.array;
    const isRain = settings.weather === 'Rain';
    const speedY = isRain ? 15 : 2;
    const speedX = isRain ? 1.5 : 1.0;
    for(let i=1; i<positions.length; i+=3) {
      positions[i] -= speedY;
      positions[i-1] -= speedX;
      if (positions[i] < 0) {
        positions[i] = 400;
        positions[i-1] = (Math.random() - 0.5) * 800;
        positions[i+1] = (Math.random() - 0.5) * 800;
      }
    }
    weatherParticles.geometry.attributes.position.needsUpdate = true;
    weatherParticles.position.x = camera.position.x;
    weatherParticles.position.z = camera.position.z;
  }
  
  for (const c of cars) {
    c.t += c.speed * settings.trafficSpeed * dt60;
    if (c.t > 1) c.t = 0;
    const safe = Math.min(Math.max(c.t, 0.01), 0.99);
    const pos = c.curve.getPointAt(safe);
    const tan = c.curve.getTangentAt(safe);
    const roadY = terrainLocalYAt(pos.x, pos.z) + LAYER.road + LAYER.carExtra;
    c.car.position.set(pos.x, roadY, pos.z);
    // Flatten tangent (no Y tilt) and negate (car front faces -Z)
    const horiz = Math.sqrt(tan.x * tan.x + tan.z * tan.z);
    if (horiz > 0.001) {
      c.car.lookAt(pos.x - tan.x / horiz, roadY, pos.z - tan.z / horiz);
    }
  }
  for (const b of bikes) {
    b.t += b.speed * Math.max(0, settings.bikeSpeed || 0) * dt60;
    if (b.t > 1) b.t = 0;
    const sample = b.direction > 0 ? b.t : 1 - b.t;
    const safe = Math.min(Math.max(sample, 0.01), 0.99);
    const pos = b.curve.getPointAt(safe);
    const tan = b.curve.getTangentAt(safe).multiplyScalar(b.direction);
    const bikeY = terrainLocalYAt(pos.x, pos.z) + LAYER.bikeLane + 0.08;
    b.mesh.position.set(pos.x, bikeY, pos.z);
    const h = Math.sqrt(tan.x * tan.x + tan.z * tan.z);
    if (h > 0.001) b.mesh.lookAt(pos.x - tan.x / h, bikeY, pos.z - tan.z / h);
    for (const wheel of b.wheels || []) wheel.rotation.x -= 0.15 * (settings.bikeSpeed || 0) * dt60;
  }
  for (const p of pedestrians) {
    p.t += p.speed * dt60;
    if (p.t > 1) p.t = 0;
    const safe = Math.min(Math.max(p.t, 0.01), 0.99);
    const pos = p.curve.getPointAt(safe);
    const tan = p.curve.getTangentAt(safe);
    const right = new THREE.Vector3(-tan.z, 0, tan.x).normalize();
    const offsetMag = p.surface === 'path'
      ? (p.lateralOffset || 0)
      : (p.roadHalfWidth || (settings.roadWidth * 0.5 + 0.3)) * p.offsetDir;
    pos.add(right.multiplyScalar(offsetMag));

    const pedY = terrainLocalYAt(pos.x, pos.z) + (p.surface === 'path' ? LAYER.path + 0.10 : LAYER.sidewalk + 0.08);
    const walkT = time * 0.006 + p.phase;
    const swing = Math.sin(walkT) * p.walkAmplitude;
    const counter = -swing;
    if (p.limbRefs) {
      p.limbRefs.leftArm.rotation.x = counter;
      p.limbRefs.rightArm.rotation.x = swing;
      p.limbRefs.leftLeg.rotation.x = swing;
      p.limbRefs.rightLeg.rotation.x = counter;
      p.limbRefs.leftShoe.position.z = -0.04 + Math.max(0, swing) * 0.08;
      p.limbRefs.rightShoe.position.z = -0.04 + Math.max(0, counter) * 0.08;
    }
    p.mesh.position.set(pos.x, pedY + Math.abs(Math.sin(walkT * 2)) * 0.025, pos.z);
    p.mesh.lookAt(pos.clone().add(tan.clone().multiplyScalar(p.offsetDir))); // look along direction
  }

  // Auto-orbit (only in non-walk mode)
  if (settings.autoOrbit && !isWalkMode) {
    controls.autoRotate = true;
    controls.autoRotateSpeed = settings.autoOrbitSpeed;
  } else {
    controls.autoRotate = false;
  }

  // Auto time-lapse (solar animation)
  if (settings.autoTime) {
    settings.timeOfDay = (settings.timeOfDay + settings.autoTimeSpeed * delta) % 24;
    checkTimeChange();
  }

  // Cinematic tour — owns the camera while it runs, so it goes before the
  // fly-to blend rather than fighting it for the same frame.
  updateTour(delta);

  // Fly-to animation
  if (_flyT < 1.0) {
    _flyT = Math.min(_flyT + delta * 1.0, 1.0);
    const ease = 1 - Math.pow(1 - _flyT, 3);
    camera.position.lerpVectors(_flyOrigin, _flyTarget, ease);
    if (_flyControlsTarget) controls.target.lerp(_flyControlsTarget, ease * 0.12);
  }

  // Keep the render path independent of pointer/camera activity. When explicitly
  // enabled, SSAO remains on during interaction instead of darkening the scene
  // after OrbitControls damping settles.
  ssaoPass.enabled = Boolean(settings.enableSSAO);
  bloomPass.enabled = Boolean(settings.enableBloom && bloomPass.strength > 0.001);
  const usePostProcessing = ssaoPass.enabled || bloomPass.enabled;
  if (usePostProcessing) {
    composer.render();
  } else {
    renderer.render(scene, camera);
  }
  // CSS2D overlay labels (measurement readouts, etc.). The renderer was set up
  // but never drawn before, so 2D labels never appeared; draw it every frame.
  labelRenderer.render(scene, camera);

  // Compass
  const compassCanvas = document.getElementById('compass-canvas');
  if (compassCanvas) {
    const ctx = compassCanvas.getContext('2d');
    const cDir = new THREE.Vector3();
    camera.getWorldDirection(cDir);
    const ang = Math.atan2(cDir.x, cDir.z);
    ctx.clearRect(0, 0, 48, 48);
    ctx.save();
    ctx.translate(24, 24);
    ctx.rotate(-ang);
    ctx.fillStyle = '#ef4444';
    ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(0, -15); ctx.lineTo(4, 2); ctx.lineTo(-4, 2); ctx.closePath(); ctx.fill();
    ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(255,255,255,0.45)';
    ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(0, 15); ctx.lineTo(4, -2); ctx.lineTo(-4, -2); ctx.closePath(); ctx.fill();
    ctx.restore();
    ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(255,255,255,0.75)';
    ctx.font = 'bold 9px Montserrat, sans-serif';
    ctx.textAlign = 'center';
    ctx.fillText('N', 24, 10);

    // Sun azimuth indicator on the compass ring
    if (_solarCache.elevationDeg > -3) {
      const sunAzRad = THREE.MathUtils.degToRad(_solarCache.azimuthDeg);
      const ringR = 19;
      // Compass already rotated by camera angle (-ang). We want sun's true bearing,
      // so add the camera angle back so the sun marker shows world-space azimuth.
      const drawAng = sunAzRad - ang;
      const sx = Math.sin(drawAng) * ringR + 24;
      const sy = -Math.cos(drawAng) * ringR + 24;
      const elevNorm = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, _solarCache.elevationDeg / 75));
      const sunRadius = 3.0 + elevNorm * 1.5;
      ctx.fillStyle = elevNorm > 0.4 ? '#fde68a' : '#f59e0b';
      ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(180,120,0,0.85)';
      ctx.lineWidth = 1.2;
      ctx.beginPath();
      ctx.arc(sx, sy, sunRadius, 0, Math.PI * 2);
      ctx.fill();
      ctx.stroke();
    }
  }

  // Minimap + scale bar (throttled ~30fps)
  if (time - _mmLastUpdate > 33) {
    _mmLastUpdate = time;
    const mmWrap = document.getElementById('minimap-wrap');
    if (mmWrap && !mmWrap.classList.contains('collapsed')) updateMinimapCamera();
    if (time - _sbLastUpdate > 300) { _sbLastUpdate = time; updateScaleBar(); }
  }

  // FPS HUD (sample once per second so the number is readable)
  _fpsFrames++;
  if (time - _fpsLastSample > 1000) {
    _fpsValue = Math.round((_fpsFrames * 1000) / (time - _fpsLastSample));
    _fpsFrames = 0;
    _fpsLastSample = time;
    const chip = document.getElementById('fps-chip');
    if (chip) {
      chip.textContent = `${_fpsValue} fps`;
      chip.classList.toggle('warn', _fpsValue < 45 && _fpsValue >= 25);
      chip.classList.toggle('bad', _fpsValue < 25);
    }
  }
}

function updateHtmlLang() {
  document.documentElement.lang = currentLang === 'TR' ? 'tr' : 'en';
  document.querySelectorAll('[data-i18n]').forEach(el => {
    const key = el.getAttribute('data-i18n');
    const value = t(key);
    if (value !== key) el.innerText = value;
  });
  document.querySelectorAll('[data-i18n-title]').forEach(el => {
    const key = el.getAttribute('data-i18n-title');
    const value = t(key);
    if (value !== key) el.setAttribute('title', value);
  });
  document.querySelectorAll('[data-i18n-placeholder]').forEach(el => {
    const key = el.getAttribute('data-i18n-placeholder');
    const value = t(key);
    if (value !== key) el.setAttribute('placeholder', value);
  });
  const langBtn = document.getElementById('lang-toggle');
  if (langBtn) {
    langBtn.innerText = currentLang === 'TR' ? 'EN' : 'TR';
    langBtn.setAttribute('aria-label', t('toggleLanguage'));
  }
  const scenePill = document.getElementById('scene-state');
  if (scenePill?.dataset.sceneI18n) scenePill.textContent = t(scenePill.dataset.sceneI18n);
  renderFunctionStyleDock();
  // Re-render Model Studio's dynamic panels so their labels follow the language.
  const studioDock = document.getElementById('model-studio-dock');
  if (studioDock && !studioDock.classList.contains('hidden')) {
    if (typeof renderUploadedModelsList === 'function') renderUploadedModelsList();
    if (typeof renderTreePoolList === 'function') renderTreePoolList();
    if (typeof renderModelTransformControls === 'function') renderModelTransformControls();
  }
}

const panelToggleBtn = document.getElementById('panel-toggle');
if (panelToggleBtn) {
  panelToggleBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
    const mainPanel = document.getElementById('main-panel');
    if (mainPanel) mainPanel.classList.toggle('collapsed');
  });
}

// Initialize UI text
updateHtmlLang();

window.addEventListener('error', (event) => {
  handleSceneError(event?.error || event?.message || new Error('Scene error'));
});
window.addEventListener('unhandledrejection', (event) => {
  handleSceneError(event?.reason || new Error('Unhandled scene promise rejection'));
});

rebuildSceneSafe();
animate();

// --- Export Studio -------------------------------------------------------
const MAX_EXPORT_EDGE = 7680;
const MAX_EXPORT_PIXELS = 33177600;
let exportBusy = false;
let sceneRecorder = null;
let recorderChunks = [];
let recorderStream = null;
let recorderTimer = null;
let recorderStartedAt = 0;
let viewerUnloading = false;

function renderSceneFrame() {
  ssaoPass.enabled = Boolean(settings.enableSSAO);
  bloomPass.enabled = Boolean(settings.enableBloom && bloomPass.strength > 0.001);
  if (ssaoPass.enabled || bloomPass.enabled) composer.render();
  else renderer.render(scene, camera);
}

function setExportStatus(message, state = '') {
  const status = document.getElementById('export-status');
  if (!status) return;
  status.textContent = message;
  status.classList.toggle('error', state === 'error');
  status.classList.toggle('success', state === 'success');
}

function setRecorderStatus(message, state = '') {
  const status = document.getElementById('record-status');
  if (!status) return;
  status.textContent = message;
  status.classList.toggle('error', state === 'error');
  status.classList.toggle('success', state === 'success');
}

function downloadBlob(blob, filename) {
  const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
  const link = document.createElement('a');
  link.download = filename;
  link.href = url;
  document.body.appendChild(link);
  link.click();
  link.remove();
  window.setTimeout(() => URL.revokeObjectURL(url), 2000);
}

function canvasToBlob(mimeType, quality) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    renderer.domElement.toBlob((blob) => {
      if (!blob) reject(new Error('The browser could not encode this image format.'));
      else resolve(blob);
    }, mimeType, quality);
  });
}

function resolveExportSize() {
  const preset = document.getElementById('export-size-preset')?.value || 'current';
  let width;
  let height;
  if (preset === 'current') {
    const current = renderer.getSize(new THREE.Vector2());
    width = Math.round(current.x);
    height = Math.round(current.y);
  } else if (/^\d+x\d+$/.test(preset)) {
    [width, height] = preset.split('x').map(Number);
  } else {
    width = Number(document.getElementById('export-width')?.value);
    height = Number(document.getElementById('export-height')?.value);
  }
  if (!Number.isFinite(width) || !Number.isFinite(height) || width < 320 || height < 240) {
    throw new Error('Enter a valid output size (minimum 320 x 240).');
  }
  width = Math.min(MAX_EXPORT_EDGE, Math.round(width));
  height = Math.min(MAX_EXPORT_EDGE, Math.round(height));
  if (width * height > MAX_EXPORT_PIXELS) {
    const scale = Math.sqrt(MAX_EXPORT_PIXELS / (width * height));
    width = Math.floor(width * scale);
    height = Math.floor(height * scale);
    setExportStatus(`Output was safely limited to ${width} x ${height}.`);
  }
  return { width, height };
}

async function captureSceneImage(mimeType, quality, width, height) {
  const oldSize = renderer.getSize(new THREE.Vector2());
  const oldPixelRatio = renderer.getPixelRatio();
  const oldAspect = camera.aspect;
  try {
    renderer.setPixelRatio(1);
    composer.setPixelRatio(1);
    renderer.setSize(width, height, false);
    composer.setSize(width, height);
    camera.aspect = width / height;
    camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
    renderSceneFrame();
    const blob = await canvasToBlob(mimeType, quality);
    if (mimeType === 'image/webp' && blob.type !== 'image/webp') {
      throw new Error('WebP encoding is not supported by this browser.');
    }
    return blob;
  } finally {
    renderer.setPixelRatio(oldPixelRatio);
    composer.setPixelRatio(Math.min(window.devicePixelRatio, 1.25));
    renderer.setSize(oldSize.x, oldSize.y, false);
    composer.setSize(oldSize.x, oldSize.y);
    camera.aspect = oldAspect;
    camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
    renderSceneFrame();
  }
}

async function exportCurrentScene() {
  if (exportBusy) return;
  const button = document.getElementById('export-scene');
  exportBusy = true;
  if (button) button.disabled = true;
  try {
    const format = document.getElementById('export-format')?.value || 'png';
    const quality = Number(document.getElementById('export-quality')?.value || 0.92);
    const baseName = document.getElementById('export-filename')?.value || 'osm_3d_model';
    const { width, height } = resolveExportSize();
    setExportStatus(`Rendering ${width} x ${height}...`);

    let blob;
    let extension = format;
    if (format === 'png' || format === 'jpeg' || format === 'webp') {
      const mime = format === 'jpeg' ? 'image/jpeg' : `image/${format}`;
      blob = await captureSceneImage(mime, quality, width, height);
      extension = format === 'jpeg' ? 'jpg' : format;
    } else if (format === 'pdf') {
      const jpeg = await captureSceneImage('image/jpeg', quality, width, height);
      blob = await buildPdfFromJpeg(jpeg, width, height, sanitizeExportBaseName(baseName));
    } else if (format === 'svg') {
      const png = await captureSceneImage('image/png', 1, width, height);
      const dataUrl = await blobToDataUrl(png);
      blob = new Blob([buildSvgSnapshot(dataUrl, width, height, sanitizeExportBaseName(baseName))], { type: 'image/svg+xml' });
    } else if (format === 'html') {
      const jpeg = await captureSceneImage('image/jpeg', quality, width, height);
      const dataUrl = await blobToDataUrl(jpeg);
      blob = new Blob([buildHtmlSnapshot(dataUrl, width, height, sanitizeExportBaseName(baseName))], { type: 'text/html' });
    } else {
      throw new Error(`Unsupported export format: ${format}`);
    }
    downloadBlob(blob, timestampedFilename(baseName, extension));
    setExportStatus(`${format.toUpperCase()} exported at ${width} x ${height}.`, 'success');
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Scene export failed', error);
    setExportStatus(error?.message || 'Export failed.', 'error');
  } finally {
    exportBusy = false;
    if (button) button.disabled = false;
  }
}

async function copySceneToClipboard() {
  if (exportBusy) return;
  if (!window.ClipboardItem || !navigator.clipboard?.write) {
    setExportStatus('Image clipboard access is not available in this browser.', 'error');
    return;
  }
  exportBusy = true;
  try {
    const { width, height } = resolveExportSize();
    setExportStatus(`Rendering ${width} x ${height} for clipboard...`);
    const png = await captureSceneImage('image/png', 1, width, height);
    await navigator.clipboard.write([new ClipboardItem({ 'image/png': png })]);
    setExportStatus('PNG copied to clipboard.', 'success');
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Clipboard export failed', error);
    setExportStatus(error?.message || 'Clipboard export failed.', 'error');
  } finally {
    exportBusy = false;
  }
}

const RECORDING_FORMATS = [
  { mime: 'video/webm;codecs=vp9', label: 'WebM - VP9', extension: 'webm' },
  { mime: 'video/webm;codecs=vp8', label: 'WebM - VP8', extension: 'webm' },
  { mime: 'video/webm', label: 'WebM', extension: 'webm' },
  { mime: 'video/mp4;codecs=avc1.42E01E', label: 'MP4 - H.264', extension: 'mp4' },
  { mime: 'video/mp4', label: 'MP4', extension: 'mp4' }
];

function supportedRecordingFormats() {
  if (!window.MediaRecorder) return [];
  return RECORDING_FORMATS.filter((format) => MediaRecorder.isTypeSupported(format.mime));
}

function resetRecorderUi() {
  window.clearInterval(recorderTimer);
  recorderTimer = null;
  document.querySelector('.recorder-section')?.classList.remove('recording');
  const start = document.getElementById('record-start');
  const stop = document.getElementById('record-stop');
  if (start) start.disabled = false;
  if (stop) stop.disabled = true;
}

function stopRecorderTracks() {
  recorderStream?.getTracks().forEach((track) => track.stop());
  recorderStream = null;
}

function startSceneRecording() {
  if (sceneRecorder?.state === 'recording') return;
  if (!renderer.domElement.captureStream || !window.MediaRecorder) {
    setRecorderStatus('Screen recording is not supported by this browser.', 'error');
    return;
  }
  try {
    const supported = supportedRecordingFormats();
    const selectedMime = document.getElementById('record-format')?.value || 'auto';
    const format = selectedMime === 'auto'
      ? supported[0]
      : supported.find((item) => item.mime === selectedMime);
    if (!format) throw new Error('No supported video encoder is available.');
    const fps = Number(document.getElementById('record-fps')?.value || 30);
    const bitrate = Number(document.getElementById('record-bitrate')?.value || 16000000);
    recorderStream = renderer.domElement.captureStream(fps);
    recorderChunks = [];
    sceneRecorder = new MediaRecorder(recorderStream, {
      mimeType: format.mime,
      videoBitsPerSecond: bitrate
    });
    sceneRecorder.addEventListener('dataavailable', (event) => {
      if (event.data?.size) recorderChunks.push(event.data);
    });
    sceneRecorder.addEventListener('error', (event) => {
      setRecorderStatus(event.error?.message || 'Recording failed.', 'error');
    });
    sceneRecorder.addEventListener('stop', () => {
      try {
        if (viewerUnloading) {
          return;
        } else if (recorderChunks.length) {
          const blob = new Blob(recorderChunks, { type: format.mime });
          const baseName = document.getElementById('export-filename')?.value || 'osm_3d_model';
          downloadBlob(blob, timestampedFilename(baseName, format.extension));
          setRecorderStatus(`Recording saved (${(blob.size / 1048576).toFixed(1)} MB).`, 'success');
        } else {
          setRecorderStatus('The recorder produced no video frames.', 'error');
        }
      } finally {
        recorderChunks = [];
        sceneRecorder = null;
        stopRecorderTracks();
        resetRecorderUi();
      }
    }, { once: true });
    renderSceneFrame();
    sceneRecorder.start(1000);
    recorderStartedAt = performance.now();
    document.querySelector('.recorder-section')?.classList.add('recording');
    const start = document.getElementById('record-start');
    const stop = document.getElementById('record-stop');
    if (start) start.disabled = true;
    if (stop) stop.disabled = false;
    recorderTimer = window.setInterval(() => {
      const elapsed = Math.floor((performance.now() - recorderStartedAt) / 1000);
      const minutes = Math.floor(elapsed / 60);
      const seconds = String(elapsed % 60).padStart(2, '0');
      setRecorderStatus(`Recording ${minutes}:${seconds} · ${fps} fps`);
    }, 250);
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Recorder start failed', error);
    stopRecorderTracks();
    resetRecorderUi();
    setRecorderStatus(error?.message || 'Could not start recording.', 'error');
  }
}

function stopSceneRecording() {
  if (sceneRecorder?.state === 'recording') {
    setRecorderStatus('Finalizing video...');
    sceneRecorder.stop();
  }
}

function updateExportControls() {
  const format = document.getElementById('export-format')?.value || 'png';
  const preset = document.getElementById('export-size-preset')?.value || 'current';
  const size = preset === 'current'
    ? renderer.getSize(new THREE.Vector2())
    : (/^\d+x\d+$/.test(preset)
      ? (() => { const [x, y] = preset.split('x').map(Number); return { x, y }; })()
      : null);
  const widthInput = document.getElementById('export-width');
  const heightInput = document.getElementById('export-height');
  if (size) {
    if (widthInput) widthInput.value = Math.round(size.x);
    if (heightInput) heightInput.value = Math.round(size.y);
  }
  if (widthInput) widthInput.disabled = preset !== 'custom';
  if (heightInput) heightInput.disabled = preset !== 'custom';
  const qualityRow = document.getElementById('export-quality-row');
  if (qualityRow) qualityRow.hidden = format === 'png' || format === 'svg';
  const notes = {
    png: 'PNG preserves full image quality and is ideal for editing and publication.',
    jpeg: 'JPEG creates a smaller photographic image; use the quality slider to balance size and detail.',
    webp: 'WebP gives high quality at a compact size when supported by the embedded browser.',
    pdf: 'PDF fits the rendered scene onto an A4 presentation page with no external assets.',
    svg: 'SVG wraps the rendered scene in a scalable publication container; the 3D pixels remain raster.',
    html: 'HTML creates a self-contained, offline snapshot with the image and OSM attribution embedded.'
  };
  const note = document.getElementById('export-format-note');
  if (note) note.textContent = notes[format];
}

function initExportStudio() {
  const formatSelect = document.getElementById('record-format');
  const formats = supportedRecordingFormats();
  formats.forEach((format) => {
    const option = document.createElement('option');
    option.value = format.mime;
    option.textContent = format.label;
    formatSelect?.appendChild(option);
  });
  if (!formats.length && formatSelect) formatSelect.disabled = true;
  document.getElementById('export-format')?.addEventListener('change', updateExportControls);
  document.getElementById('export-size-preset')?.addEventListener('change', updateExportControls);
  document.getElementById('export-quality')?.addEventListener('input', (event) => {
    const output = document.getElementById('export-quality-value');
    if (output) output.textContent = `${Math.round(Number(event.target.value) * 100)}%`;
  });
  document.getElementById('export-scene')?.addEventListener('click', exportCurrentScene);
  document.getElementById('export-clipboard')?.addEventListener('click', copySceneToClipboard);
  document.getElementById('record-start')?.addEventListener('click', startSceneRecording);
  document.getElementById('record-stop')?.addEventListener('click', stopSceneRecording);
  updateExportControls();
  if (!formats.length) setRecorderStatus('Screen recording is not supported by this browser.', 'error');
}

window.addEventListener('beforeunload', () => {
  viewerUnloading = true;
  if (sceneRecorder?.state === 'recording') {
    sceneRecorder.stop();
  }
  stopRecorderTracks();
});
initExportStudio();

// --- FOV ---
const fovSlider = document.getElementById('fov-slider');
const fovVal   = document.getElementById('fov-val');
if (fovSlider) {
  fovSlider.value = settings.fov;
  fovSlider.addEventListener('input', () => {
    settings.fov = parseInt(fovSlider.value);
    camera.fov = settings.fov;
    camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
    savePersistedSettings();
    if (fovVal) fovVal.textContent = settings.fov + '°';
  });
}

// --- Walk Speed ---
const walkSpeedSlider = document.getElementById('walk-speed-slider');
const walkSpeedVal   = document.getElementById('walk-speed-val');
if (walkSpeedSlider) {
  walkSpeedSlider.value = settings.walkSpeed;
  walkSpeedSlider.addEventListener('input', () => {
    settings.walkSpeed = parseFloat(walkSpeedSlider.value);
    savePersistedSettings();
    if (walkSpeedVal) walkSpeedVal.textContent = settings.walkSpeed.toFixed(1) + 'x';
  });
}

// --- Auto-orbit ---
// Minimap toggle on click
const mmWrapEl = document.getElementById('minimap-wrap');
if (mmWrapEl) {
  document.getElementById('minimap-header')?.addEventListener('click', () => {
    mmWrapEl.classList.toggle('collapsed');
  });
}

const autoOrbitBtn = document.getElementById('btn-auto-orbit');
if (autoOrbitBtn) {
  autoOrbitBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
    settings.autoOrbit = !settings.autoOrbit;
    autoOrbitBtn.classList.toggle('active', settings.autoOrbit);
  });
}

function populateDockSelects() {
  const selectOptions = {
    islandTexture: Object.keys(textureSets.island),
    roofShape: ROOF_SHAPE_OPTIONS,
    roofTexture: Object.keys(textureSets.roof),
    pavementStyle: Object.keys(textureSets.pavement),
    terrainAnalysisMode: ['Texture', 'Elevation tint', 'Slope tint'],
    buildingMode: ['Footprint only', 'Extruded', 'Extruded + roof'],
    hardscapeStyle: Object.keys(textureSets.hardscape),
    roadStyle: Object.keys(textureSets.road),
    roadColorMode: ['Default', 'Amenity distance', 'Access / traffic'],
    assetTheme: Object.keys(assetThemePresets),
    treeRenderMode: ['Stylized', 'Realistic'],
    treeVariantCount: Array.from({ length: TREE_VARIANT_CATALOG.length }, (_item, idx) => String(idx + 1)),
    lightStyle: uniqueAssetVariants('lights', ['Modern Arc', 'Classic Post', 'Dual Head', 'Slim Post']),
    benchStyle: uniqueAssetVariants('benches', ['Wood Plank', 'Concrete Slab', 'Curved Metal']),
    binStyle: uniqueAssetVariants('bins', ['Square Box', 'Cylinder', 'Dual Recycle']),
    stopStyle: uniqueAssetVariants('busstops', ['Glass Shelter', 'Minimal Canopy', 'Wood Cabin']),
    weather: ['Clear', 'Rain', 'Snow']
  };
  document.querySelectorAll('.dock-panel select[data-setting]').forEach((select) => {
    const key = select.dataset.setting;
    if (!selectOptions[key]) return;
    const label = key === 'roofTexture' ? roofTextureLabel : (v) => v;
    select.innerHTML = selectOptions[key].map((value) => `<option value="${value}">${label(value)}</option>`).join('');
  });
}

function updateDockControls() {
  document.querySelectorAll('.dock-panel [data-setting]').forEach((el) => {
    const key = el.dataset.setting;
    if (!(key in settings)) return;
    if (el.type === 'checkbox') el.checked = !!settings[key];
    else el.value = settings[key];
  });
}
const reflectDockSettings = updateDockControls;

let functionStyleRebuildTimer = null;
function requestFunctionStyleRebuild() {
  window.clearTimeout(functionStyleRebuildTimer);
  functionStyleRebuildTimer = window.setTimeout(() => rebuildScene(), 140);
}

function renderFunctionStyleDock() {
  const host = document.getElementById('function-style-controls');
  if (!host) return;
  const keys = Object.keys(functionColorState).sort();
  if (!keys.length) {
    host.innerHTML = `<p class="dock-note">${t('funcStylesPending')}</p>`;
    return;
  }
  host.innerHTML = '';
  const facadeOptions = uniqueAssetVariants('facades', Object.keys(textureSets.facade))
    .filter((value) => Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(textureSets.facade, value));
  const roofOptions = Object.keys(textureSets.roof);
  const makeSelect = (options, value, labelFn) => {
    const select = document.createElement('select');
    options.forEach((item) => {
      const opt = document.createElement('option');
      opt.value = item;
      opt.textContent = labelFn ? labelFn(item) : item;
      select.appendChild(opt);
    });
    select.value = value;
    return select;
  };
  const makeRange = (min, max, step, value) => {
    const wrap = document.createElement('div');
    wrap.className = 'function-style-range';
    const input = document.createElement('input');
    input.type = 'range';
    input.min = min;
    input.max = max;
    input.step = step;
    input.value = value;
    const out = document.createElement('output');
    out.value = String(value);
    out.textContent = String(value);
    wrap.append(input, out);
    return { wrap, input, out };
  };
  const makeField = (labelText, control) => {
    const label = document.createElement('label');
    label.className = 'function-style-field';
    const span = document.createElement('span');
    span.textContent = labelText;
    label.append(span, control);
    return label;
  };
  keys.forEach((key, index) => {
    const style = ensureFunctionBuildingStyle(key, index);
    const card = document.createElement('div');
    card.className = 'function-style-card';

    const header = document.createElement('div');
    header.className = 'function-style-header';
    const name = document.createElement('strong');
    name.textContent = key;
    name.title = key;
    const color = document.createElement('input');
    color.type = 'color';
    color.value = style.color;
    color.title = 'Facade color';
    color.addEventListener('input', () => {
      style.color = color.value;
      functionColorState[key] = color.value;
      saveFunctionBuildingStyles();
      requestFunctionStyleRebuild();
    });
    header.append(name, color);

    const grid = document.createElement('div');
    grid.className = 'function-style-grid';

    const facade = makeSelect(facadeOptions, style.facade);
    facade.addEventListener('change', () => {
      style.facade = normalizeFacadeKey(facade.value);
      functionFacadeState[key] = style.facade;
      saveFunctionBuildingStyles();
      rebuildScene();
    });

    const roofShape = makeSelect(ROOF_SHAPE_OPTIONS, style.roofShape);
    roofShape.addEventListener('change', () => {
      style.roofShape = roofShapeValue(roofShape.value, 'Pyramid');
      saveFunctionBuildingStyles();
      rebuildScene();
    });

    const roofTexture = makeSelect(roofOptions, style.roofTexture, roofTextureLabel);
    roofTexture.addEventListener('change', () => {
      style.roofTexture = presetValue(roofTexture.value, textureSets.roof, 'RoofA');
      saveFunctionBuildingStyles();
      rebuildScene();
    });

    const roofHeight = makeRange(0, 8, 0.1, style.roofHeight);
    roofHeight.input.addEventListener('input', () => {
      style.roofHeight = Number(roofHeight.input.value);
      roofHeight.out.textContent = style.roofHeight.toFixed(1);
      saveFunctionBuildingStyles();
      requestFunctionStyleRebuild();
    });

    const facadeScale = makeRange(1, 8, 0.05, style.facadeScale);
    facadeScale.input.addEventListener('input', () => {
      style.facadeScale = Number(facadeScale.input.value);
      facadeScale.out.textContent = style.facadeScale.toFixed(2);
      saveFunctionBuildingStyles();
      requestFunctionStyleRebuild();
    });

    const floorHeight = makeRange(2.4, 6, 0.05, style.floorHeight);
    floorHeight.input.addEventListener('input', () => {
      style.floorHeight = Number(floorHeight.input.value);
      floorHeight.out.textContent = style.floorHeight.toFixed(2);
      saveFunctionBuildingStyles();
      requestFunctionStyleRebuild();
    });

    grid.append(
      makeField('Facade', facade),
      makeField('Roof shape', roofShape),
      makeField('Roof texture', roofTexture),
      makeField('Roof height', roofHeight.wrap),
      makeField('Facade scale', facadeScale.wrap),
      makeField('Floor height', floorHeight.wrap)
    );
    card.append(header, grid);
    host.appendChild(card);
  });
}

function applyDockSetting(key, value, inputType) {
  if (!(key in settings)) return;
  if (inputType === 'checkbox') {
    settings[key] = !!value;
  } else if (typeof settings[key] === 'number') {
    settings[key] = parseFloat(value);
  } else {
    settings[key] = value;
  }
  if (key === 'roofShape') {
    settings.roofShape = roofShapeValue(settings.roofShape, 'Pyramid');
    Object.values(functionBuildingStyleState).forEach((style) => {
      if (style) style.roofShape = settings.roofShape;
    });
    saveFunctionBuildingStyles();
  }
  if (inputType === 'checkbox' && value === false) {
    if (key === 'showBuildings') { clearGroup(buildingGroup); clearGroup(zoningGroup); }
    else if (key === 'showIslands') clearGroup(islandGroup);
    else if (key === 'showParcels') clearGroup(parcelGroup);
    else if (key === 'showHardscape') clearGroup(hardscapeGroup);
    else if (key === 'showTrees') clearGroup(treeGroup);
    else if (key === 'showFurniture') clearGroup(furnitureGroup);
    else if (key === 'showRoads') clearGroup(roadGroup);
    else if (key === 'showSidewalks') clearGroup(sidewalkGroup);
    else if (key === 'showPedestrianPaths') { clearGroup(pedestrianPathGroup); pedestrianPathCurves = []; }
    else if (key === 'showCrosswalks') clearGroup(crosswalkGroup);
    else if (key === 'showCars') clearGroup(carGroup);
    else if (key === 'showPedestrians') clearGroup(pedestrianGroup);
    else if (key === 'showFences') clearGroup(fenceGroup);
    else if (key === 'showWaterlines') clearGroup(waterlineGroup);
    else if (key === 'showZoningEnvelopes') clearGroup(zoningGroup);
  }
  if (key === 'assetTheme') {
    applyThemeDefaultsToSettings(true);
    clearGroup(carGroup);
    clearGroup(pedestrianGroup);
    releasePersistentTexture(terrainTexture);
    releasePersistentTexture(baseMapTexture);
    terrainTexture = null;
    baseMapTexture = null;
    clearProceduralTemplateCaches();
    updateDockControls();
  }
  if (key === 'showTerrainTexture' || key === 'terrainTextureBrightness' || key === 'terrainTextureContrast' || key === 'terrainAnalysisMode') {
    releasePersistentTexture(terrainTexture);
    terrainTexture = null;
  }
  if (key === 'showXyzTiles' || key === 'xyzTileUrl') {
    releasePersistentTexture(baseMapTexture);
    baseMapTexture = null;
  }
  savePersistedSettings();
  if (key === 'timeOfDay' || key === 'weather' || key === 'fogDensity' || key === 'enableBloom' || key === 'enableSSAO') {
    if (key === 'weather') updateWeather();
    checkTimeChange();
  } else if (key === 'autoTime' || key === 'autoTimeSpeed' || key === 'trafficSpeed') {
    updateDockControls();
  } else if (key.indexOf('walk') === 0) {
    // Walk settings only affect the camera, never the geometry — rebuilding the
    // whole scene on every drag of the body-height slider would be absurd.
    if (isWalkMode) {
      camera.position.y = terrainLocalYAt(camera.position.x, camera.position.z) + walkEyeHeight();
    }
    updateDockControls();
  } else if (key === 'showBasemap') {
    if (settings.showBasemap && projectManifest?.basemap?.image && !basemapTexture) requestSceneRebuild(0);
    else buildBasemapOverlay();
  } else if (key === 'basemapElevation') {
    buildBasemapOverlay();
  } else if (key.indexOf('basemap') === 0) {
    updateBasemapAppearance();
  } else {
    const delay = ['range', 'number', 'color', 'text'].includes(inputType) ? 160 : 0;
    requestSceneRebuild(delay);
  }
}

let dockUiInitialized = false;

function initDockUi() {
  if (dockUiInitialized) return;
  dockUiInitialized = true;
  populateDockSelects();
  updateDockControls();
  // Keep each dock toggle button's .active state in sync with whether its
  // dock is currently visible, so the toolbar shows which panel is open.
  const syncDockButtons = () => {
    document.querySelectorAll('[data-dock-target]').forEach((b) => {
      const dock = document.getElementById(b.dataset.dockTarget);
      b.classList.toggle('active', !!dock && !dock.classList.contains('hidden'));
    });
  };
  document.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
    const btn = event.target.closest('[data-dock-target]');
    if (!btn) return;
    const target = document.getElementById(btn.dataset.dockTarget);
    if (!target) return;
    event.preventDefault();
    document.querySelectorAll('.dock-panel').forEach((dock) => {
      if (dock !== target) dock.classList.add('hidden');
    });
    target.classList.toggle('hidden');
    syncDockButtons();

    // Refresh Model Studio lists if opened
    if (target.id === 'model-studio-dock' && !target.classList.contains('hidden')) {
      renderUploadedModelsList();
      renderTreePoolList();
      renderModelTransformControls();
    }
  });
  document.querySelectorAll('.dock-close').forEach((btn) => {
    btn.addEventListener('click', () => {
      document.getElementById(btn.dataset.close)?.classList.add('hidden');
      syncDockButtons();
    });
  });
  syncDockButtons();
  document.querySelectorAll('.dock-panel [data-setting]').forEach((el) => {
    const handler = () => applyDockSetting(el.dataset.setting, el.type === 'checkbox' ? el.checked : el.value, el.type);
    el.addEventListener(el.tagName === 'SELECT' || el.type === 'checkbox' ? 'change' : 'input', handler);
  });

  // Shadow study presets — jump dayOfYear to a solstice/equinox and clamp time to noon.
  const SHADOW_PRESETS = { winter: 355, spring: 79, summer: 172, autumn: 265 };
  document.querySelectorAll('[data-shadow-preset]').forEach((btn) => {
    btn.addEventListener('click', () => {
      const key = btn.dataset.shadowPreset;
      const day = SHADOW_PRESETS[key];
      if (!day) return;
      settings.dayOfYear = day;
      settings.timeOfDay = 12;
      updateTimeOfDay();
      reflectDockSettings();
      document.querySelectorAll('[data-shadow-preset]').forEach((b) => b.classList.toggle('active', b === btn));
    });
  });
  document.getElementById('shadow-play-day')?.addEventListener('click', () => {
    settings.autoTime = true;
    if (settings.timeOfDay < 6 || settings.timeOfDay > 18) settings.timeOfDay = 6;
    reflectDockSettings();
  });
  document.getElementById('shadow-stop')?.addEventListener('click', () => {
    settings.autoTime = false;
    reflectDockSettings();
  });
  document.getElementById('shadow-compute')?.addEventListener('click', () => {
    computeShadowHeatmap();
  });
  document.getElementById('shadow-clear')?.addEventListener('click', () => {
    removeShadowHeatmap();
    setStatus('Shadow heatmap cleared.');
  });

  // Quick time-of-day presets
  document.querySelectorAll('[data-time-preset]').forEach((btn) => {
    btn.addEventListener('click', () => {
      const t = parseFloat(btn.dataset.timePreset);
      if (!Number.isFinite(t)) return;
      settings.timeOfDay = t;
      settings.autoTime = false;
      updateTimeOfDay();
      reflectDockSettings();
    });
  });

  // Theme override (auto/light/dark) — stored in localStorage
  const themeSelect = document.getElementById('theme-mode-select');
  if (themeSelect) {
    const applyTheme = (value) => {
      const root = document.documentElement;
      root.removeAttribute('data-theme');
      if (value === 'light' || value === 'dark') {
        root.setAttribute('data-theme', value);
      }
      try { if (!isPortableMode) localStorage.setItem('planx_3d_city_theme', value); } catch (_) {}
    };
    let saved = 'auto';
    try { saved = (isPortableMode ? 'auto' : localStorage.getItem('planx_3d_city_theme')) || 'auto'; } catch (_) {}
    themeSelect.value = ['auto', 'light', 'dark'].includes(saved) ? saved : 'auto';
    applyTheme(themeSelect.value);
    themeSelect.addEventListener('change', () => applyTheme(themeSelect.value));
  }

  // Camera bookmarks
  loadCameraBookmarks();
  renderCameraBookmarks();
  document.getElementById('bookmark-save')?.addEventListener('click', () => {
    const name = window.prompt(t('bookmarkPrompt'), `View ${cameraBookmarks.length + 1}`);
    if (name === null) return;
    addCameraBookmark(name);
  });

  // Model Studio Listeners
  initModelStudioListeners();
}

initDockUi();

/* ====================================================================== */
/* v0.3.0 features: distance measurement, help overlay, i18n for the new  */
/* toolbar buttons and the OSM attribution credit. Self-contained so it    */
/* cannot interfere with the core scene boot.                              */
/* ====================================================================== */
(function initOsmExtras() {
  // --- i18n for the new UI (added after boot, so re-apply translations). ---
  Object.assign(i18n.EN, {
    exportTitle: 'Export studio',
    measureTitle: 'Measure distance',
    helpTitle: 'Help & shortcuts',
    measureHud: 'Click two points on the ground to measure · Esc to finish',
    measureClear: 'Clear',
    osmContributors: 'contributors',
    helpFoot: '3D OSM Model · PlanX 3D City engine',
    helpOrbit: 'Orbit / rotate', helpZoom: 'Zoom', helpPan: 'Pan',
    helpWalkRow: 'Enter walk mode', helpWalkMove: 'Move & look', helpExitRow: 'Exit walk / close',
    helpMeasureRow: 'Measure distance', helpShotRow: 'Export image, document or video',
    helpSceneRow: 'Time / weather / sun', helpLangRow: 'Switch language',
    helpLookRow: 'Shuffle a curated look', helpTourRow: 'Play the cinematic tour',
    helpDrag: 'Left-drag', helpWheel: 'Mouse wheel', helpRdrag: 'Right-drag', helpMouse: 'mouse',
  });
  Object.assign(i18n.TR, {
    exportTitle: 'Export studyosu',
    measureTitle: 'Mesafe olc',
    helpTitle: 'Yardim ve kisayollar',
    measureHud: 'Olcmek icin zeminde iki nokta sec · Bitirmek icin Esc',
    measureClear: 'Temizle',
    osmContributors: 'katkida bulunanlar',
    helpFoot: '3D OSM Model · PlanX 3D City motoru',
    helpOrbit: 'Yorunge / dondur', helpZoom: 'Yakinlastir', helpPan: 'Kaydir',
    helpWalkRow: 'Yurume moduna gir', helpWalkMove: 'Hareket et & bak', helpExitRow: 'Yurumeden cik / kapat',
    helpMeasureRow: 'Mesafe olc', helpShotRow: 'Gorsel, belge veya video export',
    helpSceneRow: 'Zaman / hava / gunes', helpLangRow: 'Dili degistir',
    helpLookRow: 'Rastgele hazir gorunum', helpTourRow: 'Sinematik turu oynat',
    helpDrag: 'Sol surukle', helpWheel: 'Fare tekeri', helpRdrag: 'Sag surukle', helpMouse: 'fare',
  });
  if (typeof updateHtmlLang === 'function') updateHtmlLang();

  // ---------------------------------------------------------------- Measure
  let measureActive = false;
  const measurePts = [];          // 0 or 1 confirmed point of the in-progress segment
  let measureGroup = null;
  let previewLine = null;
  let previewLabel = null;
  let mDown = false, mDownX = 0, mDownY = 0, mDragged = false, _measThrottle = 0;

  function ensureGroup() {
    if (!measureGroup) { measureGroup = new THREE.Group(); measureGroup.name = 'measureGroup'; scene.add(measureGroup); }
    return measureGroup;
  }
  function overUi(target) {
    return !!(target.closest('#ui-container') || target.closest('.dock-panel')
      || target.closest('#measure-hud') || target.closest('#help-overlay'));
  }
  function groundPoint(clientX, clientY) {
    const mouse = new THREE.Vector2((clientX / innerWidth) * 2 - 1, -(clientY / innerHeight) * 2 + 1);
    rc.setFromCamera(mouse, camera);
    if (terrainMesh) {
      const hit = rc.intersectObject(terrainMesh, false)[0];
      if (hit) return hit.point.clone();
    }
    const h = (typeof _lastTerrainY === 'number') ? _lastTerrainY : 0;
    const plane = new THREE.Plane(new THREE.Vector3(0, 1, 0), -h);
    const p = new THREE.Vector3();
    return rc.ray.intersectPlane(plane, p) ? p.clone() : null;
  }
  function fmt(m) { return m >= 1000 ? (m / 1000).toFixed(2) + ' km' : m.toFixed(1) + ' m'; }
  function makeLabel(pos, text, cls) {
    const div = document.createElement('div');
    div.className = 'measure-label' + (cls ? ' ' + cls : '');
    div.textContent = text;
    const obj = new CSS2DObject(div);
    obj.position.copy(pos);
    ensureGroup().add(obj);
    return obj;
  }
  function disposeObj(o) {
    if (!o) return;
    if (o.geometry) o.geometry.dispose();
    if (o.material) (Array.isArray(o.material) ? o.material : [o.material]).forEach((m) => m.dispose());
    if (o.element && o.element.remove) o.element.remove();
  }
  function clearPreview() {
    measurePts.length = 0;
    if (previewLine) { ensureGroup().remove(previewLine); disposeObj(previewLine); previewLine = null; }
    if (previewLabel) { ensureGroup().remove(previewLabel); disposeObj(previewLabel); previewLabel = null; }
  }
  function clearAll() {
    clearPreview();
    if (measureGroup) {
      for (let i = measureGroup.children.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        const c = measureGroup.children[i];
        disposeObj(c);
        measureGroup.remove(c);
      }
    }
  }
  function drawSegment(a, b) {
    const g = ensureGroup();
    const geo = new THREE.BufferGeometry().setFromPoints([a, b]);
    const line = new THREE.Line(geo, new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({ color: 0x2563eb }));
    line.renderOrder = 999; g.add(line);
    const dotGeo = new THREE.SphereGeometry(1.1, 10, 10);
    const dotMat = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x1d4ed8 });
    [a, b].forEach((pt) => { const d = new THREE.Mesh(dotGeo, dotMat); d.position.copy(pt); g.add(d); });
    makeLabel(a.clone().add(b).multiplyScalar(0.5), fmt(a.distanceTo(b)));
  }
  function placePoint(cx, cy) {
    const p = groundPoint(cx, cy);
    if (!p) return;
    p.y += 0.8;
    if (measurePts.length === 0) measurePts.push(p);
    else { drawSegment(measurePts[0], p); clearPreview(); }
  }
  function updatePreview(cx, cy) {
    if (measurePts.length !== 1) return;
    const now = performance.now();
    if (now - _measThrottle < 28) return;
    _measThrottle = now;
    const c = groundPoint(cx, cy);
    if (!c) return;
    c.y += 0.8;
    const a = measurePts[0];
    const g = ensureGroup();
    if (previewLine) { g.remove(previewLine); disposeObj(previewLine); }
    const geo = new THREE.BufferGeometry().setFromPoints([a, c]);
    previewLine = new THREE.Line(geo, new THREE.LineDashedMaterial({ color: 0x60a5fa, dashSize: 3, gapSize: 2 }));
    previewLine.computeLineDistances(); g.add(previewLine);
    const mid = a.clone().add(c).multiplyScalar(0.5);
    if (!previewLabel) previewLabel = makeLabel(mid, '', 'total');
    previewLabel.position.copy(mid);
    if (previewLabel.element) previewLabel.element.textContent = fmt(a.distanceTo(c));
  }
  function setMeasure(on) {
    measureActive = on;
    document.getElementById('measure-toggle')?.classList.toggle('active', on);
    document.body.classList.toggle('measuring', on);
    document.getElementById('measure-hud')?.classList.toggle('hidden', !on);
    if (!on) clearPreview();
  }

  document.getElementById('measure-toggle')?.addEventListener('click', () => setMeasure(!measureActive));
  document.getElementById('measure-clear')?.addEventListener('click', clearAll);

  // Track drags so an orbit drag never drops a measurement point.
  window.addEventListener('pointerdown', (e) => {
    if (!measureActive) return;
    mDown = true; mDownX = e.clientX; mDownY = e.clientY; mDragged = false;
  }, true);
  window.addEventListener('pointermove', (e) => {
    if (measureActive && mDown && Math.hypot(e.clientX - mDownX, e.clientY - mDownY) > 6) mDragged = true;
  }, true);
  window.addEventListener('pointerup', () => { mDown = false; }, true);
  // Capture phase: suppress the building hover/click while measuring.
  window.addEventListener('mousemove', (e) => {
    if (!measureActive || overUi(e.target)) return;
    e.stopPropagation();
    updatePreview(e.clientX, e.clientY);
  }, true);
  window.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
    if (!measureActive || overUi(e.target) || mDragged) return;
    e.stopImmediatePropagation();
    e.preventDefault();
    placePoint(e.clientX, e.clientY);
  }, true);

  // ------------------------------------------------------------------- Help
  const helpOverlay = document.getElementById('help-overlay');
  function helpRows() {
    return [
      ['helpOrbit', t('helpDrag')],
      ['helpZoom', t('helpWheel')],
      ['helpPan', t('helpRdrag')],
      ['helpWalkRow', '<span class="help-key">W</span>'],
      ['helpWalkMove', 'WASD + ' + t('helpMouse')],
      ['helpExitRow', '<span class="help-key">Esc</span>'],
      ['helpLookRow', '<span class="help-key">L</span>'],
      ['helpTourRow', '<span class="help-key">T</span>'],
      ['helpMeasureRow', '📏'],
      ['helpShotRow', 'EX'],
      ['helpSceneRow', '☀'],
    ];
  }
  function buildHelp() {
    const body = document.getElementById('help-body');
    if (!body) return;
    body.innerHTML = helpRows().map(([k, v]) => `<div class="help-row"><span>${t(k)}</span><span>${v}</span></div>`).join('');
  }
  function toggleHelp(force) {
    if (!helpOverlay) return;
    const show = force !== undefined ? force : helpOverlay.classList.contains('hidden');
    if (show) { buildHelp(); helpOverlay.classList.remove('hidden'); }
    else helpOverlay.classList.add('hidden');
  }
  document.getElementById('help-toggle')?.addEventListener('click', () => toggleHelp());
  document.getElementById('help-close')?.addEventListener('click', () => toggleHelp(false));
  helpOverlay?.addEventListener('click', (e) => { if (e.target === helpOverlay) toggleHelp(false); });

  // Esc closes help first, otherwise leaves an active measurement.
  window.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
    if (e.code !== 'Escape') return;
    if (helpOverlay && !helpOverlay.classList.contains('hidden')) { toggleHelp(false); return; }
    if (measureActive) setMeasure(false);
  });
})();

window.__moduleEvaluated = true;
